International Aviation Organizations Research Articles

The significance of airport certification in the recovery process security of civil aviation of Ukraine

The main goal of this study is the need to solve the problems of safe and effective development of airport infrastructure, since the implementation of effective international and European standards, transformation and modernization of airport infrastructure is one of the directions of Ukraine’s work in the process of implementing international and European standards, as well as in the development of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. The authors used the method of analysis of the global reporting format to find out the requirements of the acts of international and European civil aviation organizations in the conditions of restoring the safety of civil aviation of Ukraine, compliance with standards and recommended practices regarding the certification of airport activities. Paths are defined recovery infrastructure of Ukrainian airports after the cessation of Russian military aggression, which caused horrible destruction, in particular, in the airport industry, the requirements for accreditation of airports, existing facilities on the territory of the airport were analyzed. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that the authors carried out a thorough analysis of the requirements of international and European civil aviation organizations for airport activity, directions for certification of airports after the end of the war, which would contribute to the economic development of the state. The experience of Ukraine’s cooperation with international and European civil aviation organizations in the field of airport certification should contribute to the restoration of state’s capabilities for the safety of civil aviation flights.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE GLOBAL AIR TRANSPORTATION MARKET IN CONDITIONS OF TURBULENCE

The purpose of the article is to develop and substantiate the strategic priorities of international cooperation of air transport enterprises of Ukraine in war and post-war times based on the study of turbulence factors affecting the activity of the global air transport market, as well as the analysis of the strategic development of the world's largest airlines in crisis conditions. The methodological basis of the research is scientific theories of economic cycles and crises, theories of market equilibrium, theories of market structures, theories of cooperation and integration. Both general scientific and special methods of scientific knowledge were used – historical-logical, descriptive-analytical, analysis and synthesis, methods of quantitative and qualitative comparisons. The informational basis of the article is monographic studies and periodical publications of Ukrainian and foreign economists, analytical reports of international aviation organizations, international consulting companies and analytical centres. The article examines the essence, structure and modern trends in the development of the global air transport market. Turbulence factors affecting the dynamics of air transport are identified and justified, including geopolitical instability, economic downturns, rising fuel prices, pandemics, technological innovations etc. The impact of crises on international air transportation was assessed, and the peculiarities of the regulation of the world air market were considered. The role of global strategic alliances in the formation of the world market of air transportation is determined, it is established that international cooperation of air transport enterprises allows to increase the market share. The results of the research made it possible to justify the strategic priorities of international cooperation of air transport enterprises of Ukraine in war and post-war times. Research results can be used for scientific justification and further creation of proper conditions for the effective functioning of the global air transport market, as well as in the development of new strategies for air transport enterprises of Ukraine, which will allow them to remain stable and competitive in conditions of uncertainty and growing threats.

System of legal regulation of international air transportation

The Warsaw Convention of 1929 for the unification of certain rules of international air transport is the basis of the legal regulation of international air transport. Agreements supplementing the Warsaw Convention: Hague Protocol of 1955, Guatemala Protocol of 1971 amending the Warsaw Convention, Guadalajara Convention of 1961, Montreal Protocol for the Unification of Certain Rules Relating to International Carriage by Air (1975). The Montreal Interim Airline Agreement of 1966, the Montreal Agreement of 1999. The set of norms of these agreements as a whole constitutes the Warsaw System of Regulation of International Air Transport. IATA – a special non-governmental organization, an association of airlines of ICAO member states – is responsible for determining the specific conditions of international air transportation. On May 28, 1999, a significant event took place in the field of international private air law: as a result of the three-week work of the Diplomatic Conference on Air Law held at the ICAO headquarters with the participation of representatives of 121 states and 11 international aviation organizations, the Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules of International Aviation Law was adopted of air transportation (Montreal Convention of 1999), which defines the basic legal conditions of international air transportation in the 21st century. Scientific and technical progress, the rapid development of international air transport, the increase in the safety of its operation made it necessary to expand the scope and more clearly regulate the responsibility of the carrier. This international Convention is designed to provide firm legal guarantees and an adequate level of compensation to persons injured as a result of aviation events, to create a uniform and clear legal regime of responsibility of air carriers for failure to preserve cargo, baggage and delay during their transportation on international lines. On November 4, 2003, the Montreal Convention entered into force. Among the participants of the Convention are such countries as the USA, Japan, Canada, China, the countries of the European Union, including Ukraine. The article examines the early development of the aviation industry and the role of the Warsaw Convention in the construction of rules and mechanisms aimed at protecting the interests of both the carrier and the passenger or cargo owner. The development of the norms of the Warsaw Convention in various protocols is revealed. Such as the Hague Protocol (1955), the Guadalajara Convention (1961), the Guatemala City Protocol (1971) and the Montreal Four Protocols (1975), which significantly modernized the provisions on air transport regulations, as seen in the Montreal Convention (1999).

