Integrated Safety System Research Articles

Experimental Analysis on Safety System of a Simulated Small Scale Pressurized Water Reactor System with Intelligent Control

Reactors are widely used in the nuclear power plant due to the rapid demand for electricity by reducing the greenhouse effect. However, the effectiveness of the nuclear reactor depends on an adequate safety system. Hence, temperature and heat transfer are two critical parameters for any reactor in operation for which intelligent temperature control with an integrated safety system is essential. Therefore, the present study has emphasized the development of a simulated small-scale water-based reactor with intelligent control and safety system and examined through the analysis of thermal-hydraulic parameters. Radial heat transfer of an electric rod used as fuel in the primary circuit has been analyzed by taking sensor reading in various positions of the core. The developed system is self-controlled with all possible active and passive safety systems. Consecutively, the prototype has also been designed including manual adjustment to ensure a fail-safe environment. The system is capable to operate at temperatures between 80°C and 120°C, although the design can withstand up to 200°C. The data of the experiment are taken under the pressure of 200 kPa at 120°C temperature. Results show that heat output of 2116.09 kJ has been obtained from the system against heat input of 2514.80 kJ, which gives an efficiency around 16% of the developed system.

Avigilon compact camera’s test for integrated safety system within airport security

The article presents an experimental exploration of the selected technical features of the Avigilon 2.0C-H4A-BO1-IR Compact Zoom Camera with IR Adaptive Illumination. The article describes the purpose, procedure, and results of the motion detection verification, as well as the identification of motion detection errors, using Avigilon's investigated camera, to the distance of guaranteed recognition capability in specific daylight conditions that determines video analysis. This article constitutes the first part of the internal research activity of the Department of Flight Preparation - pre-research, for the design of an integrated mobile airport security system. For safety reasons, the testing was performed near the airport and not at the airport. The test sample was obtained by using the Avigilon 2.0C-H4A-BO1-IR camera located 8 meters above the ground level in the direction of the selected perimeter of the "protected area" for the experiment. The movement in the space was made by people and the passage of motor vehicles at a distance that was less than the distance guaranteed by the camera's recognition capability in the specific daylight conditions. The movement of persons and motor vehicles was generally performed perpendicular to the position of the camera, left to right, and/or back. The speed of movement of people was, as a rule, an average walking speed of 1m/s, the motor vehicles ranging up to 40km /h. Identification of motion detection errors is important for corrections of the prepared information model of security risk assessment of a protected object based on the fuzzy logic to support the airport security management decisions, as well as for finding a technical solution to eliminate these camera vulnerabilities, or selecting and testing another camera for our mobile technology platform. The results advance our theoretical knowledge and have a praxeological significance for the creation of a technological demonstrator and subsequently a prototype of a smart mobile airport security system. Institutions responsible for the protection of state borders, the fight against illegal migration, smuggling of goods, etc. are also interested in mobile security solutions.

Effects of grape and pomegranate waste extracts on poultry carcasses microbial, chemical, and sensory attributes in slaughterhouse.

Contamination of poultry carcasses is considered as a critical point in the evaluation of poultry meat safety. The present study aimed at determining the decontamination effects of natural antimicrobial derived from grape waste extract and pomegranate waste extract (GWE and PWE) on poultry carcasses in a slaughterhouse. Poultry carcasses were treated in chiller with concentrations of 0, 2, 4 and 6% of pomegranate and grape waste extracts. Pomegranate and grape waste extracts contained 432.20 and 328.43 mg GAE/g total phenolic compounds. These extracts showed significant antimicrobial effect on the main poultry bacteria in vitro. On the first day of cold storage, significant reduction in total bacterial counts (p < .05) was observed in treated carcasses. After 3 days of storage time, total bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli reduced significantly (p < .05) compared to untreated samples. At sixth and ninth days of storage time, significant reduction in total volatile nitrogen (TVN), total bacteria counts, Staphylococcus aureus, coliforms, and Escherichia coli were observed. Sensory attributes in treated carcasses with PWE and GWE have been enhanced significantly compared to untreated during acceptable shelf time (p < .05). Based on the results, pomegranate and grape waste extracts can be used to preserve and improve the shelf life of the poultry carcasses close to the standard range until the ninth day of storage. Application of pomegranate and grape waste extracts in slaughterhouse could be considered as an environmentally, natural and safe decontamination intervention in integral food safety system.

