Copper Intake Research Articles

Vitamins and minerals intake adequacy in hematopoietic stem cell transplant: results of a randomized controlled trial.

Micronutrient intake among hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients is poorly studied. This randomized control trial (RCT) assessed the effect of nutritional counseling on micronutrient intake post HSCT. Patients with hematological malignancies receiving HSCT were randomized at hospital discharge into an intervention group (IG) and a control group (CG) between 2016 and 2017. IG received individualized nutritional counseling in the first 3 months post HSCT while CG received general qualitative education without reinforcement. At assessment points (hospital admission, discharge, 30, 60, and 100 days post HSCT termed T4), 24-h recalls were analyzed, and micronutrient intake was compared to patients' individual needs. Results were reported as percentages of dietary reference intake. Groups (IG, n = 22 and CG, n = 24) had similar characteristics pre HSCT. Copper and α-tocopherol intake at T4 were significantly better in IG. Many B vitamins, vitamin C, Manganese, Potassium, Zinc, and vitamin K improved in IG only at T4 compared to baseline intake. Median vitamin D intake remained low in both groups with <20% of patients meeting their individual needs post HSCT. In conclusion, counseling was associated with a trend of improved micronutrient intake. Vitamin D levels remained low irrespective of counseling.

Factors affecting reproductive traits in male snow leopards (Unciauncia).

SummaryThe population of snow leopards (Unciauncia) maintained in US zoos is no longer sustainable due to poor reproductive success. Our objective was to assess reproductive traits in male snow leopards and identify factors (markers of oxidative stress in seminal fluid, surveys of husbandry practices, gonadal and adrenocortical activity, dietary intake of various nutrients, and genetics) that may affect ejaculate traits and subsequent fertility. Ejaculates (2.9 ± 0.2 mL) from 32 male snow leopards (9.8 ± 0.7 years; 38.6 ± 0.8 kg) housed at 27 institutions contained 119.2 + 26.0 x 106 spermatozoa, of which 75.1 ± 2.3% were motile and 28.6 ± 2.6% exhibited normal morphology. Overall, 34% of males produced <5 million spermatozoa and 27% of males produced spermatozoa with <20% normal morphology. Activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the seminal fluid was negatively correlated (P < 0.05, r2 = 0.90) with normal sperm morphology. Husbandry practices, mean concentrations of fecal androgen metabolites (fAM), and baseline concentrations of fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (fGM), inbreeding coefficients, and generations each male was removed from the founders in their lineages were not correlated (P > 0.05) with the total number of spermatozoa or the proportion of spermatozoa with normal morphology. Total sperm count was positively correlated (P < 0.05, R2 = 0.86) with the weekly intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and the proportion of spermatozoa with normal morphology tended (P < 0.10, R2 = 0.31) to be positively correlated with copper intake. Altering the nutrient composition of snow leopard diets could provide managers with a possible method of improving reproductive traits in this endangered species.Lay summaryThe population of snow leopards (Uncia uncia) maintained in US zoos has been declining since 1993 due to poor breeding success. Our objective was to assess the reproductive traits of male snow leopards and identify factors (e.g. hormones, diet, genetics) that may be affecting the quality of semen produced and therefore subsequent fertility. Within a cohort of 32 male snow leopards maintained at 27 US zoos, we found that 34% produced less than 5 million sperm and 27% of males produced sperm where less than 20% looked normal. The quantity and quality of the recovered sperm was not correlated with husbandry practices, concentrations of hormones (androgens and glucocorticoids) in feces, or genetics. However, the number of sperm was positively correlated with polyunsaturated fatty acids in the diet. Altering the nutrient composition of snow leopard diets could provide managers with a possible method of improving reproductive traits in this endangered species.

Feed intake and dietary composition of iron (Fe), copper (Cu), vitamin E, and tannic acid of five captive black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) in a UK collection.

