Interregional Migration Flows Research Articles

Does Climate Variability Influence Internal Migration Flows in Senegal? An Empirical Analysis

This paper aims to estimate the total effect of climate variability on interregional migration flows in Senegal. We match regional climate data at origin, represented by normalised rainfall and normalised temperatures (maximum and minimum), with regional migration flow data from Senegal’s Agence Nationale de la Statistique et de la Démographie (ANSD) censuses to construct a panel database covering the five-yearly internal migration waves of 1976, 1988, 2001 and 2013. Using a gravity equation model where migration flows are explained by measures of climatic variability at origin, controlled for geographical, socioeconomic and demographic factors traditionally identified in the literature. Our results show that only negative precipitation anomalies at the origin area act as a push factor and accelerate emigration. In the predominantly agricultural regions, rainfall deficits appear, alongside traditional socioeconomic variables, as an additional significant factor shaping mobility across the country.

ДИНАМИКА ЧИСЛЕННОСТИ И ТЕНДЕНЦИИ МИГРАЦИИ МОЛОДЕЖИ НОВГОРОДСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ: ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ ЗА ПОСЛЕДНИЕ ГОДЫ

The article, based on demographic statistics, analyzes the dynamics of the number of youths aged 14 to 34 years in the Novgorod region from 2018 to 2023. The topic of demographic reproduction of youth has recently acquired relevance, since during this period there has been a decrease in the number of youths in the region, which tends to increase in the near future. One of the mechanisms for maintaining the number of young people is the migration of high school stu-dents and young professionals to the region as part of interregional and international migration. Therefore, the purpose of the work is to study the demographic development, scale and direction of migration movements of youth groups in the Novgorod region. Youth migration data over the past three years show an increase in the number of young people aged 15-24 arriving in the region. However, the scale of negative migration growth in the age groups of 25-29 years and 30-34 years, recorded in 2022, raises concerns. A comparison of interregional and international youth migration flows makes it possible to rank them, from which it can be seen that the former significantly pre-dominate in the region over the latter. Another of the tasks set in the work is to analyze the dynam-ics of the population group under 14 years of age, since in the near future it will be precisely this that will influence the demographic processes in the youth group as a whole. From a comparative analysis of the children's group, it is clear that within it there are subgroups with differently directed demographic processes - the numerical decline of some and growth of other groups. The data obtained during the study can become the basis for developing models for predicting the process of youth migration in the region, as well as a topic for expert discussion of the complex impact of demographic processes on the education system and labor market in the region. To realize the pos-itive potential of educational and labor migration, the author proposes to concentrate on research activities to analyze groups of youth, the number of which will decline in the coming years.

Migration mobility of the population of South Asiа: On the example of India, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Afghanistan

The countries of South Asia are among the most densely populated on the planet. Active migration processes are observed in the region, which have an impact on the socio-economic development of countries. The statistical data and reports of the International Organization for Migration of the United Nations served as an empirical basis for studying the migration mobility of the population of the countries of South Asia. The study is based on information on the structure of emigration and immigration of India, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Afghanistan in absolute and relative terms. For greater clarity, a cartographic method was used: author’s maps were created that reflect the specifics of migration processes in the countries of South Asia in terms of absolute and relative indicators. The scientific base concerning economic and social development of India, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Afghanistan is systematized. The study revealed the specifics of migration flows in the countries of the region on the basis of statistical information on the emigration and immigration of citizens, calculated in absolute and relative terms. The factors influencing the migration mobility of the population are revealed. A retrospective analysis of migration processes in India, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Afghanistan was carried out to identify similar and different features in their history that continue to influence the current migration processes taking place in the region. The reasons for the popularity of India among migrants from neighboring countries of South Asia are substantiated. The influence of the heritage of British India on modern interstate processes in South Asia is shown. The differentiation of intraregional and interregional migration flows in South Asia is analyzed. An assessment is made of the impact of migration processes on the socio-economic development of India, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Afghanistan. The characteristics of the current features in the migration situation in the countries of South Asia are formulated.