An Integrated Dynamic Fall Protection and Recovery System for Two-Wheeled Humanoids

Robots face the eventuality of falling. Unplanned events, external disturbances and technical failures may lead a robot to a condition where even an effective dynamic stabilization is not sufficient to maintain the equilibrium. Therefore, it is essential to equip robotic platforms with both active and passive fall protection means to minimize damages, and enable the recovery and restart without physical human intervention. This work introduces a method to design an integrated safety system for two-wheeled humanoids. As a case study, the method is applied to a robot and experimentally tested under several conditions corresponding to different causes of robot instability, such as motor jamming, external disturbances, and sudden shut-down.

A Novel Extension for e-Safety Initiative Based on Developed Fusion of Biometric Traits

Safety is one of the central elements of society functioning. The eSafety aims at increasing road safety through the use of intelligent integrated safety systems. This article presents the concept and PCB implementation of an on-board compact eCall device that can be installed at the owners' request in a used vehicle. The prototype includes accident and rollover detection, passenger detection, and GSM communication with the eCall PSAP service center. Two accident detection algorithms are implemented: the first relates to the collision detection based on exceeding the threshold of acceleration using an accelerometer to measure the dynamic force caused by movement and the gravity force, the second - the rollover detection based on exceeding the threshold of the vehicle angle of inclination using data coming from the accelerometer and a gyroscope. The prototype was tested in eight different test scenarios using laboratory accident simulators as well as during driving. The proposed solution of passenger detection is based on images coming from a built-in 360° view camera. In the authors' approach the obtained images were transformed into linear ones and subject to subsequent operations - initial processing, object detection and redundant detection filtering. The authors utilize biometric methods in object detection such as Viola-Jones and Single Shot MultiBox Detector for face localization, and You Look Only Once for whole body detection. An additional testing mechanism for passenger detection are seat pressure pads that are independent of camera detection. All necessary sensors and communication components verified by practical experiments have been integrated on the custom designed motherboard with the NVIDIA Jetson Nano processing module installed. The tests confirmed the performance is sufficient for rapid accident detection, real-time image analysis and all mandatory eCall communication functions. Results of experiments were promising, providing high accident and passenger detection rates.

Забезпечення економічної безпеки на підприємствах морського транспорту

The article considers the economic security of port enterprises, which is an integral part of the development of these enterprises, the basis for improving the quality and competitiveness of port services. The following main areas were identified, changes in which significantly affect the deve-lopment of maritime transport, and which must be taken into account in the formation and implementation of the national maritime policy of Ukraine and the development strategy of individual enterprises in the maritime sector. Having analyzed all types of functional components of the integrated safety system of maritime transport enterprises, and taking into account significant features in the specifics of indivi-dual facilities (ports, shipping companies and coastal enterprises), the proposed classification of water safety threats in terms of three major water transport facilities separately, exposed to threats and dangers: economic security of coastal facilities and shore personnel, navigable economic security, port economic security. The peculiarities of ensuring maritime safety are the presence of a list of threats associated with the specifics of the operational activities of maritime transport enterprises. Factors in the organization of economic security relate to the functionality of its organizational and institutional support. Most of the existing approaches to solving the issues of economic security of the enterprise allowed to choose the most optimal set of principles of management of the economic security system: the principle of complexity, the principle of confidentiality provides, the principle of coordination and coherence of the enterprise. This study focuses on economic levers that are directly related to tracking and eliminating threats. Economic methods direct the implementation of the mechanism to reduce resource consumption, increase the profile and efficiency. Thus, increasing the profile is due to additional profits, reducing resource intensity − by optimizing resources and reducing costs when moving from a lower level of economic security profile to higher, efficiency increases when reducing resource intensity, as well as by increasing effects. Having analyzed all types of functional components of the integrated security system of maritime transport enterprises, and taking into account significant features in the specifics of individual facilities (ports, shipping companies and coastal enterprises), we propose to consider the classification of water transport security threats in terms of three major water transport facilities separately exposed to threats and dangers: economic security of coastal facilities and shore personnel, navigable economic security, port economic security. Thus, the peculiarities of maritime safety are the presence of a list of threats associated with the specifics of the operational activities of maritime transport enterprises. Factors in the organization of economic security relate to the functionality of its organizational and institutional support. The implementation of economic security requires from the maritime industry such qualities as reliability, flexibility and quality. These enterprises are becoming part of the system, which as a whole is a subject of competition, therefore, to ensure the competitiveness of the whole system, the enterprises of the maritime industry must provide an increasing range of services.