The black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) is a critically endangered species facing multiple anthropogenic pressures in its natural home range across Africa. Black rhinoceros are difficult to maintain ex situ and subject to diseases that are linked with captive dietary factors. Hemochromatosis is of particular concern, as it is a common finding at necropsy of captive adults, and has been linked to excessive dietary iron intake. This intake study investigates the select nutrient composition of the diets offered to and consumed by five captive black rhinoceros in a UK zoo to evaluate, ensure adequacy, and/or make adjustments if necessary. Alfalfa hay, pellets and six browse species offered were analyzed for iron (Fe), copper (Cu), vitamin E, and tannic acid content. Intakes were quantified and evaluated against levels found in wild diets and the currently available feeding guidelines for black rhinoceros. Diets eaten by five individual rhinoceros (1.4%–2.3% of bodyweight dry matter [DM] intake), comprising 68%–82% hay, 6%–13% pellets, and 13%–27% browse, contained 76–98 mg/kg Fe (on a DM basis), fell within the ranges of plants eaten by free‐ranging rhinoceros (45–140 mg/kg DM), as well as values recommended for captive‐fed browsing rhinoceros (50–100 mg/kg DM). Consumed diets were found to be marginal to adequate in Cu (9–11 mg/kg DM) compared with the recommended 10 mg/kg DM; dietary vitamin E ranged from 54 to 79 IU/kg DM, and tannic acid measured 13–14 g/kg DM. Commercial pellets were the primary contributor of dietary Fe, Cu, and vitamin E, containing up to 10 times more of each of those nutrients than the forages. Native browses were important sources of lower Fe ingredients, as well as appropriate levels of dietary Cu and vitamin E (dependent on species). Interestingly, pellets (23 g/kg) and alfalfa hay (14 g/kg) contained higher concentrations of tannic acid compared with any of the browses fed (4–13 g/kg). All nutritional parameters evaluated were close to recommended dietary levels, diets resembled values consumed in the wild, and the animals remained clinically healthy throughout the study. Overall, diets were considered nutritionally adequate for captive feeding of black rhinoceros; evaluating the nutrient composition of all ingredients, including browse plants in diets, provides important information for achieving optimal nutrient balance.

Dietary Intakes of Zinc, Copper, Magnesium, Calcium, Phosphorus, and Sodium by the General Adult Population Aged 20-50 Years in Shiraz, Iran: A Total Diet Study Approach.

In the present total diet study, the dietary intake of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), and sodium (Na) by healthy adults in Shiraz, Iran, was estimated from the foods as consumed. A total of 580 individual food items were collected, prepared, and pooled into 129 composite samples. The metal concentration was then evaluated using inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry. The mean intakes of Zn (12.92 mg/d), Cu (3.80 mg/d), and Mg (412.68 mg/d) exceeded the estimated average requirements (EARs), but they were well below the upper limits. A high prevalence of inadequate intake was observed for Ca (91.6%) and P (89.7%), which was mainly due to nutritionally imbalanced diets. Sodium intake for average and high consumers (97.5th percentile) was 123.6% and 237.8% of the tolerable upper intake level of 2300 mg/d, respectively, with 70% of the participants having intakes higher than this threshold value. Nutrition education, nutritional rehabilitation, Ca supplementation, food fortification, mandatory reduction of salt content in processed foods, and discretionary salt use (in home cooking or at the table) are among the possible strategies that can be adopted to combat the health problems.

Potential interference on the lipid metabolisms by serum copper in a women population: A repeated measurement study

The relationship between excess copper (Cu) intake and lipid metabolic disorders is not well-studied, and most studies on this topic have a cross-sectional design. Here, we investigated the relationship between Cu exposure and blood lipid metabolism in women population, as well as potential mediation effects of oxidative stress and inflammation, using a repeated-measurement study. A total of 35 women in northern China were included, and each individual was visited for five times. Blood samples were collected, and the following serum biomarkers were analyzed: heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and lipids [triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), and lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a))]. A linear mixed-effect model was used to analyze the associations between Cu and the individual biomarkers in serum. The results showed that Cu was positively associated with TG (β = 0.0007, P = 0.01), TC (β = 0.0006, P = 0.002), LDL (β = 0.0004, P ≤ 0.001), and Lp(a) (β = 0.0004, P = 0.01), but not associated with HDL (β = 0.0001, P = 0.19). Likewise, serum Cu was positively associated with HO-1 (β = 0.0004, P = 0.03) and negatively associated with MCP-1 (β = −0.0006, P = 0.003) and IL-8 (β = −0.002, P = 0.03). Among the biomarkers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and lipids in serum, only IL-8 was negatively associated with HDL (β = −0.0004, P = 0.009). No other associations were observed. We conclude that high Cu exposure may elevate blood lipid levels as well as disturb processes related to oxidative stress and inflammation responses.