COVID-19 crisis management in Greek airlines

This study provides a comprehensive analysis of Greeceʼs aviation management during the COVID-19 pandemic. Greece was selected as a focal point due to its significant role in European tourism and its burgeoning air transport industry, both of which suffered greatly from the pandemic. The research is exploratory in nature and incorporates an analysis of secondary sources including airline archives, public services, national regulatory authorities, European Union institutions, and public media, along with a series of detailed, semi-structured interviews with six executives from leading Greek airlines. The study illuminates the primary effects of the COVID-19 crisis on Greek air transport, scrutinizes the crisis management strategies employed by the airlines and assesses their perceived effectiveness. It also delves into the guidance and support provided by the Greek government and both national and international civil aviation organizations. Moreover, the study explores the impact of the crisis on emerging opportunities and innovations. Finally, it reflects on the lessons learned and offers recommendations for future improvements.

ОСНОВНІ ЗАСОБИ АВІАЦІЙНОЇ ГАЛУЗІ УКРАЇНИ: ВАРТІСТЬ ТА ІНВЕСТИЦІЇ

The article substantiates the cost and investment in the fixed assets of the aviation industry as the main basis for the functioning of each individual enterprise. The original and residual value of the fixed assets of the transport complex have been analyzed. It was found that the initial cost of fixed assets as a whole by the type of economic activity "Transport, warehousing, postal and courier activities" has a tendency to a slight decrease, a similar situation is observed in land and pipeline transport; a negative trend is observed in water transport, where the maximum reduction is observed; while in air transport there is an increase of almost two times. It was found that the residual value of fixed assets as a whole by type of economic activity decreased by an insignificant amount, the largest decrease occurred in water transport, and the largest increase in almost two and a half times – in air transport. It is shown that the technical condition of aviation equipment is affected by many factors, and constant loads lead to destruction and failure of work, therefore, by type of economic activity, an unsatisfactory condition of fixed assets with a high degree of wear and tear (almost half) is observed. It has been proven that there is an acute problem of restoring aviation equipment and updating the infrastructure taking into account the latest technologies. It is shown that the renewal of aviation equipment consists of the purchase of airplanes, helicopters and other aircraft. It is substantiated that the form of ownership of the aviation enterprise, the assessment of investment attractiveness, the forecast of the results of the enterprise’s production activity and future profits on the invested investment capital, the guarantee of economic security and the state support of the organization of the investment process affect the inflow of investments. It was found that the investment attractiveness of aviation enterprises of the aviation industry of Ukraine is possible under the following conditions: 1. elimination of a number of important problems regarding the development and functioning of the aviation industry due to the aging of equipment; 2. improving the quality of the airport infrastructure, which would meet international standards for providing quality aviation services and guaranteeing flight safety; 3. cooperation with international aviation organizations that develop standards and norms of safety, efficiency and environmental friendliness; 4. increasing the investment attractiveness of aviation enterprises on the basis of financial stability in the context of increasing profitability, profitability, and future payments to the investor.

Styles of psychological and pedagogical communication in the work of air traffic control instructor