OPTIMALISASI PERLINDUNGAN KONSUMEN PANGAN INDUSTRI RUMAH TANGGA MELALUI PENGUATAN SISTEM KEAMANAN PANGAN TERPADU

&lt;div class="page" title="Page 1"&gt;&lt;div class="layoutArea"&gt;&lt;div class="column"&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;This study further examines the previous research that has formulated an integrated food safety system development model in realizing the optimal implementation of PIRT product distribution licenses. With the socio-legal research approach method, it does not only examine normative matters, but also data collection in the field through comprehensive observation and interviews with related parties and is analyzed qualitatively. What is more emphasized from the results of this study is focused on aspects of the embodiment of consumer food consumer protection in the home industry through strengthening synergistic and integrated food security systems. BasedonLawNumber18Year2012concerningfood,alegalchannelis opened for consumers to claim compensation when they suffer losses due to consuming food that causes harm to it, along with the circulation of food that does not meet health requirements namely, safe, quality, and nutritious so that can cause harm to consumers. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Integrated Safety System based on IoT

Integrated Safety System based on IoT

교육공간의 통합안전시스템 구축을 위한 드론 기반 시뮬레이션

본 연구에서는 드론 순찰 기능을 통하여 교육공간 및 교육현장 주변에서 자주 발생하는 교통안전 사고에 대응하기 위하여 드론을 활용한 교통안전사고 통합안전시스템을 설계하였다. 드론 기반 안전시스템은 CCTV 영상과 드론을 이용한 사고 예방 알고리즘과 이벤트 발생 후 최적 대응을 위한 시뮬레이션 기능으로 구성되었다. 드론의 순찰 안전성 확보를 위하여 충돌 회피 알고리즘을 적용하였으며 드론 간 충돌 예방을 위한 유니티 기반의 가상 시뮬레이터를 구현하였다. 또한, 학교의 등 · 하교 시간에 촬영된 영상을 이용하여 시뮬레이션한 결과들은 실시간으로 학교관계자, 경찰서, 소방서와 연계할 수 있도록 설계하였다.

Implant clarification : Management in clinical practice

The increasing number of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations and the increasing number of medical implants lead to an ever-increasing expenditure in implant research, which as a consequence is becoming more time and resource consuming. This review article provides guidelines for optimized implant clarification in clinical practice by means of patient interrogation and the incorporation of implant databases. The technical background of implant interactions is discussed and an outlook on new integrated MRI safety systems is given. The optimization of the implant clarification process integrated into the clinical workflow avoids undesired MRI interactions and enables a safe and economic working procedure for patients.

A validation sensor based on carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic for early activation of automotive occupant restraint systems

Abstract. In the automotive industry, sensors and sensor systems are one of the most important components in upcoming challenges like highly automated and autonomous driving. Forward-looking sensors (radar, lidar and cameras) have the technical capability to already provide important (pre-)crash information, such as the position of contact, relative crash velocity and overlap (width of contact) before the crash occurs. Future safety systems can improve crash mitigation with sophisticated vehicle safety strategies based on this information. One such strategy is an early activation of restraint systems compared with conventional passive safety systems. These integrated safety systems consist of a combination of predictive forward-looking sensors and occupant restraint systems (airbags, belt tensioners, etc.) to provide the best occupant safety in inevitable crash situations. The activation of the restraint systems is the most critical decision process and requires a very robust validation system to avoid false activation. Hence, the information provided by the forward-looking sensor needs to be highly reliable. A validation sensor is required to check the plausibility of crucial information from forward-looking sensors used in integrated safety systems for safe automated and autonomous driving. This work presents a CFRP-based (carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic) validation sensor working on the principle of change in electrical resistance when a contact occurs. This sensor detects the first contact, gives information on impact position (where the contact occurs) and provides information on the overlap. The aim is to activate the vehicle restraint systems at near T0 (time of first contact). Prototypes of the sensor were manufactured in house and manually and were evaluated. At first, the sensor and its working principle were tested with a pendulum apparatus. In the next stage, the sensor was tested in a real crash test. The comparison of the signals from the CFRP-based sensor with presently used crash sensors in the vehicle highlights its advantages. The crash event can be identified at 0.1 ms after the initial contact. The sensor also provides information on impact position at 1.2 ms and enables a validation of the overlap development. Finally, a possible algorithm for the vehicle safety system using forward-looking sensors with a validation sensor is described.