The Associations of Dietary Copper with Incident Dementia: The Atherosclerosis Risks in Community (ARIC) Study

Background/Aim: Copper may be involved in Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis. In particular, a combination of high dietary copper intake and high cholesterol may accelerate cognitive decline. We aimed to examine the associations of dietary copper intake in the presence of a high fat diet with incident dementia in a community-dwelling sample in the United States. Methods: The Atherosclerosis Risks in Community (ARIC) Study was used for analysis. Dietary copper (including that from food and dietary supplements) and saturated fat intake were calculated as the average intake across the 1st (1987-1989) and 3rd (1993-1995) visits of the ARIC study, based on information collected from the 61-item Food Frequency Questionnaires. Dementia was ascertained based on in-person assessment, hospital discharge codes, and other supplemental methods throughout follow-up. Participants with diagnosed dementia at study baseline (Visit 4) were excluded from analysis. Cox proportional-hazards models were used to examine the associations of dietary copper (from food, supplements, total) with incident dementia. Potential interactions between dietary copper as continuous variables and high saturated fat intake (defined as the upper 25th percentile) were tested. Results: A total of 9,492 participants (mean age: 62.9±9.7 years, 43.9% male, 17.5% African American) were included in the analysis, with an average follow-up time of 16.3 years. Each 1 mg/day higher intake of total dietary copper (hazard ratio (HR): 1.45, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02, 2.06) and copper from food (HR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.94) were associated with higher incident dementia among those with a high intake of saturated fat after covariate adjustment. Intake of copper from supplements was not associated with dementia. Conclusions: The combination of a diet high in both copper and saturated fat may increase the risk of dementia among community-dwelling populations.

Morphological Changes in the Hepatic Tissue at the Impact of Industrial Copper-bearing Dust in the Experiment

BACKGROUND: It is known that an increased intake of copper (Cu) has an adverse effect, and above all leads to the defeat of parenchymal organs, including liver tissue.&#x0D; AIM: This study the morphological changes in the hepatic tissue at the impact of polymetallic Cu dust.&#x0D; METHODS: An experimental study was carried out on the outbred white male rats. Dust was injected once intratracheally at a dose of 50 mg. For dynamic observation, the animals were killed in 1, 3, and 6 months with the control group using instant decapitation. The Balkhash industrial polymetallic dust with a predominant Cu content (Cu-0.6%) was used for the study. Morphological changes were assessed using histological and morphometric methods.&#x0D; RESULTS: Morphometric examination of liver tissue at 30 days showed Vv necrosis increasing in 320 times in Group 2 (p &lt; 0.001), Vv infiltrates – in 121 times (p &lt; 0.001), Vv dystrophic altered hepatocytes – in 19.91 times (p &lt; 0.001), Vv dual-core cells – in 23 times (p &lt; 0.01), and Vv fibrosis – in 2.82 times (p &lt; 0.001) in comparison with Group 1. Vv portal tracts are not reliably changed. In 90 days, there were also the following morphometric parameters increasing in comparison with the control group: Vv necrosis – in 522 times (p &lt; 0.001), Vv infiltrates – in 395 times (p &lt; 0.001), Vv dystrophic altered hepatocytes – in 26.7 times (p &lt; 0.001), Vv dual-core cells – in 314 times (p &lt; 0.01), and Vv fibrosis – in 13.27 times (p &lt; 0.001). On the 180 day of the experiment, there was the increasing of Vv infiltrates in 421 times (p &lt; 0.001), Vv dystrophic altered hepatocytes – in 34.09 times (p &lt; 0.001), Vv dual-core cells – in 411 times (p &lt; 0.001), and Vv fibrosis – in 54.09 times (p &lt; 0.001)&#x0D; CONCLUSION: The impact of polymetallic dust with 0.6% Cu concentration at the early stages leads to the changes in the liver in the form of reactive hepatitis with the following transformation into portal-type hepatitis.

