Copper Intake Research Articles

Dietary intake and visceral adiposity in older adults: The Multiethnic Cohort Adiposity Phenotype study.

There are established links between the accumulation of body fat as visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and the risk of developing obesity-associated metabolic disease. Previous studies have suggested that levels of intake of specific foods and nutrients are associated with VAT accumulation after accounting for total energy intake. This study assessed associations between a priori selected dietary factors on VAT quantified using abdominal magnetic resonance imaging. The cross-sectional Multiethnic Cohort Adiposity Phenotype Study included n=395 White, n=274 Black, n=269 Native Hawaiian, n=425 Japanese American and n=358 Latino participants (mean age=69years±3 SD). Participants were enrolled stratified on sex, race, ethnicity and body mass index. General linear models were used to estimate the mean VAT area (cm2) for participants categorized into quartiles based on their dietary intake of selected foods/nutrients adjusting for age, sex, racial and ethnic groups, the total percentage fat from whole-body dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and total energy. There were significant inverse associations with VAT for dietary intake of total vegetables, total fruits (including juice), cereals, whole grains, calcium, copper and dietary fiber (p-trend ≤0.04). Positive trends were observed for VAT for participants who reported higher intake of potatoes, total fat and saturated fatty acids (SFA) (p-trend ≤0.02). Foods/nutrients that met the multiple testing significance threshold were total fruits, whole grains, copper, dietary fiber and SFA intake. These results highlight foods and nutrients including SFA, total fruit, whole grains, fiber and copper as potential candidates for future research to inform dietary guidelines for the prevention of chronic disease among older adults.

Association between copper intake and essential hypertension: dual evidence from Mendelian randomization analysis and the NHANES database.

Although previous studies have identified an association between trace elements and essential hypertension, the specific trace elements involved and the mechanisms of their association remain unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between various human trace elements and essential hypertension, thereby addressing existing gaps in the research. This study employed two-sample, multivariate, and inverse Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to investigate the causal relationship between 15 human trace elements as exposure factors and essential hypertension as the outcome. The analysis revealed a statistically significant association between copper intake and essential hypertension. Further validation was conducted using logistic regression models based on data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Eighteen trace elements were initially identified through searches in the GWAS database and PubMed. After screening, 15 trace elements were selected as potential exposure factors. MR analysis, utilizing the 2021 genome-wide dataset for essential hypertension, identified copper as a risk factor, showing a positive association with hypertension. Subsequent logistic regression analyses based on NHANES data further confirmed a significant association between dietary copper intake and the risk of essential hypertension, except for the 0.80-1.08 mg/d group in model 3 (p < 0.05). Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis indicated a nonlinear relationship between copper intake and the risk of developing essential hypertension. This study demonstrates a significant association between copper intake and the development of essential hypertension. The findings suggest that higher copper intake is linked to an increased risk of hypertension, underscoring the need to monitor copper intake levels in the prevention and management of this condition.

Fiber and microelements content in various types of wheat bread

Various types of wheat bread are present in the Serbian market: white, brown, whole-wheat, wheat/rye, buckwheat/wheat, half-white, and corn/wheat bread. This research included the quantification of the content of total fiber, fiber fractions, and microelements (manganese, copper, iron, and zinc) in order to check whether the breads on the market contain the amounts that are proven beneficial for health. The aim was also to determine the contribution of these nutrients through the consumption of bread to the recommended daily intake. The results show that the bread from the Serbian market contains a large amount of arabinoxylan (1.2-2.6 g 100 g-1) and that wheat/rye, brown, and whole wheat bread are sources of dietary fiber (4.0- 4.6 g 100 g-1). Also, an important result is that all types of bread except white, contain more than 15 % of dietary reference values for copper and manganese. The intake of total fiber (+100 %), arabinoxylan (+117 %), copper (+118 %), and manganese (+85 %) increases by replacing white bread with whole wheat bread, therefore it is of great interest to raise awareness among consumers about the beneficial foods that should be included in the diet. Methods applied in this research showed acceptable precision and accuracy and also proved to be quite simple for routine analysis work.