Standardisation of maglev transportation systems in Russia

Existing regulatory framework in Russia does not include a full set of rules and standards needed, as the main document is absent – Safety Regulations Governing Maglev Transportation Systems. However, in this case the Russian Legislation provides for development and application of a special document, namely Special Technical Conditions (STC). These technical safety requirements to a capital construction object, that include either supplementary technical conditions to those which have not been set yet or are lacking in terms of safety, as well as deviations for the set requirements. Using the international and national experience, the authors and their colleagues have designed nine STC for MLTS. These are “General Design Requirements”, “Guideway”, “Substructure, Artificial Structures, Junctions and Crossings”, “Terminals, Intermediate Stations, Maintenance Facilities and Buildings”, “Propulsion and Power Supply System”, “Train Control System”, “Communication Systems”, “Vehicles”, “Integrated Safety System”. Also, as a result of the study, the English-Russian (Russian-English) MLTS Explanatory Dictionary was compiled.

Integrated safety system for workers and traffic in railway transport

The safety and stability of the transportation process in railway transport is provided by a set of various measures. However, violations, incidents and accidents continue to occur, causing significant damage to workers, infrastructure, natural environment, and population. The relevance of the study is determined by the need of finding ways to prevent this damage and reduce the socio-economic and environmental costs. The purpose of the study is the development of an integrated safety system for traffic and workers in railway transport. A set of theoretical and experimental research methods has been applied: physical, simulation and computer modeling; statistics, theory of probability and others. The main result of the development is a complex system of interrelated units: “Sphere of activity”; “Qualification of personnel”; “The required level of work”; “Rating of danger”; “Optimization and technical and economic assessment of company costs”. Requirements for an information management system were developed for the holding company “Russian Railways”. This system allows personal accounting of the qualifications of employees (over 900 thousand) in the main areas of activity: ensuring traffic safety; occupational safety and health; transport, industrial, fire and electrical safety; protection in emergency situations. The project of the normative and technical document regulating the corresponding changes is substantiated. On the basis of theoretically processed experimental material, the expected development efficiency was established: 8-10%.

Data Processing Features in the Intellectual Integrated Security System of Objects and Territories

В работе представлена интеллектуальная интегрированная система безопасности, предназначенная для обеспечения комплексной безопасности объектов и территорий и представляющая собой сложный программно-технический комплекс, состоящий из различных подсистем безопасности и мониторинга. Приведены основные принципы создания и практические подходы к построению системы. На основе вышеуказанных принципов впервые сформулированы принципы создания интегрированных систем безопасности (ИИСБ) КВО и ПОО, легшие в основу Единых требований к проектированию и созданию интегрированных систем безопасности в виде комплекса технических средств, предназначенных для управления различными устройствами ИИСБ. Данные требования, обладающие информационной, технической, эксплуатационной и программной совместимостью, легли в основу ГОСТ Р 56875-2016 «Информационные технологии системы безопасности комплексные и интегрированные. Типовые требования к архитектуре и технологиям интеллектуальных систем мониторинга для обеспечения безопасности предприятий и территорий». Поскольку практическая реализации системы безопасности на объектах и территориях во многом зависит от компетентности информированности должностных лиц, имеющих отношение к вопросам обеспечения безопасности, в целях решения данной проблемы авторами статьи предлагается ряд положений - практических подходов к построению интеллектуальной интегрированной системы безопасности ИИСБ-4D. Данные подходы послужили основой для разработки очередного проекта ГОСТ РФ «Интегрированные интеллектуальные системы мониторинга и обеспечения безопасности распределенных объектов, предприятий и территорий. Архитектура и общие технические требования к оборудованию и программным средствам интегрированных систем обеспечения безопасности», прошедшего окончательную экспертизу в техническом комитете и направленного на утверждение в Росстандарт РФ. В статье приведен широкий перечень научной, методической и нормативно-правовой литературы, необходимой для практической реализации систем безопасности на объектах и территориях.

