Internal Spacer Research Articles

Пространственно-морфологические принципы римских и византийских купольных храмовых сооружений в контексте культурно-мировозренческих парадигм

This article addresses the issue of space in the architecture of domed structures in Rome and Byzantium. The author identifies the dependence of spatial-architectural composition on the prevailing social worldview. This study reveals significant characteristics inherent in the morphology of domed religious buildings from the periods of the Roman Empire and Byzantine Empire, including early, middle, and late periods. The text examines the genesis of architectural forms of domed edifices in relation to shifts in societal worldview paradigms. Both the internal temple spaces and the external volumes of architectural masses in their interaction with the surrounding urban and natural environment are analyzed. The study examines the basic urban planning principles of the formation of urban spaces in connection with the changing social picture of the world. The aim of the study is to consider the basic urban planning principles of the formation of urban spaces in connection with the changing social picture of the world. As a result of the research, the article concludes that Roman and Byzantine architecture were phenomenal expressions of two diametrically opposed views of the world.

Peculiarities of functional and planning organisation of university libraries

A university library is something in which complex organisational processes take place, various functional areas are intertwined, and separate movement schedules coexist. If the library’s physical space does not provide appropriate conditions for individual and group work, quick and free access to information resources, or the possibility of using computers and copying equipment, such a library will be infrequently visited. All this determines the specifics of the library’s internal space organisation. To ascertain this, one needs to rethink its planning structure from the standpoint of possible functional development. That is why the essay’s objective is to highlight the main functional and planning elements of a modern library, the presence or absence of which directly affects the quality of its functioning.

СПЕЦИФІКА ФОРМУВАННЯ ІНРТЕР’ЄРУ УНІВЕРСАЛЬНОГО ЗАЛУ ФІЗИЧНОЇ РЕАБІЛІТАЦІЇ ДЛЯ ВІЙСЬКОВОСЛУЖБОВЦІВ

Today, in Ukraine, there are many problems in the field of modernization of the internal architectural space of health care institutions and the creation of specialized premises in new centers that will provide rehabilitation for military personnel in accordance with world standards. Despite the government's efforts to improve the level of medical services provided to military personnel, there is a noticeable shortage of rehabilitation centers, as well as a need to expand existing medical facilities. Today, the task of architects and designers is to create an aesthetic yet ergonomic interior space in universal halls for the physical recovery of military personnel. Several factors have been identified that influence the design of the interior of a physical rehabilitation hall for military personnel, including functional, aesthetic, natural-climatic, socio-psychological and physiological. Based on the study and analysis of existing physical rehabilitation halls for veterans abroad, recommendations for interior design were formulated: provision of free space around each element of equipment; maximizing the use of natural light; choosing pastel tones for wall finishes and using easily cleanable surfaces; organizing rehabilitation equipment by function and stages of recovery; the use of color contrast in the floor covering to indicate the direction of movement and the correct selection of the floor covering material, which does not create obstacles to movement with the help of equipment and does not wear out; including rest areas in the rehabilitation hall space; flexible planning with the option for occasional space partitioning; incorporating greenery into the recreation areas. Based on the conducted research, a design option for the interior design of the universal hall has been proposed.

РОЗВИТОК ТА КЛАСИФІКАЦІЯ ДИНАМІЧНОЇ АРХІТЕКТУРИ

This article presents a historical overview of the development of kinetic architecture starting from the 20th century. - the first attempts to implement the futuristic ideas of Thomas Hein, Angelo Invernitz, Buckminster Fuller Jon Friedman, Cedric Price. Two main reasons for the appearance of kinetic architecture are argued. This is the creation of a new architectural environment as a response to changes in the paradigm of world perception - a dynamic and adaptive to new needs environment using the latest computerized and mechanized systems and devices. The main theses and stages of the formation of kinetic architecture of the 1950s and 1960s are derived. In the article, examples of implemented objects are considered through the prism of the author's variant of dynamic architecture classification. The study proposes a new classification structure, the criteria of which are - methods of creating dynamics (true movement of parts of objects and visual illusion of movement); the size of moving elements (large and small elements), the function of dynamic elements (ensuring the optimal indoor microclimate, protection against adverse weather conditions, interactivity, ensuring energy efficiency, transformation of spaces) by the type of element transformation. The proposed classification system is an attempt to systematize the approach to understanding, development of dynamic architecture and its areas of application. The authors highlight the advantages and disadvantages of kinetic architecture. The advantages include: adaptability and flexibility of internal spaces, improvement of energy efficiency of buildings, improvement of interaction with a specific user, aesthetic appeal. Disadvantages include increased complexity of both design and construction, resulting in higher initial costs, additional maintenance costs and potential failures, limited adaptability to traditional architectural environments. Kinetic architecture (alternative term - dynamic) is a new direction that changes the approach to design and requires the involvement of specialists from various fields, and depends on new digital technologies, materials, the ability to integrate renewable sources into architecture. This is a very progressive direction, which sets before itself not only architectural and visual tasks, but also a complex of global problems of humanity to be solved.