Relationship between coronary artery disease with dyslipidaemia and trace mineral intake: a cross-sectional analysis of the Shika study

Abstract Although the relationship between dyslipidaemia (DL) and coronary artery disease (CAD) or between trace minerals intake and CAD is well known separately, the exact nature of this relationship remains unknown. We hypothesize that the relationship between trace mineral intake and CAD may differ depending on whether or not the individual has DL. The present study analysed the relationships among trace mineral intake, DL, and CAD in middle-aged and older adults living in Shika town, Ishikawa prefecture, Japan. This study included 895 residents following the exclusion of those with genetic risk carriers for familial hypercholesterolemia. Trace mineral intake was evaluated using the brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire. Interactions were observed between DL and CAD with zinc (p = 0.004), copper (p = 0.010), and manganese intake (p &lt; 0.001) in a two-way analysis of covariance adjusted for covariates such as sex, age, body mass index, and current smokers and drinkers. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that zinc (odds ratio (OR): 0.752; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.606, 0.934; p = 0.010), copper (OR: 0.175; 95% CI: 0.042, 0.726; p = 0.016), and manganese (OR: 0.494; 95% CI: 0.291, 0.839; p = 0.009) were significant independent variables for CAD in the dyslipidaemic group. The present results suggest that DL with a low trace mineral intake is associated with CAD. Further longitudinal studies are required to confirm this relationship.

Adherence to Dietary Recommendations in Organized Living Beneficiaries with Severe Mental Disorders and Their Caregivers.

People with severe mental disorders often require special care. Other than institutionalized care, some organizations provide housing options and special care in the form of organized living. Few studies provide a detailed description of nutrient intake in this type of care. The aim of this prospective study was to assess nutritional status and adherence to dietary recommendations in both people with mental disorders (beneficiaries) and their caregivers. Across three levels of care, 46 beneficiaries and 19 caregivers participated in the study. The mean intakes of energy (kcal/day) and macro- and micronutrients (g/day) were estimated from a 3-day dietary record and compared with dietary reference values (DRVs) set by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). The majority of participants did not meet energy intake recommendations (kcal/day). The contribution of total fat to energy intake (% E) was higher than recommended in both beneficiaries and caregivers with 42.1 ± 4.4% and 38.5 ± 6.5%, respectively. A total of 45.2% of beneficiaries and 61.1% of caregivers had their carbohydrate intake within the recommended range. Fiber intake was well below the recommendations (25 g/day) in all groups. Across all levels of care, lower micronutrient intake for pantothenic acid, biotin, folate, potassium, magnesium, copper, selenium, and iodine was observed. Based on the current results, the development and implementation of nutritional guidelines may be targeted to specific populations and nutrient intakes.

Association Between Copper Intake and Migraine: a National Cross-sectional Study.

Migraine is a common clinical neurological disorder that adversely affects humans and society. The relationship between copper intake and migraine has been less studied and controversial. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between copper intake and migraine and to guide dietary interventions. The data for this study were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database from 1999 to 2004, involving a total of 12,724 participants. The relationship between copper intake and migraine was examined using weighted multivariate logistic regression models, and smooth-fit curves were plotted to explore the relationship. After non-linear relationships were found, recursive algorithms and two-stage linear regression models were used to calculate inflection points. Stratified analyses were also performed to explore population differences. In the model corrected for all covariates, the OR (95% CI) of copper intake with migraine was 1.19 (0.97, 1.46), which was not statistically significant. However, the results of the linear trend test suggested that their relationship might be non-linear. Smooth-fit curves confirmed the non-linear relationship between copper intake and migraine, and an inflection point (0.98 mg/day) was identified. There was no statistical significance before the inflection point, but after the inflection point, copper intake was positively associated with migraine attacks. Stratified analyses showed that this non-linear relationship persisted in females, people under 45 years old, and people with BMI less than 30. In this large cross-sectional study, we found a non-linear correlation between copper intake and migraine.