Effect of a commercial steam-vacuuming treatment implemented after slaughtering for the decontamination of cattle carcasses.

To assess the antimicrobial effect of a commercial steam-vacuuming system newly implemented after slaughtering, 105 cattle carcasses were examined for total viable counts (TVC) at four different areas. Before steam vacuuming, mean TVC of the excision samples were comparable at the perineal area and brisket (3.0-3.1 log CFU cm-2) or the hind leg and shoulder (2.6-2.7 log CFU cm-2). Steam vacuuming reduced mean TVC by 0.9, 0.7, 0.6, and 0.4 log CFU cm-2 at the perineal area, hind leg, shoulder, and brisket, respectively. With regard to the distribution of counts, steam vacuuming increased the proportion of TVC results <3.0 log CFU cm-2 from 74.8% (62.9-87.6% at carcass areas) to 86.7% (71.4-97.1% at carcass areas). Thus, steam vacuuming after slaughtering might be useful for the reduction of contamination in designated carcass areas, but the effect must not be overestimated and decontamination treatments always must be seen part of an integral food safety system.

EXPERIENCE OF DEVELOPMENT OF SPECIAL TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS ON MAGLEV TRANSPORTATION INTEGRATED SAFETY SYSTEM

Experience of development of special technical specifications on maglev transportation integrated safety system

The DC-link of the inverter system BUSSARD for ASDEX Upgrade in vessel saddle coils

For the nuclear fusion experiment ASDEX Upgrade (AUG) an inverter system to individually feed the 16 in-vessel saddle coils was built. After an operating phase with four inverters that supplied groups of up to 4 coils connected in series, now the full system is working. The common DC-link is fed by an existing current-mode thyristor rectifier.The idea was to use the thyristor rectifier in voltage control mode. Therefore the control system and the power stack had to be adjusted. This publication describes the modifications made to the thyristor rectifier in order to feed a DC-link and stabilize its voltage under all load conditions. Also the integrated safety systems are shown.

Estimate of mortality reduction with implementation of advanced automatic collision notification

ABSTRACTObjective: Advanced Automatic Collision Notification (AACN) is a system on a motor vehicle that notifies a public safety answering point (PSAP), either directly or through a third party, that the vehicle has had a crash. AACN systems enable earlier notification of a motor vehicle crash and provide an injury prediction that can help dispatchers and first responders make better decisions about how and where to transport the patient, thus getting the patient to definitive care sooner. The purposes of the current research are to identify the target population that could benefit from AACN, and to develop a reasonable estimate range of potential lives saved with implementation of AACN within the vehicle fleet.Methods: Data from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) years 2009–2015 and National Automotive Sampling System–Crashworthiness Data System (NASS-CDS) years 2000–2015 were obtained. FARS data were used to determine absolute estimates of the target population who may receive benefit from AACN. These estimates accounted for a number of factors, such as whether a fatal occupant had nearby access to a trauma center and also was correctly identified by the injury severity prediction algorithm as having a “high probability of severe injury.” NASS-CDS data were used to provide relative comparisons among subsets of the population. Specifically, relative survival rate ratios between occupants treated at trauma centers versus at non-trauma centers were determined using the nonparametric Kaplan–Meier estimator. Finally, the fatality reduction rate associated with trauma center care was combined with the previously published fatality reduction rate for faster notification time to develop a range for possible lives saved.Results: Two relevant target populations were identified. A larger subset of 6893 fatalities can benefit only from earlier notification associated with AACN. A smaller subgroup of between 1495 and 2330 fatalities can benefit from both earlier notification and change in treatment destination (i.e., non-trauma center to trauma center). A Kaplan–Meier life curve and a multiple proportional hazard model were used to predict the benefits associated with transport to a trauma center. The resulting range for potential lives saved annually was 360 to 721.Conclusions: This analysis provides the estimates of lives that could potentially be saved with full implementation of AACN and universal cell coverage availability. This represents a fatality reduction of approximately 1.6% to 3.3% per year, and more than double the lives saved by earlier notification alone. In conclusion, AACN is a postcrash technology with a promising potential for safety benefit. AACN is therefore a key component of integrated safety systems that aim to protect occupants across the entire crash spectrum.