Историко-экономический экскурс развития межрегиональных миграционных потоков и видов занятости (на примере Царицына – Сталинграда и прилегающих территорий)

Introduction. The purpose of the study is determined by the significance of the formation of labor resources for territorial development. The choice of the object is determined by the presence of historical experience of the growth of interregional migration flows in the territories under consideration. Methods and materials. Statistical collections, materials from general and agricultural censuses, and one-time surveys of the late 19th and early 20th centuries were used. Historical-evolutionary approaches and statistical methods of analysis are applied. Analysis. The migration flows are determined, and their statistical features are identified: 1) seasonal migration before the construction of the railway in 1862; 2) changes in seasonal migration after 1862; 3) formation of qualified and unskilled immigration flows with high settlement when developing factory activity (1897); 4) migration of the period of the First World War and the Civil War in connection with military operations; 5) a gradual reduction in spontaneity and an increase in the regularity of migration processes in the 20–30s of the 20th century. Results. The formation of interregional migration flows and types of employment is determined by the prevailing technological order, existing social institutions, opportunities to have a source of income, similarity of lifestyle, and the insignificance of the shoulder of territorial displacement. Recommendations are formulated based on the use of historical experience to predict migration flows and ensure their specific orientation, for example, for the currently developing digital economy, including the gig economy. Authors’ contribution. T.B. Ivanova identified historical sources, analyzed the patterns of development, and framed the text of the article. S.M. Mironova participated in identifying patterns of historical processes and preparing the article.

Interregional migration of construction workers in China: roles of employment opportunities and environment amenities

PurposeWithin the labor-intensive construction industry characterized by distinctly structural shortages in the labor force worldwide, efficient and effective migration of construction workers across regions is critical for the smooth operation of construction activities. This study aims to investigate how the interregional migration patterns of construction workers are impacted by the disparities in both employment opportunities and environment amenities between the origin and destination provinces.Design/methodology/approachDrawing on the push and pull theory and the archival data on 13,728 migrant construction workers in China, descriptive analyses are first performed to characterize the interregional migration patterns of the investigated construction workers. Combining regional data in the National Bureau of Statistics of China, this study uses hierarchical regression modeling techniques to empirically test the relative importance of the employment-related and environment-related factors in driving the interregional migration of construction workers after controlling for the effects of related economic and geographic factors.FindingsThe results provide evidence that the interregional migration of construction workers is principally driven by the disparities in employment opportunities while disparities in environment amenities (including climate comfort disparity, medical service disparity and educational service disparity) generally play much fewer substantive roles. With regard to the impacts of employment opportunities, the results provide evidence that compared with the disparity in job market size, the disparities in job income and industry development level are more significantly relevant factors, which positively pull and adversely push the interregional migration flows, respectively.Research limitations/implicationsThis study contributes to a deepened understanding of how workers specifically balance their employment and amenity needs to make temporary migration decisions in the “laggard” labor-intensive construction industry. This study also adds to the literature on population migration by characterizing the specific characteristics of construction workers and the temporary nature of the workers' migration activities. The findings hold important practical implications for construction organizations and policymakers for effectively managing the mobility of migrant construction workers.Originality/valueThe extant literature on migrant construction workers has primarily focused on the consequences of international migration and the generalization of empirical findings on population migration mechanisms in other domains to the construction industry is substantially limited by the specific characteristics of construction workers and the temporary nature of their migration activities. In addressing this gap, this study represents an exploratory effort to quantitatively characterize the interregional migration patterns of construction workers in the labor-intensive construction industry and examines the roles of employment opportunity and environmental amenity in driving interregional migration.

Geography of interregional migrations of population of Ukraine in conditions of war