Features of the representation of architectural space in the painting works of Giorgio de Chirico

This article describes the features of the depiction of architectural space in the paintings of the surrealist artist Giorgio de Chirico. In general terms, surrealism is described as an artistic style of the early twentieth century, its emergence, distinctive features and semantic tasks; The questions in relation to Giorgio de Chirico are examined in more detail: from what architectural objects and constituent elements is the urban space of his paintings formed, what objects are the main semantic parts, the general universal architectural model of the formation of such a space in de Chirico’s compositions is described. The article describes the semiotic structure used by the master, reveals the concept and meaning of the term “metaphysical painting”, ways of reading a surreal work of art, and the playful nature of the interaction between the artist and the viewer. The article analyzes in detail the methods and features of constructing the internal space of the metaphysical works of this master, showing the constituent elements, methods, techniques, and techniques for organizing the composition of the painting. The significance of the image of architectural space in de Chirico’s works on modern man and the use of his artistic experience in our time is described.

Wind-Induced Vibration Control of High-Rise Buildings with Double-Skin Façades Using Distributed Multiple Tuned Façade-Dampers-Inerters

To address the shortcomings of tuned mass dampers (TMD), such as excessive internal space occupation and overlarge physical mass, this paper proposes a tuned façade damper inerter (TFDI) that utilizes parts of the outer façades of double-skin façades (DSF) as damping mass, capitalizing on the lightweight and efficient characteristics of inerters. The TFDI effectively resolves the challenge of multi-layer connections of inerters in high-rise buildings by utilizing corridor space. By vertically distributing TFDIs, a distributed multiple TFDI (d-MTFDI) system is formed. The configuration and motion of equations of this system are presented, and the control effectiveness is validated using wind tunnel test data. Two tuning modes are further proposed: unified tuning mode and distributed tuning mode. For the unified tuning mode, analytical expressions for optimal tuning frequency and damping ratio are derived; for the distributed tuning mode, numerical optimization methods are employed to determine the optimal tuning frequency range and damping ratio. Comparative results indicate that the distributed tuning mode achieves higher control efficiency than the unified tuning mode, with a significant reduction in the required optimal damping ratio. Furthermore, comparisons with d-MTMD demonstrate that d-MTFDI significantly enhances wind-induced vibration control performance.

Topological defect-structured hydrogel membranes for high-efficiency permeation and selective separation

Biomass-derived hydrogel membranes that derived from natural polymers exhibit excellent anti-fouling properties, environmental sustainability, and molecular/ionic separation performance. However, their applications are significantly hindered by poor mechanical strength, excessive swelling behavior, and low permeation flux. In this study, we report the polymer structures featuring topological defects through the in-situ synthesis of copper oxychloride particles (CP, Cu2(OH)3Cl) within the hydrogel membranes. The functional hydrogel membrane, designated CP-CuCaAlg, was prepared using a strategy that modulates topological defects through secondary cross-linking. Not only does this approach enhances the mechanical and anti-swelling properties of the resulting membrane, it also increases the internal network spacing, thereby effectively overcoming the trade-off between the selective separation and permeation. The CP-CuCaAlg membrane exhibits exceptional dye/salt separation performance, achieving a dye rejection rate of approximately 99.0 % towards Coomassie Brilliant Blue (CBB) and Direct Red 23 (DR). Furthermore, the salt rejection rate for sodium chloride (NaCl) remains below 10.0 %, while the permeate flux achieves an impressive value of 57.63 L m-2h−1 bar−1. We anticipate that our hydrogel membranes featuring the topological defect structures and high separation efficiency will provide a promising option for the effective treatment of dye wastewater.