In recent years, the process of training and retraining of aviation personnel has become increasingly important in the aviation sphere, as one of the key factors influencing the reduction in the number of avia-tion accidents and incidents. The article describes one of the methods for applying new standards and requirements of the aviation sphere to the concept of competence of air traffic controllers (ATC) instructors, describes previous studies on the psychological and pedagogical aspects of the ATC instructor’s activity, considers the concept of "pedagogical communication", its connection with the competence of an instruc-tor; the features of pedagogical communication between the ATC instructor and the trainee in the learning process are described, various styles of pedagogical communication according to S.A. Shein are analyzed. This paper shows results of the study of air traffic controllers – instructors’s pedagogical communication styles, according to Shane; there are given recommendations for choosing the most optimal style in the in-teraction between the air traffic controller-instructor and the trainee. The purpose of the study was to study the peculiarities of the pedagogical style of communication between an air traffic controller-instructor and trainees. The working documents on the training of aviation personnel, the requirements and recommen-dations of international aviation organizations were studied, and they were compared the competencies of instructors with the styles of their pedagogical communication with trainees. The scientific significance of the work lies in the analysis of the psychological and pedagogical component of the interaction between the instructor and the trainee, the study of a separate component of the instructor's work in the light of the new requirements of the aviation industry. The practical significance lies in the information obtained about the styles of pedagogical communication of current instructors, which can be used in the selection of candidates for the position of instructor and in advanced training courses and, thereby, increase the ef-fectiveness of training. The methodology of the study consisted in the analysis of aviation guidelines and the application of a questionnaire according to the method of S.A. Shein. In the course of experimental work, the styles of pedagogical communication of instructors were determined. The results of the study indicate the need to pay enough attention to the modern understanding of the competence of instructors in advanced training courses, to find teaching methods for instructors that allow them to develop their own optimal style of pedagogical communication, introduce the skills of cooperation, mentoring, ethics and honesty and prevent the emergence and development of opposite qualities. Key words: competence of ATC instructor, style of psychological and pedagogical communication, human factor, instructor skills.

Impact of Covid-19 on the Aviation Industry: An Overview of Global and Some Local Effects

The COVID-19 pandemic temporarily paralysed demand for air travel causing long-term implications for all industry stakeholders involved. Nobody was spared, and without government support, many airlines, airports and air navigation service providers (ANSP), would have gone out of business already in the first year of the pandemic. In order to assess the global impact of COVID-19 on the aviation industry, this paper reviewed data from publications by various international aviation organizations, academic papers, and annual reports by airlines, airports and ANSPs, etc. The findings show that the global aviation industry was severely hit by the pandemic, pushing all stakeholders to adopt countermeasures, with the most common response by airlines being the reconfiguring their networks and capacity or switching to cargo operations, airports and other operators reacted by reducing staff numbers, while passengers had to adapt to the new travel rules and the new normality.

Proces zgłaszania zdarzeń lotniczych w ramach systemu zarządzania bezpieczeństwem na przykładzie instytucji zapewniającej służby żeglugi powietrznej

Aviation safety management issue has been regulated relatively recently. Safety itself has been a priority in the activities of aviation entities since World War II. It was then that people started to pay attention to the factors that lower the level of safety in the performance of tasks. International aviation organizations cooperate in the development of regulations and guidelines in the field of safety, including the reporting of aviation occurrences. They must take into account the emerging and new challenges faced by civil aviation and support aviation entities in managing safety in a uniform manner. Air accidents are often preceded by safety incidents and deficiencies indicating the existence of threats, therefore systems based solely on response have limited use in further improving safety and should therefore be complemented by proactive systems that use other types of safety information.

АНАЛІЗ ВІДПОВІДНОСТІ РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ПОВІТРЯНОГО ТРАНСПОРТУ УКРАЇНИ ВИМОГАМ ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКОГО СОЮЗУ ДО КРАЇН – КАНДИДАТІВ

The article is devoted to the analysis of the conformity of the regulation of air transport activities of Ukraine with the requirements of the European Union to the candidate countries and the determination of priorities for the development of Ukraine in the field of civil aviation. Systematization of the questionnaire made it possible to determine its general and profile content blocks: air transportation; airport management; provision of air navigation services; aviation insurance; aviation security; aviation security; ensuring environmental friendliness of air transport activities; participation in international activities; social protection of aviation personnel; administrative capacity of air transport. A meaningful analysis of the profile blocks shows the positive dynamics of bringing the requirements for flight operation in the civil aviation of Ukraine into compliance with the international requirements for aviation safety, the introduction of appropriate procedures for Ukrainian aviation enterprises and objects of aviation activity by incorporating the relevant directives and regulations of the European Union into the Air Code, Aviation Rules of Ukraine and other regulatory documents. The latter allowed Ukrainian air carriers that have a valid operator's certificate, issued in accordance with the requirements and procedures for flight operation in civil aviation, approved by the State Aviation Service of Ukraine, to continue unhindered passenger and cargo flights, including in EU countries, under martial law conditions and bans on the use of Ukrainian airspace by civil aircraft. A conclusion was drawn on the expediency of ensuring the further development, adoption and implementation of aviation rules of Ukraine in accordance with the standards and recommended practice of the International Civil Aviation Organization, regulations of the International Air Transport Association, the European Association for the Safety of Air Navigation ("Eurocontrol"), the European Aviation Safety Agency, others international aviation organizations and taking into account the legislation of the European Union in the field of civil aviation.