Effects of CuSO4 on hepatic mitochondrial function, biogenesis and dynamics in mice.

Copper is an essential trace element for animal. Excessive intake of copper will cause a large accumulation of copper in the body, especially in the liver, and induce hepatotoxicity, however, there are few studies on the effects of copper on hepatic mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial dynamics. In this study, mice were treated with different doses of CuSO4 (0, 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg) for 21 and 42 days by gavage. The results verified that CuSO4 decreased the content of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I-IV in mouse liver. CuSO4 treatment resulted the decrease in the protein and mRNA expression levels of PGC-1α, TFAM, and NRF1, which were the mitochondrial biogenesis regulator proteins. Meanwhile, the proteins involved in mitochondrial fusion were reduced by CuSO4 , such as Mfn1 and Mfn2, however, mitochondrial fission proteins Drip1 and Fis1 were significantly increased. Abovementioned results show that CuSO4 could induce mitochondria damage in the liver of mice, and mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial dynamics are involved in the molecular mechanism of CuSO4 -induced hepatotoxicity.

A Landscape of Micronutrient Dietary Intake by 15- to 65-Years-Old Urban Population in 8 Latin American Countries: Results From the Latin American Study of Health and Nutrition.

Latin American countries have shifted from traditional diets rich in micronutrients to a Westernized diet rich in high energy-dense foods and low in micronutrients. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of adequate micronutrient intakes in urban populations of 8 Latin American countries. Micronutrient dietary intake data were collected from September 2014 to August 2015 from 9216 men and women aged 15.0 to 65.0 years living in urban populations of 8 Latin American countries. Dietary intake was collected using two 24-hour recalls on nonconsecutive days. Micronutrient adequacy of intake was calculated using the Estimated Average Requirement cut-off method. In general terms, the prevalence of inadequate intake of thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, folate, cobalamin, iron, phosphorus, copper, and selenium ranged from 0.4% to 9.9%. In contrast, the prevalence of inadequacy of pyridoxine, zinc, vitamin C, and vitamin A ranged from 15.7% to 51.5%. The nutrients with a critical prevalence of inadequacy were magnesium (80.5%), calcium (85.7%), and vitamin D (98.2%). The highest prevalence of inadequate intakes was observed in the low educational level, participants with overweight/obesity, in men, and varies according to socioeconomic status. There is an urgent need to define direct regional actions and strategies in Latin America aimed at improving micronutrient adequacy, either through staple food fortification programs, agronomic biofortification, or food policies that facilitate economic access to micronutrient-rich foods.

Associations of dietary copper intake with cardiovascular disease and mortality: findings from the Chinese Perspective Urban and Rural Epidemiology (PURE-China) Study

BackgroundPrevious in vitro and animal experiments have shown that copper plays an important role in cardiovascular health. Dietary copper is the main source of copper in the human body and the association between dietary copper and cardiovascular disease remains unclear. Our study aimed to investigate the associations of dietary copper intake with the risk of major cardiovascular disease incidence, cardiovascular disease mortality, and all-cause mortality in Chinese adults.MethodsOur study is based on Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology China (PURE-China), a large prospective cohort study of 47 931 individuals aged 35–70 years from 12 provinces in China. Dietary intake was recorded using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire designed specifically for the Chinese population. The daily intake of copper was obtained by multiplying the daily food intake with the nutrient content provided in the Chinese Food Composition Table (2002). Cox frailty proportional hazards models were developed to evaluate the association between dietary copper intake with mortality, major cardiovascular disease events, and their composite.ResultsA total of 45 101 participants (mean age: 51.1 ± 9.7 years old) with complete information were included in the current study. The mean dietary copper intake was 2.6 ± 1.1 mg/d. During the 482 833 person-years of follow-up, 2 644(5.9%) participants died, 4 012(8.9%) developed new cardiovascular diseases, and 5 608(12.4%) participants experienced the composite endpoint. Compared with those in the first and second quartile of dietary copper intake, individuals in the third and fourth quantile had higher risk of composite outcomes, all-cause death, cardiovascular disease death, major cardiovascular disease and stroke occurrences. The associations remained similar in the subgroup and sensitivity analyses.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrated that excessive dietary copper intake was associated with higher risks of death and cardiovascular diseases in Chinese adults. Further studies in populations with different dietary characteristics are needed to obtain dose–response relationships and to refine global dietary recommendations.