Study of Complex of AEDG Tetrapeptide with KRH Dendrimer at Two Different pH by Computer Simulation

In previous papers, we studied the behavior of lysine (Lys or K) based dendrimers of the second generation with repeating units KKK and KRR (i.e., with branched neutral lysine and charged double lysine or arginine (KK, RR) spacers). We also studied KLL, KAA, and KGG dendrimers with hydrophobic double leucine, alanine, and glycine (LL, AA, GG) spacers and pH-dependent KHH dendrimers with double histidine (HH) spacers. Their complexes with molecules of several medicinal peptides (including AEDG) were studied as well. It was shown that lysine dendrimers with charged spacers are suitable for the delivery of oppositely charged oligopeptides and genetic material, while dendrimers with hydrophobic internal spacers are good for the delivery of hydrophobic oligopeptides and fullerenes. In the present paper, we study complexes of molecules of AEDG peptide with KRH dendrimer containing arginine-histidine (RH) spacers. In this case, the amino acid residues in the spacer (R and H) of dendrimer are different, and the charge of the H residue depends on pH. We performed molecular dynamics simulations of the complexation of 16 AEDG molecules with a dendrimer at two different pHs: a) KRH at pH>7 with fully uncharged histidines (H) and b) KRHp at pH<5 with fully protonated (Hp) histidines in aqueous solution with explicit counterions. It was found that the dendrimer with protonated histidines forms a more compact complex. KRHp dendrimer can also carry more AEDG tetrapeptide molecules than KRH.

Accelerated Ion-Electron Transport in Bi-Heterostructures Constructed Based on Ohmic Contacts for Efficient Bi-Directional Catalysis of Lithium-Sulfur Batteries.

Although lithium-sulfur batteries have satisfactory theoretical specific capacity and energy density, they are difficult to further commercialize due to the shuttle effect of soluble polysulfides and slow sulfur oxidation kinetics. Based on this, in this work, the catalyst MXene-VS4-SnS2 (MVS), a dual heterostructured catalyst with ohmic contacts, is prepared by a one-step hydrothermal method and electrostatic self-adsorption for lithium-sulfur battery cathode materials. Experimental and theoretical results show that the ohmic contact induces spontaneous charge rearrangement, resulting in the formation of a fast charge transfer pathway at the MVS heterojunction interface, which helps to reduce the energy barrier for polysulfide reduction and Li2S oxidation during the discharge/charge process. In addition, the inherent sulfophilicity of VS4 and SnS2 promotes the conversion of S species, while the pleated MXene nanosheets not only provide a highly conductive network for the active sulfur but also retain a rich internal space to maintain the integrity of the cathode structure during the continuous cycling process. As a result, the MVS cathode exhibits excellent electrochemical performance even under high sulfur loading. The integration of excellent performance with a facile synthesis process provides a promising approach for designing highly efficient electrocatalysts suitable for the energy field.

Internal adaptation assessment of implant infrastructures manufactured through five different techniques (heat-press, milling, lost wax, calcinable cylinder, and CAD/Waxx®): an in vitro pilot study

IntroductionThe aim of this study was to evaluate the fit performance of implant infrastructures manufactured by five different techniques: heat-press (IPS), milling (ZIR), lost wax (CER), calcinable cylinder (CAL), and CAD/Waxx® (CAD).MethodsThe methodology was based on the Replica Technique, which can simulate and evaluate the fit of the infrastructure on the implant component. Thus, each infrastructure was internally filled with low-viscosity silicone addition and seated on the component until its final setting, obtaining the replica of the cementation space. After removing the coping containing the silicone film, light-density silicone was inserted addition in place of the components, and in its surroundings, condensation silicone was applied, establishing support for the assembly. The joint was sectioned mesiodistally, photographed, and analyzed in image processing software in order to measure the thickness of the interface infrastructure/implant at five different areas: marginal opening (M), gingival-axial angle (G-A), axial region (A), axial-occlusal angle (A-O) and occlusal surface (O).ResultsThe lowest and the highest average thickness between groups was, respectively, IPS: 187.5 μm and CAD: 221.6 μm, with statistically significant differences (p < 0.01) among all five groups; the lowest and the highest average of all groups in each point was, respectively, A: 99.86 μm and O: 279.78 μm. The IPS group exhibited the lowest value of the internal space of the infrastructure on the implant. The marginal region of all groups demonstrated a correlation with the findings in the literature, except the CAL group; otherwise, the occlusal region and the angles A-O and G-A exhibited values beyond that expected.DiscussionIt was possible to conclude that the five infrastructure groups presented different adaptations, suggesting possible interference in the internal spaces due to the manufacturing infrastructure processes.