The Effect of Stress on Job Satisfaction: A Study on Pilots

Aviation is a form of transportation that is developing rapidly. The rapidly growing aviation sector has started to be preferred by people because it is advantageous compared to other modes of transportation in terms of both time and passenger comfort. As people prefer aircrafts more as a means of transportation, airline companies have started to grow, have placed new aircraft orders and continue to give. However, the most important issue that will never be compromised in the face of this rapid growth is undoubtedly flight safety. Studies have shown that, the human factor is around 70% is affected the accidents and incidents in aviation. For this reason, the human factor is important in aviation, and everything from the working hours of the employees, the time to spend on the way to and from work, and even the rest time, has become a rule by international aviation organizations. For this reason, in this thesis, it is aimed to measure the stress levels of pilots, which are one of the most important parts of the aviation industry, to observe how their inner world is in business life and also to measure how these levels affect pilots' job satisfaction. As a result of the research, a significant relationship was found between the stress levels of the pilots and their job satisfaction levels.

The subsidiary rule-making processes in international air law: current issues of theory and practice

INTRODUCTION.Within the context of the theory of ‘the concordance of the wills of States’ developed in the Russian doctrine of international law and on the basis of the contemporary practice of States and international aviation organizations (in particular, International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)) the author examines the subsidiary rule-making processes in international air law as the integral part of the whole rule-making process of this branch of international law.MATERIALS AND METHODS.The present research has been conducted on the basis of international air law treaties, the resolutions and documents of ICAO, as well as the works of Russian and foreign international law experts. The methodology of the research is based upon general scientific and special methods, including dialectical method, methods of analysis and synthesis, deduction and induction, comparative legal method.RESEARCH RESULTS.On the basis of his research the author has been able to achieve the following results: (1) detailed and precise classification of all acts, decisions and documents (including, in particular, numerous ICAO documents) concerning the activities of international civil aviation and adopted or approved within the framework of the subsidiary rule-making processes in international air law; (2) defining the practical importance of these subsidiary rule-making processes within the context of the whole rule-making process of international air law; (3) discovering current problems of the rule-making process in international air law and proposing possible ways of its improvements in view of the interests of the Russian Federation and international aviation community as a whole.DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS.After examination of the subsidiary rule-making processes currently existing in the international air law it can be concluded that these processes are rather dynamic and well take into account the contemporary development of global aviation and the interests of different States. At the same time, the recent trends within ICAO and other international aviation organizations towards simplification and acceleration of such rule-making processes by way of shifting many substantial provisions from mandatory into non-mandatory acts and documents or through limitation of the States’ participation in these processes can negatively affect the States’ interests, impede the achievement of universal uniformity in regulations, standards and procedures and, eventually, even jeopardize the global aviation safety.

The Sources of International Air Law: Current Issues of Theory and Practice

INTRODUCTION.Within the context of the theory of ‘the concordance of the wills of States’ developed in the Russian doctrine of international law and on the basis of the contemporary practice of States and international aviation organizations (in particular, International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)) the author examines the process of rule-making and the sources of international air law.MATERIALS AND METHODS.The present research has been conducted on the basis of international air law treaties, the ICAO documents, as well as the works of Russian and foreign international law experts. The methodology of the research is based upon general scientific and special methods, including dialectical method, methods of analysis and synthesis, deduction and induction, comparative legal method.RESEARCH RESULTS.On the basis of his research the author has been able to identify and systematize the present-day sources of international air law, i.e. the forms, in which the norms of this branch of interna- tional law exist. Theoretical and practical problems relating to the development and implementation of these sources of international air law have been examined.DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS.On the basis of the theory of ‘the concordance of the wills of States’ developed in the Russian doctrine of international law and the contemporary practice of States and international aviation organizations the following sources of international air law have been identified: (i) international treaties; (ii) international customs; (iii) ICAO international standards; (iv) Technical Instructions for the Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air. Each of these sources of international air law has been examined in detail both from the point of view of the rulemaking process and within the context of its role played in regulation of cooperation between States in the area of international civil aviation. In particular, the author shows the specific role in international air law of such traditional sources as international treaties and international customs. As for the international standards and the Technical Instructions for the Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air, they are described as special complex forms of creation of norms of international air law emerged as a result of rapid development of civil aviation in the second half of the 20th century and its transformation into the global passengers and cargo transportation network. Overall examination of the currently existing rule-making processes and sources of the international air law demonstrates that they are rather dynamic and well take into account the contemporary development of global aviation and the interests of different States.