Copper Supplementation, A Challenge in Cattle.

Simple SummaryCopper supplementation in ruminants deserves special attention because of the narrow margin between deficiency and toxicity, both of which ruminants are susceptible to suffering from. Supplementation of copper above requirements to prevent deficiency has led to an increased number of outbreaks of copper toxicity being reported in recent years, particularly in dairy cattle. In this paper we describe the key points of copper metabolism in cattle that should be taken into consideration to guarantee an adequate copper supply while preventing toxic effects.Ensuring adequate copper supplementation in ruminants is a challenging task due to the complexity of copper metabolism in these animals. The three-way interaction between copper, molybdenum and sulphur (Cu-Mo-S) in the rumen makes ruminants, particularly cattle, very susceptible to suffering from secondary copper deficiency. Paradoxically, excessive copper storage in the liver to prevent deficiency becomes a hazard when ruminants are fed copper-supplemented diets even slightly above requirements. While cattle were traditionally thought to be relatively tolerant of copper accumulation, and reports of copper poisoning were until recently somewhat rare, in recent years an increased number of episodes/outbreaks of copper toxicity in cattle, particularly in dairy cattle, have been reported worldwide. The growing number of lethal cases reported seems to indicate that copper intoxication is spreading silently in dairy herds, urging the development of strategies to monitor herd copper status and improve farmers’ awareness of copper toxicity. In fact, monitoring studies carried out on numerous samples collected from culled animals in slaughterhouses and/or diagnostic laboratories have demonstrated that large numbers of animals have hepatic copper concentrations well above adequate levels in many different countries. These trends are undoubtedly due to copper supplementation aimed at preventing copper deficiency, as dietary copper intake from pasture alone is unlikely to cause such high levels of accumulation in liver tissue. The reasons behind the copper overfeeding in cattle are related both to a poor understanding of copper metabolism and the theory of “if adding a little produces a response, then adding a lot will produce a better response”. Contrary to most trace elements, copper in ruminants has narrow margins of safety, which must also be formulated considering the concentrations of copper antagonists in the diet. This review paper aims to provide nutritionists/veterinary practitioners with the key points about copper metabolism in cattle to guarantee an adequate copper supply while preventing excessive hepatic copper loading, which requires à la carte copper supplementation for each herd.

Assessment of the intake of selected minerals in population of premenopausal women based on specific socio-demographic indicators

Eating behavior interventions are a modifiable risk factor for chronic diseases. The aim of this study was to monitor the intake of selected minerals – calcium, phosphorus, zinc, copper, selenium, and chromium in the diet of premenopausal women (n = 30) and to highlight the possible adverse effects of disbalanced intake of these elements. At the same time, we investigated whether socio-demographic factors and choice of food store have an impact on the intake of these substances. We assessed the intake of selected minerals using three-day nutritional protocols and subsequently processed the data. The participants were women between 40 and 50 years old, from districts of Partizánske and Prievidza, for whom menopause has not yet begun. Women provided information about their place of residence (urban or rural area), type of home they live in (family house or apartment), and the type of food store where they grocery shop. The results indicate an impact of the place of residence: higher intake of zinc (p = 0.012) and selenium (p = 0.020) were observed in the participants from the urban area. The impact of the type of home was proven on the intake of chromium (p = 0.049), copper (p = 0.048), and carbohydrates (p = 0.021) with higher intake in the apartment-dwelling group. The impact of food store choice has not been confirmed. Based on the observed values, we conclude that the observed population might be at a higher risk of skeletal disorders and osteoporosis due to deficient calcium intake and the unfavorable ratio of Ca:P; increased Zn and Se intake levels may stimulate the development of cardiovascular risk factors and may also elevate the risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Nutritional Status and Oral Frailty: A Community Based Study.