Phenotypic and molecular characterization of Prototheca wickerhamii from a Brazilian case of human systemic protothecosis.

The genus Prototheca (alga) comprises a unique group of achlorophyllic saprotrophic and mammalian pathogen species. Despite its rare occurrence in humans and animals, protothecosis is considered an emerging clinical entity with relevance in immunocompromised patients. In this study, the characterization of spherical structures with endospores recovered from a blood culture in an HIV patient was investigated using phenotypic and molecular methodologies. On 2% Sabouraud dextrose agar, the isolate displayed morphological and biochemical characteristics found on isolates identified as Prototheca wickerhamii. To validate these analyses, molecular phylogeny of the internal transcript space (ITS) partial gene confirmed the identity of the isolate as P. wickerhamii. This is the first case of systemic human protothecosis in Brazil. The present case of human Prototheca and those reported in the medical literature highlight the need for novel methodologies to identify pathogenic algae in the clinical laboratory, improving in this way the diagnosis and treatment of this group of neglected pathogens.

Analysis of modeling nasal narrow space based on visual slam

Abstract. Now, surgeries are becoming more stable, safe, efficient and low-cost. During the surgical treatment of nasal diseases, surgical robotic robotics can help operate accurately and reduce the discomfort after surgery. However, due to the internal space of the nasal cavity being relatively narrow, it is difficult for the nasal surgical robot to contain multiple vision sensors and the monocular camera could not get information about the depth of the 3D objects in the scene, so the existing surgical robots cannot accomplish the three-dimensional modeling about the internal space of nasal cavity well. In practice, doctors still have to analyze pictures from the robotic, which may decrease the efficiency of the surgery and increase the risk to patients. This article designed a SLAM algorithm framework based on a depth estimation network, it can simulate the internal structure of the nasal cavity more accurately through pictures, which come from monocular endoscopic on surgical robotic. The insights gained in this study verify that the method of image segmentation can also make the depth representation of the nasal internal space more accurate and this method may help robots realize their self-position in the narrow area of the nasal cavity, which lays the foundations for the development of fully autonomous surgical robots.

Распространение христианства в Абхазии в позднеантичный и средневековый периоды по данным пространственного анализа памятников в ГИС

The article is devoted to the analysis of the spatial location of temples in Abkhazia and reconstruction based on the results of the ways of penetration and spread of Christianity in different chronological stages: the period of late antiquity and the first penetration of Christianity into the territory of Colchis (IV–V centuries); the period of maximum Byzantine influence in the era of Justinian the Great and the period that following it (VI–VII centuries)—the period traditionally considered the stages of the official adoption of Christianity in Abkhazia; and the period of the maximum flourishing of the Abkhazian kingdom. The analysis is carried out on the basis of a GIS created by the authors, according to field surveys, including 149 temples. The conducted spatial analysis allowed us to answer the questions of how quickly Christianity began to spread across the territory of Abkhazia, which areas turned out to be the most susceptible to the new religion. It was traditionally believed that Christianity entered Abkhazia with the Roman military, through the fortresses of the Pontic Limes, built along the coast. However, the analysis showed that the trade caravan routes were also an important way of spreading Christianity. For the same reason, we see several hotbeds both in the west of the republic and in the east. But in the center, where the Bzyb ridge blocks access to the main passageways, traditional religion has been preserved for longer, almost two centuries. This factor influenced the spread of Christianity in the subsequent period. In general, the Justinian period was characterized by a significant increase in the number of churches, on the one hand, the standardization of its external form, on the other, and on the third, the complication of the liturgical service, which was reflected in the more complex organization of the internal space of churches. In the subsequent period, these trends are intensifying. Separate architectural schools are emerging. Thus, the spatial analysis of both the location of temples and the distribution of certain architectural features in space reflect the processes of Christianization and development of the Church, which was not reflected in written sources.

Evaluation of the Activity of Triazoles Against Non-fumigatus Aspergillus and Cryptic Aspergillus Species Causing Invasive Infections Tested in the SENTRY Program.