MODEL OF FUNCTIONAL HAZARD ASSESSMENT IN AIR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT SYSTEM REGARDING INFORMATION SECURITY THREATS

The threat to information security for the air navigation service providers represents a potential violation of information security of the information infrastructure elements in the air traffic management system such as communications, navigation and surveillance equipment, and the information and telecommunication systems. Typically, a threat results from the presence of vulnerable components in the protection of information technology as part of air navigation service providers’ activity. Most of the approaches and techniques of international aviation organizations and best-practices of air navigation service providers are focused on developing risk methods and models regarding aviation safety. A well-known problem with aviation safety risk assessment is that it does not take into account the information and cyber security threats. The subject of the article is exploration of methods and models for risk assessment of air navigation service providers. The purpose is the development of model of functional hazard assessment and set of information security requirements for air navigation service providers. The proposed model of functional hazard assessment differs from the known by detailing of information security sphere. The software model of functional hazard assessment was developed via MATLAB Fuzzy Logic Toolbox. Practical significance is that the obtained results allow air navigation service providers to make better decisions regarding management systems maturity improvement.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on commercial airlines in the United States and implications for the kidney transplant community.

Many deceased-donor and living-donor kidney transplants (KTs) rely on commercial airlines for transport. However, the coronavirus-19 pandemic has drastically impacted the commercial airline industry. To understand potential pandemic-related disruptions in the transportation network of kidneys across the United States, we used national flight data to compare scheduled flights during the pandemic vs 1-year earlier, focusing on Organ Procurement Organization (OPO) pairs between which kidneys historically most likely traveled by direct flight (High Volume by direct Air transport OPO Pairs, HVA-OPs). Across the United States, there were 39% fewer flights in April 2020 vs April 2019. Specific to the kidney transportation network, there were 65.1% fewer flights between HVA-OPs, with considerable OPO-level variation (interquartile range [IQR] 54.7%-75.3%; range 0%-100%). This translated to a drop in median number of flights between HVA-OPs from 112 flights/wk in April 2019 to 34 in April 2020 (P<.001), and a rise in wait time between scheduled flights from 1.5hours in April 2019 (IQR 0.76-3.3) to 4.9hours in April 2020 (IQR 2.6-11.2; P<.001). Fewer flights and longer wait times can impact logistics as well as cold ischemia time; our findings motivate an exploration of creative approaches to KT transport as the impact of this pandemic on the airline industry evolves.

Developing training and qualification systems for airline workers to achieve a quality career

Purpose – This paper aims to evaluate the current status of training systems decided by international civil aviation organizations for the purpose of indicating the extent of their effectiveness in achieving the Quality of Working Life in airlines and air hospitality, and then to present a proposed scenario that modifies this situation in favor of increasing employee satisfaction rates. Design/methodology/approach- The Evaluative Descriptive Research was used in studying the current status of training systems at Egypt Air, and using the Deductive Method to design a proposed concept that would achieve a Quality of Working Life. Findings –The study came to accept the hypothesis that the proposed perception that is based on amending the current status of training systems works to achieve a Quality of Working Life with a large confidence rate and an explanatory force approaching 99% based on the responses of the research sample.