Compromised oral health can alter food choices. Poor masticatory function leads to imbalanced food intake and undesirable nutritional status. The associations among nutritional status, oral health behavior, and self-assessed oral functions status were investigated using a community-based survey. In total, 701 subjects more than 50 years old living Ebina city located southwest of the capital Tokyo were investigated. The number of remaining teeth was counted by dental hygienists. Oral health behavior and self-assessed oral functions were evaluated by oral frailty checklist. Nutritional status was evaluated by the brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire using Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese as reference. More than 80% of subjects’ intakes of vitamin B12, pantothenic acid, copper, and proteins were sufficient. In contrast, only 19% of subjects’ intake of vitamin A was sufficient and 35.5% for vitamin B1. More than 90% of subjects’ intakes of vitamin D and vitamin K were sufficient. Only 35.5% of subjects’ intakes of dietary fiber were sufficient. Overall, 88.9% of subjects had excess salt. The number of remaining teeth was not correlated with nutritional intakes. Oral health behavior significantly correlated with nutritional intakes. Oral functions are important for food choice; however, oral functions were not directly correlated with nutritional intakes. Comprehensive health instructions including nutrition and oral health education is necessary for health promotion.

Association of Copper and Zinc Intake with Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Fecal Incontinence Symptoms: Evidence from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

The associations between copper and zinc intake with the risk of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and fecal incontinence symptoms in the general population are not well understood. This study aims to evaluate the associations of zinc and copper intake with the risk of IBD and fecal incontinence symptoms in adults aged ≥ 20 years using data from the 2009-2010 National Health and Nutritional Examination Surveys (NHANES) (N = 5593). The presence of IBD was analyzed from the NHANES data, directly querying the presence or absence of ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). Fecal incontinence symptoms including accidental bowel leakage of gas, mucus, liquid, or solid stool were determined by using the bowel health questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regressions models were performed controlling for confounding factors (dietary, lifestyle, psychological, and health conditions). No associations between either zinc or copper intake with IBD were found. However, zinc intake was independently associated with increased risk of bowel leakage of gas or liquid. Compared with quartile 1, the multivariate-adjusted ORs (95%CI) of bowel leakage of gas across quartiles 2-4 of zinc intake were 1.41 (1.15-1.71), 1.30 (1.00-1.68), and 1.61 (1.16-2.23). Likewise, there was a trend for higher odds of bowel leakage of liquid among participants in the higher zinc intake. Compared with quartile 1, the multivariate-adjusted ORs (95%CI) of bowel leakage of liquid across quartiles 2-4 of zinc intake were 3.55 (0.94-13.41), 3.65 (1.27-10.47), and 5.06 (1.25-20.50). Future prospective studies are warranted to confirm these findings.

Serum zinc and copper levels in chronic hepatitis B and hepatitis B virus induced cirrhosis

The study aims to compare the serum zinc and copper levels in chronic hepatitis B and HBV induced cirrhosis, and whether these parameters can be used as markers of conversion from chronic hepatitis to cirrhosis, and if their supplementation would delay the course of the disease.50 chronic hepatitis B and 80 HBV induced Cirrhosis patients were included in the study. Serum zinc and copper levels were estimated in 1800 UV spectrophotometer.Statistically significant decrease in serum zinc levels and a statistically significant increase in serum copper levels were observed in cirrhosis when compared to chronic hepatitis B (P &amp;#60;0.001). Decreased serum zinc and increased serum copper levels indicate the conversion of chronic hepatitis B to cirrhosis. Supplementation of zinc and reduction of copper intake will delay the progression of chronic hepatitis B to cirrhosis and improve survival.