The activity of isavuconazole and other triazoles against non-fumigatus (non-AFM) Aspergillus causing invasive aspergillosis was evaluated. A total of 390 non-AFM isolates were collected (1/patient) in 2017-2021 from 41 hospitals. Isolates were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry and/or internal spacer region/β-tubulin sequencing and tested by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) broth microdilution. CLSI epidemiological cutoff values were applied, where available. Isavuconazole showed activity against Aspergillus sections Flavi (n = 122; minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC]50/90, 0.5/1 mg/L), Terrei (n = 57; MIC50/90, 0.5/0.5 mg/L), Nidulantes (n = 34; MIC50/90, 0.12/0.25 mg/L), Versicolores (n = 7; MIC50, 1 mg/L), and Circumdati (n = 2; MIC range, 0.12-2 mg/L). Similar activity was displayed by other triazoles against those Aspergillus sections. Most of the isolates from Aspergillus sections Fumigati (n = 9), Nigri (n = 146), and Usti (n = 12) exhibited elevated MIC values to isavuconazole (MIC50/90, 2/-, 2/4, and 2/8 mg/L), voriconazole (MIC50/90, 2/-, 1/2, and 4/8 mg/L), itraconazole (MIC50/90, 2/-, 2/4, and 8/>8 mg/L), and posaconazole (MIC50/90, 0.5/-, 0.5/1, and >8/>8 mg/L), respectively. Isavuconazole was active (MIC values, ≤1 mg/L) against Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus tamarii, Aspergillus nomius, Aspergillus nidulans, Aspergillus unguis, Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus alabamensis, and Aspergillus hortai, while isavuconazole MIC values between 2 and 8 mg/L were observed against cryptic isolates from Aspergillus section Fumigati. Isavuconazole inhibited 96.1% of Aspergillus niger and 80.0% of Aspergillus tubingensis at ≤4 mg/L, the CLSI wild-type cutoff value for A niger. Voriconazole, itraconazole, and posaconazole showed similar activity to isavuconazole against most cryptic species. Isavuconazole exhibited potent in vitro activity against non-AFM; however, the activity of triazoles varies among and within cryptic species.

Lithium disilicate, full coverage crowns: what is the effect of using conventional impressions compared to digital impression with respect to the internal fit of the restoration? A systematic review.

Digital dentistry provides an alternative to fabrication of crowns. This systematic review focuses on the accuracy of the mean internal space of lithium disilicate crowns when comparing intraoral scanning to conventional impressions. Ovid Medline, Cochrane and PUBMED were searched and the review protocol followed the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) (CRD42023379908) and guided by The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Cohen Kappa coefficient confirmed the agreement of data. The revised Cochrane Risk of Bias tool was utilised to evaluate randomised controlled trials The Methodological Index for non-randomised controlled trials. Of the six in vivo studies, three concluded that digital techniques improved the internal fit over their conventional counterparts. Two found that there was no significant difference and one indicated that digital technique resulted in an inferior internal fit. Of the eight in vitro studies, two concluded digital techniques to be superior, two found digital techniques to be inferior and four found no significant difference. Significant heterogeneity between studies limits the potential any systematic review of the internal fit of dental crowns when comparing conventional and optical impressions. This systematic review indicates digital methodology is comparable to that of conventional impressions.

Artistic Practice of Urban Renewal

With the acceleration of urbanization, the transformation and regeneration of old industrial areas have become an important issue in urban renewal. As a typical project in this context, the renovation of Taizhou Fanxing Sports Science and Technology Park is not only to rebuild the environmental landscape of the old factory, but also to comprehensively improve the urban function, spatial layout, ecological environment and regional cultural connotation. The purpose of this paper is to elaborate three innovative strategies in the transformation of Taizhou Fanxing Sports Science and Technology Park, namely, the use of design color and landscape integration, the multifunctional utilization of internal space, and the promotion and operation of industrial park design IP, in order to provide useful reference and inspiration for the practice of similar projects.

Estimation of Strawberry Canopy Volume in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle RGB Imagery Using an Object Detection-Based Convolutional Neural Network.

Estimating canopy volumes of strawberry plants can be useful for predicting yields and establishing advanced management plans. Therefore, this study evaluated the spatial variability of strawberry canopy volumes using a ResNet50V2-based convolutional neural network (CNN) model trained with RGB images acquired through manual unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) flights equipped with a digital color camera. A preprocessing method based on the You Only Look Once v8 Nano (YOLOv8n) object detection model was applied to correct image distortions influenced by fluctuating flight altitude under a manual maneuver. The CNN model was trained using actual canopy volumes measured using a cylindrical case and small expanded polystyrene (EPS) balls to account for internal plant spaces. Estimated canopy volumes using the CNN with flight altitude compensation closely matched the canopy volumes measured with EPS balls (nearly 1:1 relationship). The model achieved a slope, coefficient of determination (R2), and root mean squared error (RMSE) of 0.98, 0.98, and 74.3 cm3, respectively, corresponding to an 84% improvement over the conventional paraboloid shape approximation. In the application tests, the canopy volume map of the entire strawberry field was generated, highlighting the spatial variability of the plant's canopy volumes, which is crucial for implementing site-specific management of strawberry crops.