TRANSFORMATIONS OF CIVIL AVIATION IN UKRAINE IN THE 21ST CENTURY

Постановка проблеми. Цивільна авіація України відіграє суттєву роль в житті суспільства та на міжнародній арені. Вона виконує багатопланові функції – пасажиро- та вантажоперевезення, проведення авіаційних робіт в аграрному і лісному господарствах, надання медичної допомоги, здійснення пошуково-рятувальних операцій, пожежогасіння, будівельних робіт, культурно-спортивних заходів, наукових досліджень тощо. Наразі актуальним є об’єктивне висвітлення діяльності авіаційної галузі особливо у зв’язку з тим, що тут залишається чимало проблем, які створюють негативне враження про українську авіацію, уявлення про її занепад в сучасних умовах. Мета. Проаналізувати діяльність цивільної авіації України з початку ХХІ ст. до сьогодення і, застосовуючи проблемно-хронологічний метод, комплексно дослідити процеси трансформацій в авіаційній галузі за основними її функціональними напрямами та визначити їх характерні особливості. Акцентувати на інтеграції української авіаціі до європейського і світового авіаційного простору, тенденціях авіаперевезень, інноваціях в розвитку аеропортів і авіакомпаній, проблемах літакобудування різних типів повітряних суден та безпілотної авіації, підготовці авіафахівців в сучасних умовах. Результати: Нове ХХІ століття стало і новим етапом в розвитку цивільної авіації України, для якої, завдяки проведеним трансформаціям, характерним стала позитивна динаміка її зростання. В основному відбувався послідовний процес інтеграції вітчизняної авіації до міжнародних авіаційних організацій, активніше впроваджувалися стандарти та рекомендована практика ІКАО, зростали авіаперевезення. Застосовувалися інновації у літакобудуванні та галузевій інфраструктурі, посилювалася увага до проблем авіаційної безпеки і безпеки польотів, науково-технічних розробок, здійснювалися заходи щодо вирішення глобальних проблем, зокрема підвищення рівня екологічності авіаційного транспорту, якості підготовки авіафахівців тощо. Проте, маючи потужний потенціал в усіх сферах авіаційної галузі, він використовується з ряду зовнішніх і внутрішніх причин недостатньо, а вирішення існуючих проблем буде сприяти сталому розвитку як авіатранспортній галузі, економіки України, так і міжнародного співробітництва.

LANGUAGE IN PROFESSIONAL PREPARATION STRUCTURE IN THE AVIATION STAFF OF HIGHER EDUCATION

The article substantiates the significance of the English language for the efficient training of future specialists in the aviation industry. Author analyzed the documents that determine the necessity to learn English by various categories of future aviation specialists. Specifics of the content and methods of teaching English to students of the two categories of future professions are specified. The attention is paid to the content of the English language training materials that pertain to professional orientation. The paper considers the fact that the training of an interpreter capable of working in the field of civil aviation is carried out in aviation education institutions, using the subjects contained in the variable the curriculum for each specialty. Being involved in such practices, students get acquainted with international, European and Ukrainian civil aviation organizations; documents regulating their activities; study the terminology of ICAO; learn to professionally translate aviation texts; analyze methods and techniques related to dealing with terms and special phraseology that are required for aviation personnel. Author described methods of training students studying in higher aviation education institutions, who are taught in the English-language project. The specifics of teaching subjects in English are determined in accordance with the training strategies. The English language selected as the main mean of teaching students causes changes in the methodological provision of the educational process. With this in mind, it would be appropriate to add that the specifics of the organization regarding the training process in the conditions of the multicultural environment should be taken into account. The positive experience gained in the area of training is analyzed on the basis of working with students in the English-language project. In this regard, we develop some methods that help to enhance the level of methodological provision of training and the quality of vocational training.

Aviation Human Factors Related Industry News

Aviation Human Factors Related Industry News

Dönüştürücü Lider Özellikleri Taşıyan Emniyet Liderleri: Kavramsal Bir Çerçeve

The air transportation system which is the most preferred transportation system among others, delivers social, economic and cultural benefits to the society. But to get the expected benefits of aviation systems require the system to be safe. For this purpose, the safety management system has been adopted and enforced in the legislation of the international aviation organizations in order to increase the safety. But to set up the safety management system only for compliance, to see this system as a legitimat ion tool and set up the system by copying the other users‘ implications bring problems like unwillingness to implement, wrong understanding or of the system by employees, not internalization of the system and not to became a part oft he organizational culture. Studies show the importance of the leaders in overcoming these problems In this context, the study examined the relationship between transformational leadership and safety leadership by conducting a comprehensive literature review. The main purpose of the research is to establish a framework for how transformational leadership affects the safety performance of employees in aviation.

Not Your Granddaddy's Aviation Industry: The Need to Implement Cybersecurity Standards and Best Practices within the International Aviation Industry

The international aviation industry’s increased usage of technology has generated new cybersecurity concerns that cannot be ignored. The lack of a global cyber governance makes it difficult to enforce cybersecurity policies. An industry-wide, multistakeholder approach must be taken to develop international standards and best practices for assessing and managing cybersecurity risks. This paper will first address the impact cyber threats and attacks have had on the aviation industry. Next, it will explain how technologies like NextGen and aircraft wireless internet have made cybersecurity more vulnerable. Third, it will present the basic cybersecurity framework and analyze past attempts by international aviation organizations to execute cybersecurity risk management programs. Finally, it will offer better solutions to evaluate and handle cybersecurity risks in the international aviation industry and suggest that these solutions be combined. Both public sector and private sector support for international standards and best practices is required to significantly strengthen cybersecurity for the entire global aviation industry.