Amino-functional carbon quantum dots as a rational nanosensor for Cu2+

Intracellular copper (Cu2+) plays a crucial role in regulation of physiological and biological processes. Nevertheless, excessive copper from bioaccumulation may cause potential risk to human body. Hence, effective and sensitive identification system is essential to avoid excessive intake of copper. A novel highly sensitive fluorescent probe has been designed for detecting copper ion. Carbon dots was synthesized by citric acid and poly(amido amine) dendrimers (2G-PAMAM) as carbon and nitrogen source, respectively. Amino-functionalized carbon dots (NH2-CDs) was obtained by further modification by methyl acrylate and ethylenediamine reaction, which illustrated high quantum yield of 20% and small particle size of 25 nm. The functionalized NH2-CDs offered a rapid, sensitive and selective recognition of Cu2+ with a detection limit of 5 nM and a dynamic linear range from 0.005 to 600 μM. As for practical application, the nanosensor illustrated good cell permeability and low cytotoxicity, and thus successfully applied for fluorescence imaging and biosensing of trace Cu2+ in MCF-7 and HepG-2 cells, which suggested the potential biological application in disease diagnosis.

Dietary Adjustments to Altitude Training in Elite Endurance Athletes; Impact of a Randomized Clinical Trial With Antioxidant-Rich Foods.

Background: Altitude training stresses several physiological and metabolic processes and alters the dietary needs of the athletes. International Olympic Committee (IOC)'s Nutrition Expert Group suggests that athletes should increase intake of energy, carbohydrate, iron, fluid, and antioxidant-rich foods while training at altitude.Objective: We investigated whether athletes adjust their dietary intake according to the IOC's altitude-specific dietary recommendations, and whether an in-between meal intervention with antioxidant-rich foods altered the athletes' dietary composition and nutrition-related blood parameters (mineral, vitamin, carotenoid, and hormone concentrations).Design: The dietary adjustments to altitude training (3 weeks at 2,320 m) were determined for 31 elite endurance athletes (23 ± 5 years, 23 males, 8 females) by six interviewer-administered 24-h dietary recalls on non-consecutive days; three before and during the altitude camp. The additional effect of in -between meal intervention with eucaloric antioxidant-rich or control snacks (1,000 kcal/day) was tested in a randomized controlled trial with parallel design.Results: At altitude the athletes increased their energy intake by 35% (1,430 ± 630 kcal/day, p < 0.001), the provided snacks accounting for 70% of this increase. Carbohydrate intake increased from 6.5 ± 1.8 g/kg body weight (BW) (50 E%) to 9.3 ± 2.1 g/kg BW (53 E%) (p < 0.001), with no difference between the antioxidant and control group. Dietary iron, fluid, and antioxidant-rich food intake increased by 37, 38, and 104%, respectively, in the whole cohort. The intervention group had larger increases in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), ω3 PUFA (n-3 fatty acids), ω6 PUFA (n-6 fatty acids), fiber, vitamin C, folic acid, and copper intake, while protein intake increased more among the controls, reflecting the nutritional content of the snacks. Changes in the measured blood minerals, vitamins, and hormones were not differentially affected by the intervention except for the carotenoid; zeaxanthin, which increased more in the intervention group (p < 0.001).Conclusions: Experienced elite endurance athletes increased their daily energy, carbohydrate, iron, fluid, and antioxidant-rich food intake during a 3-week training camp at moderate altitude meeting most of the altitude-specific dietary recommendations. The intervention with antioxidant-rich snacks improved the composition of the athletes' diets but had minimal impact on the measured nutrition-related blood parameters.Clinical Trial Registry Number: NCT03088891 (www.clinicaltrials.gov), Norwegian registry number: 626539 (https://rekportalen.no/).

Evaluation of the association between the healthy eating index and the level of serum and dietary intake of copper and zinc