The effect of precrash velocity reduction on occupant response using a human body finite element model

ABSTRACTObjective: The objective of this study is to use a validated finite element model of the human body and a certified model of an anthropomorphic test dummy (ATD) to evaluate the effect of simulated precrash braking on driver kinematics, restraint loads, body loads, and computed injury criteria in 4 commonly injured body regions.Methods: The Global Human Body Models Consortium (GHBMC) 50th percentile male occupant (M50-O) and the Humanetics Hybrid III 50th percentile models were gravity settled in the driver position of a generic interior equipped with an advanced 3-point belt and driver airbag. Fifteen simulations per model (30 total) were conducted, including 4 scenarios at 3 severity levels: median, severe, and the U.S. New Car Assessment Program (U.S.-NCAP) and 3 extra per model with high-intensity braking. The 4 scenarios were no precollision system (no PCS), forward collision warning (FCW), FCW with prebraking assist (FCW+PBA), and FCW and PBA with autonomous precrash braking (FCW + PBA + PB). The baseline ΔV was 17, 34, and 56.4 kph for median, severe, and U.S.-NCAP scenarios, respectively, and were based on crash reconstructions from NASS/CDS. Pulses were then developed based on the assumed precrash systems equipped. Restraint properties and the generic pulse used were based on literature.Results: In median crash severity cases, little to no risk (<10% risk for Abbreviated injury Scale [AIS] 3+) was found for all injury measures for both models. In the severe set of cases, little to no risk for AIS 3+ injury was also found for all injury measures. In NCAP cases, highest risk was typically found with No PCS and lowest with FCW + PBA + PB. In the higher intensity braking cases (1.0–1.4 g), head injury criterion (HIC), brain injury criterion (BrIC), and chest deflection injury measures increased with increased braking intensity. All other measures for these cases tended to decrease. The ATD also predicted and trended similar to the human body models predictions for both the median, severe, and NCAP cases. Forward excursion for both models decreased across median, severe, and NCAP cases and diverged from each other in cases above 1.0 g of braking intensity.Conclusions: The addition of precrash systems simulated through reduced precrash speeds caused reductions in some injury criteria, whereas others (chest deflection, HIC, and BrIC) increased due to a modified occupant position. The human model and ATD models trended similarly in nearly all cases with greater risk indicated in the human model. These results suggest the need for integrated safety systems that have restraints that optimize the occupant's position during precrash braking and prior to impact.

Principles of Developing the Integrated Security Systems of Critical and Potentially Dangerous Objects

На основе обобщенной классификации угроз, воздействующих на цели защиты, показано, что система комплексной безопасности должна функционировать как единая система управления, контроля и мониторинга возможных опасностей. Среди недостатков существующих подходов к построению интегрированных систем безопасности (ИСБ) выделены разрозненность существующей методологической базы к проектированию и реализации ИИСБ и автоматизации выдачи рекомендуемых решений, а также отсутствие единых требований к системам безопасности. С целью повышения физической защищенности критически важных и потенциально опасных объектов (ПОО и КВО) предлагается использовать интеллектуальную интегрированную систему безопасности (ИИСБ), которая характеризуется непрерывным мониторингом по сбору, обработке, документированию (архивированию), передачей информации в едином информационном поле. На основе анализа концептуальной модели обеспечения комплексной безопасности КВО и ПОО сформулированы принципы создания интегрированных систем безопасности: принцип системности, принцип единства информации, принцип иерархичности, принцип свертки информации, принцип постоянного контроля, принцип инвариантности.