out migration were ascertained. Problems of geography of migrations in population of Ukraine have become specifically painful and pressing since Russia’s invasion in 2014 and could not but tell on migration causes, directions, scope, intensity and dynamics. The scope and the directions of Ukrainian interregional migration flows have at last shown certainty in the pre-war period (2006–2013) with the coefficient of parameter stability amounting to 0,127. There appeared spatial regularities, namely, the capital of the country possessed the highest attractiveness power; the number of population was gradually growing in some regions such as Kyiv, Kharkiv, Odesa, Chernivtsi Oblasts, Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the City of Sevastopol; the majority of regions (20) showed the out migration; the maximal negative net balance of migration was characteristic for the Donbas oblasts, the southern and the central macro-regions. The war period (2014–2021) was distinctive for essential polarization of the parameters of interregional migration. Kyiv Oblast had become an obvious leader in the attraction of migrants from other regions of Ukraine with the net balance grown 5,5 times in comparison to the period of peaceful years; the migrants were intensely arriving to the capital and the Kharkiv and the Odesa oblasts; the net balance of migration changed from negative to positive values in Dnipropetrovsk and western Lviv and Ivano-Frankivsk oblasts; significant growth was shown in migrants leaving the zones directly adjacent to scenes of fighting, this resulting in negative net balance of migration for the Donetsk Oblast (3,9 times), Luhansk Oblast (2,1 times), and Zaporizhzhia Oblast (1,8 times), with still big values of negative net balance in the Kherson and the Mykolayiv oblasts; a new category of unwilling migrants – internally displaced persons – appeared in Ukraine in connection with war activity. Russia’s large-scale war against Ukraine (from 24 February 2022) had caused significant flows of coerced migration raising the number of refugees, internally displaced persons, temporarily protected persons, forcibly brought out persons, etc. It was almost 6,5 million people who migrated within the territory of Ukraine in the first month of full-scale aggression (3,6 million people left abroad), the mid-May 2022 showed 7,1 million people being the internally displaced persons; with that, the essential number of internally displaced persons (4,5 million people) have returned to the places of their permanent residence. Migration within Ukraine takes place depending on the geography of war activities. According to the IOM, the number of officially registered internally displaced persons have now become stable amounting to 3,6 million people. Keywords: population, migration, regions, interregional migration, war, Ukraine.

Forecasting interregional youth migration flows

Subject. This article deals with the issues of youth migration, reproduction processes and the potential for the future socio-economic development of areas. Objectives. The article aims to develop a cellular automata model for the medium-term prediction of inter-regional youth migration flows of the 15–19 age cohort. Methods. For the study, we used a statistical analysis and the cellular automata theory. Results. The article presents a probabilistic cellular automata model with rectangular grids of cells without borders, where the number of cells coincides with the 15–19 age cohort number in the respective area. The article also proposes an author-developed cross-platform program in the Go programming language that helps make medium-term forecasts. Conclusions. The cellular automata allow for integrating various patterns of migratory behavior into a general model of area migration flow, and choosing the most adequate patterns of migratory behavior for various age and social groups of migrants.

Mauritania’s internal migration dynamics and trends in response to rainfall variability and change1

The northwest African country of Mauritania is a vast, desert territory, which was historically been dominated by pastoral nomads. Since independence in 1960, the country has witnessed a dramatic sedentarization of its nomadic population, as well as settlements in and movements to urban centers. This vast sedentarization movement coupled with internal and interregional migration has resulted in the growth of Mauritania’s urban population from less than 10 percent of the total population in 1965 to nearly 90 percent in 2013. Factors that have caused this rapid urbanization, include the droughts that spanned the late 1960s through to the early 1980s, and the turbulent transformation of Mauritania’s political economy. The aim of this study is to determine and examine internal migration flows to analyze the relationship between long-term rainfall changes and dynamic spatial demographic shifts in terms of movements toward urban centers. In this regard, we propose an assessment approach that integrates official statistics from the decennial census and rainfall data, with available socioeconomic variables, to characterize interregional migration flows. Our result confirms that rates of interregional migration remain elevated and are expected to increase. In 2013, 702,575 individuals were documented as having participated in interregional migration, comprising 17.5 percent of the total population. In comparison, there were 477,814 individuals, which migrated inter-regionally in 2000, and 208,039 in 1988. These results demonstrate distinct interactions between climate variability and interregional migration in Mauritania throughout the past four decades.

Gross regional product: study of influencers

The relevance of the research topic is determined by special attention to issues of regional development in the state policy of the Republic of Belarus, the quality of life of 78.6% of the country's population depends on the level of development of the regions under study. The problem of regional development is the growing imbalances in development between the regions of the country and, as a result, undesirable interregional migration flows of the population and a reduction in the demographic potential of a number of territories, as well as the emergence of signs of depression in a number of areas. The analysis of recent publications makes it possible to verify an ongoing interest in the issue, but the drawback of most studies is the disclosure of the issue within one particular region, or the study of the growth of grp due to conventional factors. According to the authors, until the end of the unexplored, the dependence of the gross regional product on indirect, implicit factors remains. Particular attention is drawn to the author's indicators and their place in the GRP growth model. The aim of the study is to establish the influence of unconditional and indirect factors on the magnitude and dynamics of gross regional product, which will provide an opportunity to formalize the dependence of grp on these factors and subsequently apply the built model in practice. The study methods used in the work are comparison, grouping, correlation-regression analysis, econometric modeling, and a systemic approach. Results of work. The present study considers a set of indicators for six regions of the republic of belarus for the period from 2013 to 2019. Using econometric methods of analysis, the authors built a regression model of the dependence of grp per capita on four exogenous variables, analyzed the degree of influence of these variables and the possibility of impact on them by the state. The area of application of the study results is state policy aimed at the sustainable growth of the economies of the regions. Conclusions. In the constructed model of four exogenous variables, the unemployment rate and the rate of life of the population are most significant. However, according to the authors, in order to achieve the desired level of gross regional product, it is necessary to have a comprehensive impact on all variable models, among which, in descending order of importance, the level of unemployment, the rate of life of the population, the amount of industrial production per person employed in the economy, investment in fixed assets.