BackgroundHealthy behaviors, such as a healthy diet are associated with a reduced risk of several chronic diseases. We aimed to investigate the association of dietary quality, assessed using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI), with serum copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) and also dietary intake of Cu and Zn. Study designThis cross-sectional study was performed in a sub-sample of 5313 participants (2162 males and 3151 females) aged 35–65 years recruited as part of MASHAD cohort study. MethodsHEI was assessed using dietary intake data that were collected based on a 65 items food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Flame atomic absorption spectrometry was used to measure serum Cu and Zn concentrations. Dietary intakes of Cu and Zn were evaluated based on the FFQ data; they were adjusted for total energy. ResultsHEI values had a negative correlation with serum Cu concentration and positive correlation with dietary intake and serum Zn/Cu showed. After adjusting for confounding factors, results showed that with increasing 10 unit of HEI the risk of serum level of Cu < 70 μg/dl (male)/<80 μg/dl (female) 1.09-fold increases in comparison to reference group (70–140 μg/dl [male]/80–155 μg/dl [female]). Moreover, after adjusting for confounding factors, a significant association was found between serum Zn/Cu and HEI (β = 0.003; 95%CI = 0.002–0.005; p < 0.001) but this association was not significant for dietary intake Zn/Cu. ConclusionThere was a negative and positive correlation between HEI and serum concentration of Cu and serum Zn/Cu, respectively in the middle-aged Iranian adults. Although, the association between serum concentrations of Zn and Cu with their dietary intake were not significant. The evaluation of these factors in a larger population and in cohort study design may help further confirm these findings.

Severity of subjective forgetfulness is associated with high dietary intake of copper in Japanese senior women: A cross-sectional study.

This study investigated the relationship between subjective forgetfulness and the dietary intake of various nutrients in middle‐aged and senior women. A cross‐sectional study of the first‐visit records of 245 Japanese women aged 40 or over was performed. The severity of subjective forgetfulness was classified according to the Menopausal Health‐Related Quality of Life Questionnaire: none and mild (“unforgetful”) or moderate and severe (“forgetful”). Dietary consumption of nutrients was estimated using the brief‐type self‐administered diet history questionnaire. The associations between the severity of subjective forgetfulness and intake of 43 major nutrients were evaluated using multivariate logistic regression analysis separately performed for two age groups: middle‐aged (40–54 years, N = 166) and senior (55 years or over, N = 79). No nutrients were found to be significantly associated with subjective forgetfulness in the middle‐aged group. In senior women, a significant positive relationship between the intake of copper and forgetfulness was found (adjusted odds ratio per 10 mg/kJ increase in copper intake: 1.25; 95% confidence interval: 1.08–1.50). Thus, high copper intake is positively associated with the severity of forgetfulness in Japanese senior women. Reducing copper consumption could help improve this symptom in this population.

Dietary Supplement Use among Adult Cancer Survivors in the United States

Many cancer patients initiate dietary supplement use after cancer diagnosis. How dietary supplement use contributes to the total nutrient intake among cancer survivors as compared with individuals without cancer needs to be determined. We aimed to evaluate nutrient intakes from dietary supplements among cancer survivors in relation to their total nutrient intake and compare those with individuals without cancer. We evaluated the prevalence, dose, and reason for using dietary supplements among 2772 adult cancer survivors and 31,310 individuals without cancer who participated in the NHANES 2003-2016. Cancer survivors reported a higher prevalence of any (70.4%vs. 51.2%) and multivitamin/mineral (48.9%vs. 36.6%) supplement use and supplement use of 11 individual vitamins and 8 minerals than individuals without cancer. Overall, cancer survivors had significantly higher amounts of nutrient intake from supplements but lower nutrient intakes from foods for the majority of the nutrients. Compared with individuals without cancer, cancer survivors had a higher percentage of individuals with inadequate intake (total nutrient intake<Estimated Average Requirement or Adequate Intake) for folate, vitamin B-6, niacin, calcium, copper, and phosphorus, due to lower intakes of these nutrients from foods. Cancer survivors also had a higher proportion of individuals with excess intake (total nutrient intake≥Tolerable Upper Intake Level) for vitamin D, vitamin B-6, niacin, calcium, magnesium, and zinc, contributed by higher intakes of these nutrients from dietary supplements. Nearly half (46.1%) used dietary supplements on their own without consulting health care providers. Cancer survivors reported a higher prevalence and dose of dietary supplement use but lower amounts of nutrient intake from foods than individuals without cancer. The inadequate nutrient intake from foods and the short-term and long-term health impact of dietary supplement use, especially at high doses, need to be further evaluated among cancer survivors.