Effects of a low-protein nutritional formula with dietary counseling in older adults with chronic kidney disease stages 3–5: a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundAlthough combining a low-protein diet (LPD) with oral nutritional supplements increases treatment adherence and nutritional status in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), the effect of this combination approach in older adults remains unclear. This study examined the impact of a 6% low-protein formula (6% LPF) with diet counseling in older adults with stage 3–5 CKD.MethodsIn this three-month randomized controlled study, 66 patients (eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2, non-dialysis, over 65 years of age) were randomly assigned to an intervention group (LPD plus a 6% LPF) or control group (LPD alone). The 6% LPF comprised 400 kcal, 6 g of protein, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and various micronutrients. All data were collected at baseline and after three months, including physical performance based on hand grip strength (HGS) and gait speed, nutritional status using Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form (MNA-SF) scores, body composition through bioelectrical impedance analysis, and dietary intake from 24-h dietary records.ResultsThis study incorporated 47 participants (median age, 73; median eGFR, 36 ml/min/1.73 m2; intervention group: 24; control group: 23). The intervention group exhibited significant differences in HGS and gait speed, and micronutrient analysis revealed significantly higher monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), EPA, DHA, calcium, iron, zinc, copper, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, B6, B12, and folic acid intake than the control group. MNA-SF scores, macronutrient intake, and body composition did not differ significantly between the two groups.ConclusionsCompared to LPD counseling alone, an LPD prescription with 6% LPF in older adults with CKD stages 3–5 helped relieve physical deterioration and increased micronutrient intake after three months.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT05318014 (retrospectively registered on 08/04/2022).

Comparison of Dietary Intake of Zinc, Copper, Selenium, and Manganese in Children Having Autism Spectrum Disorders with Healthy Control Children

Comparison of Dietary Intake of Zinc, Copper, Selenium, and Manganese in Children Having Autism Spectrum Disorders with Healthy Control Children

The nutrient intake spectrum: Analyzing the impact of gender and living arrangements in student’s diets

Introduction: University students experience critical stages of growth while pursuing higher education, necessitating proper nourishment to support physical, mental, and cognitive health. However, maintaining a healthy diet is challenging due to various factors such as academic pressures, social obligations, financial constraints, and the availability of unhealthy food options. Prior research has often focused on specific aspects of student nutrition, overlooking the complex interplay of factors such as gender and living arrangements that significantly influence dietary choices. Aim: This study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the factors affecting nutrient consumption among university students, considering the roles of gender and living arrangements, to inform targeted interventions for improving students' dietary behaviors. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 296 students from a public university in Bangladesh was conducted using stratified random sampling to ensure the representation of different residence types and genders. Data were collected via a semi-structured questionnaire and a validated 24-hour dietary recall. Nutrient intakes were calculated using the standardized food composition table of Bangladesh, and statistical analyses, including independent sample t-tests, were applied to assess the significance of differences in dietary intake. Results: The study found variations in both macro and micronutrient intake based on living arrangements and gender. Male dormitory residents showed a higher intake of energy, while home-based female students consumed more calcium. Iron and copper intake was highest among male students living at home. Significant differences in nutrient intake were identified, highlighting the complex influence of living arrangements and gender on students' dietary choices. Conclusion: Gender and living arrangements are pivotal in shaping the nutritional intake of university students. The study’s findings emphasize the need for university administrators and policymakers to consider these factors when designing educational programs and meal plans to ensure they meet the diverse nutritional needs of the student population. Such targeted interventions could significantly enhance the dietary habits and overall health of students in university settings

Dietary intake and serum levels of copper and zinc and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma: A matched case-control study.