Влияние центр-периферийных отношений на молодежную образовательную миграцию

Abstract Introduction: the article outlines the existing trends in interregional youth migration with the view of identifying the factors and long-term threats in the human capital outflow from the Russian regions. Objectives: analysis of center-peripheral relations on youth educational migration, both intraand interregional. Methods: comparative, statistical, graphical and cartographic analysis of statistical data on interregional migration flows and data of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation. Results: the study has been completed in three aspects, namely: (1) analysis of interregional youth educational migration flows based on attractiveness of higher educational institutions in three groups of Russian regions (educational centers; regions with a million- population capital city; other regions); (2) analysis of intra-regional youth migration based on comparing relative total intra- and inter-regional migration of 15–19 age group in 62 municipal districts of the Republic of Bashkortostan located within a distance to republican capital city; (3) analysis of migration attractiveness factors for the regions accepting the migrants aged 14 and over from the Republic of Bashkortostan leaving for reasons related to education. Conclusions: center-peripheral relations as relations between economically and culturally developed center and peripheral districts that are much weaker in this sense, appear to be secondary factors for inter-regional educational migration, much moreimportant factors becoming the high quality of education as well as a subjective perception of socio-economic conditions in the region, where the young people would like to receive education. The educational centers of Russia are the most popular with applicants; while local schools and neighboring regions graduates are more attracted by large higher education institutions of regional capital cities (agglomeration center, million-population city), which focus on the local labour market in the agglomeration. At the same time, the center-peripheral relations have a larger impact on intraregional migration flows of young people, especially within a certain distance (150−180 km for the Republic of Bashkortostan); outside this distance the young people tend to gravitate to the neighboring regions where Russia’s largest cities (including educational centers and agglomerations) are located.

Анализ межрегиональных миграционных потоков в России в проекции отдельных видов миграции

The impact of interregional migration on regional economic and social sphere necessitates the determination of migration factors. An analysis of existing studies has shown that gravity models can be considered the most effective tool for migration flows analysis. At the same time existing studies show a weak elaboration of approaches that involve the separation of migration into different types depending on the goal of the relocation. The purpose of the article is to analyze the interregional migration flows in the context of types of migration identifying a set of factors that determine a particular type of migration. The main result obtained by the authors is the determination of three regional clusters that attract a certain type of migrants. Clustering was carried out using a set of indicators with a model-oriented clustering methods. The main conclusions made in the article are related to improving the quality of models when dividing regions into clusters and including different variables for certain types of migration. However, the authors note that the input data for the analysis is somewhat noisy, since it contains migrants of all ages. Therefore, the obtained regional groupings by type of migration are only the first approximation of differentiation by type of arriving or departing citizens. The results of the study can be used for further work on the definition of the determinants of interregional migration, as well as for studies on the impact of migration on regional labor markets and socioeconomic situation of regions.

Моделирование межрегиональных миграционных потоков клеточными автоматами

В статье исследуется проблема разработки и обоснования наиболее адекватного инструментария для прогнозирования величины и структуры межрегиональных миграционных потоков. Миграционные процессы оказывают значительное влияние на численность и демографическую структуру населения территорий, состояние и сбалансированность региональных и локальных рынков труда. Для анализа миграционных процессов и оценки их последствий необходим экономикоатематический инструментарий, позволяющий с необходимой точностью моделировать миграционные процессы и потоки для различных территорий. Рассмотрены существующие подходы и методы моделирования миграционных процессов с анализом их преимуществ и недостатков. Отмечается, что для реализации многих из этих методов необходим большой массив агрегированных статистических данных, который не всегда имеется в наличии и не характеризует поведение мигрантов на локальном уровне, на котором принимается решение о переезде на новое место жительства. Это существенно влияет на возможность применения соответствующих методов моделирования миграционных процессов и точность прогнозов величины и структуры миграционных потоков.