Association of Working Status with Nutrient Intake and Adequacy in Married Japanese Women

Abstract Objectives Women's participation in labor force has been increasing; however, married women spend considerable time in housework despite working outside. This double burden may have a negative impact on their health behavior. However, little is known about the relationship between married women's working status and their nutrient intake. Therefore, we aimed to examine the association of working status, considering working hours, with nutrient intake and adequacy among married Japanese women. Methods This cross-sectional study included married women aged 20–59 years. The participants were categorized into 3 groups based on their working status and hours: housewives, part-time workers (who work &amp;lt;35 hours per week), and full-time workers (who work ≥35 hours per week). Dietary intake was assessed using a validated self-administered questionnaire. For each nutrient, the prevalence of participants whose intake did not meet the Japanese Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) was compared across the working status. To evaluate the overall nutrient adequacy for each participant, we counted the number of nutrients that did not meet the DRIs. The participants in the highest tertile category for number of nutrients not meeting the DRIs (≥7 of 20 nutrients not meeting the DRIs) were regarded as “low adequacy”. Crude and multivariate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for low adequacy in each working status group were calculated using logistic regression analysis. Results Among 644 married women, 240 were housewives, 280 were part-time workers, and 126 were full-time workers. The intake of dietary fiber, potassium, magnesium, vitamin B1, vitamin C, and copper was lower in both the part-time and full-time workers than in the housewives. In addition, the full-time workers had a lower intake of folate, calcium, and iron than the housewives. The prevalence of not meeting the DRIs for potassium and magnesium was higher in the full-time workers. Multivariate ORs (95% CIs) for low adequacy in the part-time and the full-time workers were 1.39 (0.96–2.01) and 2.34 (1.48–3.71), respectively, compared with the housewives. Conclusions Working, especially ≥35 hours per week, was negatively associated with nutrient intake adequacy in married Japanese women. Funding Sources Ochanomizu University.

Association between dietary mineral nutrient intake, body mass index, and waist circumference in U.S. adults using quantile regression analysis NHANES 2007-2014.

ObjectiveMineral nutrients play an important role in maintaining material and energy metabolism. Reports on mineral nutrient intakes and body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) are rare in the United States. This study examined the relationship between BMI, WC and dietary mineral intakes.MethodWe used the data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2014. Nutrient intakes were adjusted for energy according to the residual adjustment method. We used the quantile regression model to analyze the relationship between BMI, WC under different distributions and the average daily mineral intakes.ResultA total of 19,952 people were included in the study, including 9,879 men and 10,073 women (≥20 years old). The median BMI was 27.935 kg/m2 and the median WC was 97.700 cm. The results of quantile regression showed that calcium, magnesium, potassium, copper, zinc and iron intakes were negatively correlated with BMI and WC, after adjusting for age and gender. Sodium and phosphorus intakes were positively correlated with BMI, sodium intakes were positively correlated with WC. This correlation was enhanced with increasing quantiles of risk levels. In high BMI or high WC populations, mineral intakes had a greater impact on BMI and WC. The quantile regression coefficients of selenium intakes were not statistically significant at each quantile.ConclusionOur results suggested that the mineral nutrient intakes were associated with BMI and WC in American adults. However, we also need to further study the longitudinal effects of mineral intakes and obesity.

“Cerrado” cashew (Anacardium othonianum Rizz.) juice improves metabolic parameters in women: A pilot study

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the impact of 30-day “Cerrado” cashew juice consumption in women. “Cerrado” cashew juice was produced through enzymatic clarification after maceration of Anacardium othonianum pseudofruit. The “Cerrado” cashew juice was clarified, pasteurized, and evaluated for its chemical characteristics, and a daily intake of 400 mL was used in the pilot study of nine women. The “Cerrado” cashew juice showed high vitamin C content (30 mg 100 mL−1), and consumption of “Cerrado” cashew juice increases the recommended daily intake of manganese (56 %), zinc (22 %), iron (14 %), and copper (13 %). Consumption of “Cerrado” cashew juice improved the time to reach the maximum glucose value in the glycemic curve, the cholesterol levels (triglycerides, total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) and systolic blood pressure in women.