This paper focuses on the cross-border e-commerce export trade of China’s agricultural products, and analyzes the current situation and problems of cross-border e-commerce export trade of agricultural products in the Shandong Province of China. It was found that there are some problems in the cross-border e-commerce export trade of agricultural products in Shandong Province, such as lagging construction of a cross-border e-commerce platform, high cost of cross-border logistics, shortage of compound cross-border e-commerce talents, quality certification, standardization issues of cross-border e-commerce agricultural products, and related service supervision of cross-border e-commerce of agricultural products. Countermeasures are put forward to promote the integration and development of cross-border e-commerce and traditional industries, establish an international logistics system adapted to the development of cross-border e-commerce, train and introduce high-end talents of cross-border e-commerce, strengthen the quality standardization and brand building of cross-border e-commerce agricultural products, and improve the mechanism of tax supervision, and rights and interests protection related to cross-border e-commerce agricultural products. This will provide a theoretical basis for future research on related topics, provide a theoretical basis for the export form of cross-border e-commerce of agricultural products in Shandong Province, and also provide a basis for cross-border e-commerce of agricultural products in other provinces of China.