Interregional Migration of Human Capital and Unemployment Dynamics: Evidence from Italian Provinces

AbstractSince the mid-1990s interregional migration flows in Italy have dramatically increased, especially from the South to the North. These flows are characterized by a strong component of human capital, involving a large number of workers with secondary and tertiary education. Using longitudinal data for the period 2002-2011 at NUTS-3 territorial level, we document that long-distance (i.e., South-North) net migration of high-skill workers has increased the unemployment at origin and decreased it at destination, thus deepening North-South unemployment disparities. On the other hand, long-distance net migration of low-skill workers has had the opposite effect, by lowering the unemployment at origin and raising it at destination. Further evidence also suggests that the diverging effect of high-skill migration dominates the converging effect of lowskill migration. Thus, concerns for an ‘internal brain drain’ from Southern regions look not groundless.

Interdistrict Migration Relations, their Features and Measurement

The Object of the Study. Migration processes in Rossiya.The Subject of the Study. Interdistrict migration links. The Purpose of the Study. Identifying the features of interdistrict migration exchange and justifying adequate indicators for its measurement.The Main Provisions of the Article. The article reveals how and when scientific ideas about the spatial patterns of migration processes that took place in the past and at present appeared, and about the subsequent interpretation of this knowledge and the creation of adequate indicators for their measurement have arisen. The paper shows the importance in the total migration turnover of internal migrations, interregional movements, in particular. Interregional migrations include population movements between administrative and territorial entities. In Rossiya, regions with independent status were adopted as such “migration” entities, i.e. which are subjects of the Russiyskaya Federatsiya. In its turn, migration flows between them break up into smaller interregional flows. All of them, like the general migration flows, differ in their scale, structure, directions and results. The article discusses existing approaches to studying the nature of migration flows, determining their directions and values, it is stressed that as early as at the end of the nineteenth century the idea was expressed about a relationship between population size, distance, as well as the forces of attraction and repulsion. It is noted that in the domestic literature, the clarification of the relationship between migration processes and the factors determining their scope and direction has begun since the 60s of the last century. At the same time, a special indicator has been created to level the influence of different population numbers in different regions on the assessment of the significance of interregional migration flows. The possibilities of using this gauge for present day interregional migrations are shown on the example of two regions of Rossiya with the publication of the matrix of coefficients of interdistrict migration links for 1966-1969 allowing to compare them with the data for 2015-2017 and accordingly confirm the stability of these relationships.

Migration of the Elderly Population in Russia (According to the 2010 Population Census)

This paper analyzes regional features of migration of the elderly population in Russia. Data compiled from the 2010 All-Russia Population Census have revealed the share of people aged 60 years and older in the structure of interregional and intraregional migration flows and the intensity of this type of migration. Assessment of the migration intensity of the elderly in Russia demonstrates significant regional differentiation. Compared to Russia as a whole, the Far East and northern territories are distinguished by a high level of elderly migration intensity. At the same time, the beginning of “retirement” departures from these regions usually occurs earlier than is set by the retirement age limit for men and women in Russia. And in general, migration of the elderly from northern regions involves the relocation of the “young elderly.” The overwhelming majority of republics and autonomous entities are among the regions with a low intensity of migration of the elderly. This paper also identifies the main centers of attraction and outflow of elderly migrants within the Russian Federation and general features of elderly migration in Russia.