Study on the Dynamic Crushing Behaviors of Hourglass Honeycomb Sandwich Panels

In response to the problem of enclosed internal spaces in existing honeycomb sandwich panels, the concept of an hourglass honeycomb sandwich panel model is proposed for the first time, which provides a breakthrough approach for achieving the multifunctional integration of honeycomb sandwich panels. Numerical simulation methods are employed to investigate the dynamic performance of the hourglass honeycomb sandwich panels. The focus is on discussing the influences of the geometric parameters on the deformation mode, dynamic response, load uniformity, and energy absorption capacity of the hourglass honeycomb sandwich panel under different impact velocity conditions. The research results indicate that under low-velocity-impact conditions, the influence of the geometric parameters is predominant. In contrast, under high-velocity-impact conditions, the influence of the impact velocity conditions is predominant. Hourglass honeycomb sandwich panels with low density, a large inclination angle of the honeycomb wall, and small contact distances between the hourglass honeycomb cell and the panel have excellent load uniformity, and the distances between the contact points of the hourglass honeycomb cell and the panel have a great influence on the energy absorption capacity of the sandwich panels. This study provides a theoretical basis for the application of honeycombs in aerospace and other engineering areas.

Building a model of oil tank water cooling in the case of fire

The object of this study is the process of liquid combustion in spillage, and the subject is the temperature distribution along the wall of a vertical steel tank when it is heated under the thermal influence of fire and cooled by water. A system of equations describing the water cooling of the wall of a vertical steel tank under the conditions of the thermal effect of a fire spilling a flammable liquid has been constructed. The system consists of a heat balance equation for the tank wall, a heat balance equation for the water film flowing over the wall, and a mass balance equation for the water film. The equations take into account the radiative heat exchange with the flame, the environment, the internal space of the tank, as well as the convective heat exchange with the surrounding air, the vapor-air mixture, and the liquid inside the tank, as well as between the water film and the wall. The joint solution to the system of equations makes it possible to determine the temperature distribution along the tank wall and the water film at an arbitrary time point, as well as to determine the thickness and flow rate of the water film at a certain point. The finite difference method was used to solve the system of heat and mass balance equations. It is shown that the insufficient intensity of water supply for cooling leads to boiling of water from the film, as a result of which the wall temperature in such areas can reach 300 °C. A delay in the supply of water, even with sufficient intensity, could lead to the establishment of a film-like mode of boiling. In such a situation, the water film is thrown away from the wall, as a result of which the part of the wall below the film boiling zone remains without cooling. The practical significance of the built model is the possibility of determining the necessary intensity of water supply for cooling the tank and the limit time for the start of cooling

المعنى المشترك وجماليات الخطاب في التصميم الداخلي

Designers seek to create a design product that is dialogic and communicative with the largest number of segments of society, with visual formations that prepare for a spatial environment that is distinguished by intellectual richness and seeks to communicate with minds. Then, the design represents a visual discourse that influences the recipient, as an intentional message that reaches his imagination with its idea, including the aesthetic meanings inherent in it, and what its intellectual and semantic content carries, the aim of which is to reach a common meaning between the designer and the recipient so that the designer can lead the recipient's behavior according to the ideas presented by the design. Therefore, the research problem was formulated with the following question: "Is interior design concerned with visual formations to highlight formal values that aim to improve the aesthetic taste through the visual reception system of the recipient only, or is it an ideology that indicates that these formations are more than just what the eye sees because of their connection to the shared latent meaning between the designer and the recipient, which is reflected in the nature of collective behavior?" The research aimed to "reveal the data of the aesthetic image of the formal discourse by translating the latter into an internal space that gives the recipient interpretations that are in harmony with what the designer is going for as a directed message with intent and meaning." The research came out with a set of conclusions, the most important of which are: The design product constitutes a message with a clear meaning when it is a reflection of the social, cultural, material and geographical environment of the design context through the aesthetic formations of the design discourse, and that the reception mechanism is not destined to succeed unless the designer has a specific idea that reflects the privacy of society and the identity of the place through what the design broadcasts in order to obtain a clear and easy response from the recipient and decipher the symbols of the discourse and enjoy its connotations and goals.