Urban population of Volyn region: resettlement and dynamics

Introduction. Currently, the spatial and temporal evolution of urban settlement systems has become an important object of the research at the regional, national and global levels. After all, urbanization is a rather complicated process. On the one hand, it is characterized by an increase in the size of the urban population, level of comfort and standard of living, modernization of all spheres of society's life. On the other hand, urbanization is accompanied by tensions regarding the use of basic natural resources, inconsistency in the demands of life comfort from the pace of development of housing and communal services and the planning structure of cities, etc. The study of the spatial and temporal evolution of the urban settlement systems is an important task on the regional, national and global levels. Therefore, the identification of resettlement patterns, the dynamics of urban processes and qualitative characteristics of the urban population, in particular, Volyn region are very relevant and deserve attention of modern geodemographers. The aim of the article is to analyze the settlement of the existing urban population and its dynamics in Volyn region. Research methodology. The following research methods are used: comparative-geographical, mathematical-statistical, method of geoinformation modeling (using MapInfo Professional 8.0 SCP). The results of the research reflect the current urban tendencies in Volyn region, in particular, the unevenness of the settlement of the urban population through natural and economic factors. During the research period, the dynamics of the number of urban residents increased as a result of migration growth, and the percentage of urbanization in Volyn region stabilized. Currently, the number of urban population and the urbanization of Volyn region, in addition to natural reproduction of the population and intra-regional migration, have a significant impact on interregional and interstate migration flows. Since urbanization reflects contemporary socio-economic trends in the development of society, the issue of urban lifestyles remains among perspective research. Scientific novelty and practical significance. The course, trends and dynamics of urbanization processes in Volyn and other Ukrainian regions have become an important task on the way to improving the effectiveness of spatial planning, especially in terms of territorial and administrative reform in Ukraine.

Dynamics of Demographic Processes in the Russian Far East as a Condition of Economic Development

The article considers the dynamics of demographic processes in the Russian Far East, formed in the post-Soviet period. Attention is paid to migration processes, which have the most significant impact on the reduction of the population in the region. Particular emphasis was placed on the loss of the Far East attractiveness for migrants; the territories of the Russian Federation, which are the most popular for migrants traveling outside the region, were noted. The external migration of the population is analyzed, it is noted that CIS migrants to some extent neutralize the negative migration balance of interregional migration flows, but, nevertheless, reduce their participation in the migration movement to the Far East of Russia. The role of migration with the countries of the Far abroad, migration interaction with which has acquired negative value, is analyzed. Analysis of migration processes and natural reproduction of the population revealed the presence of risks for the implementation of the program of the concept of demographic development of the Far East until 2025.

Irkutsk Oblast in Focus of Inter-regional Migration Analysis

The article is devoted to investigating inter-regional migration flows in Irkutsk Oblast in which the negative balance of migration is a constant problem that aggravates the conditions for incremental socio-economic development. It examines the trends of inter-regional migration from 2010 till 2017. It identifies the stable migration flows in terms of migration exchange with federal districts of Russia: the inflow of population to Irkutsk Oblast from the Far Eastern Federal District, the outflow of population to the Central, North-Western and Siberian Districts. The article specifies the main directions of population traffic inside the Siberian Federal District: the population growth in Irkutsk Oblast is provided by inflow of migrants Republic of Buryatia and Zabaikalye Territory while the population outflow is directed to Krasnoyarsk Territory and Novosibirsk Oblast. It also identifies the unfavorable consequences 0f the migration processes for the region - aggravation of qualitative characteristics of the human potential. It determines the factors of migration population traffic, such as the level and prospects of territories economic development and the socio-cultural conditions of life that provide the possibility of effective employment.

Interregional migration in Russia at different stages of the life cycle

This paper explores age-specific migration flows between regions of Russia. Using age-disaggregated data of the Russian Census 2010, we cluster interregional migration flows based on prevailing age-groups of migrants, analyse diversity and similarity in the choice of age-specific migration destinations and describe general socio-economic characteristics of these flows. It is for the first time that the relationship between migration and migrants’ age and life-cycle events is analysed in the Russian context. Similar to migrants in other countries, migrants in Russia choose the place of residence depending on their age. Migration flows which differ by dominating age group of migrants quite often have opposite destinations, because motivations of migration also differ. Migration follows various stages of the life-cycle: people are born in one region, study in another region, go to work in a different region, and resettle to another place after retirement. Migration modeling turns to be complicated if the impact of age factor is ignored. Therefore, the age of migrants should be considered when analyzing, modeling and interpreting interregional migration in Russia.

Economic determinants of intervoivodship migration

The aim of the research is to indicate the influence of economic determinants of interregional migration flows in Poland in the years 1999—2015. The analysis was conducted on the basis of data from the Local Data Bank of Statistics Poland using descriptive methods of migration flows differentiation analysis, wages and unemployment rates in time and space and spatial econometrics methods: the least squares method (LSM), generalised method of moments (GMM), logistic models and fixed effects models. The conclusions of the research are as follows: migration inflows are most strongly influenced by relative wages, and outflows by the relative unemployment rate. Moreover, migrants decide to change their place of residence, taking into account a spatial factor.