Copper and zinc are involved in the development of multiple malignancies; yet, epidemiological evidence on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is limited. This study aimed to investigate the association between dietary intake and serum levels of copper and zinc with the risk of HCC. A total of 434 case-control pairs matched for sex and age (±1 year) were included in this study. Cases with newly diagnosed HCC were from the Guangdong Liver Cancer Cohort (GLCC) study, and healthy controls were from the Guangzhou Nutrition and Health Study (GNHS). A semi-quantitative 79-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess habitual dietary intakes of copper and zinc. Serum levels of copper and zinc were measured by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The copper (Cu)/ zinc (Zn) ratio was computed by dividing copper levels by zinc levels. Conditional logistic regression models were performed to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for per 1 standard deviation increase (per-SD increase) in copper and zinc levels. Higher dietary intake (OR per-SD increase = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.44, 0.96, Ptrend = 0.029) and serum levels of zinc (OR per-SD increase = 0.11, 95% CI: 0.04, 0.30, Ptrend <0.001) were both associated with a lower risk of HCC. Subgroup analyses showed that the inverse association was only pronounced in men but not in women ( Pinteraction = 0.041 for dietary zinc intake and 0.010 for serum zinc levels). Serum copper levels (OR per-SD increase = 2.05, 95% CI: 1.39, 3.03, Ptrend = 0.020) and serum Cu/Zn ratio (OR per-SD increase = 6.53, 95% CI: 2.52, 16.92, Ptrend <0.001) were positively associated with HCC risk, while dietary copper intake and dietary Cu/Zn ratio were not associated with HCC risk. Zinc may be a protective factor for HCC, especially among men, but the effects of copper on HCC risk are not clear.

Association between dietary trace minerals and pelvic inflammatory disease: data from the 2015–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys

ObjectivePelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is a prevalent gynecological disorder. Dietary trace minerals play an important role in combating many chronic diseases including PID. However, it is unknown whether dietary trace minerals and PID are related. This study aimed to examine the relationship between dietary trace minerals (copper, iron, selenium, and zinc) and PID.MethodsData of women participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2015–2018 were enrolled in this cross-sectional investigation. Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses of the relationship between dietary trace minerals and PID were performed, and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analyses were applied to visualize those relationships.ResultsIn total, 2,694 women between the ages of 20 and 59 years participated in the two NHANES cycles. In the univariate analyses, a significant negative relationship was identified between PID and dietary copper intake [odds ratio (OR) = 0.40, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.24–0.67, p &amp;lt; 0.01] but not with iron (OR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.90–1.03, p = 0.25), selenium (OR = 1.0, 95% CI: 0.99–1.0, p = 0.23), and zinc (OR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.86–1.03, p = 0.17) intake. Following the adjustment for age and race (model 1), a robust correlation was found between dietary copper intake and PID (OR = 0.23, 95% CI = 0.09–0.61, p &amp;lt; 0.01), as indicated by the fully adjusted model 2 (OR = 0.29, 95% CI = 0.09–0.90, p = 0.03). Simultaneously, a significant trend was found between copper intake and PID across the quintile subgroups (p for trends &amp;lt;0.05), suggesting a robust relationship. Furthermore, the RCS analysis demonstrated a linear correlation between PID and dietary copper intake (overall p &amp;lt; 0.01, non-linear p = 0.09).ConclusionDecreased dietary copper intakes are linked to PID. However, additional research is needed to fully investigate this relationship due to the constraints of the study design.

The Nutritional Benefit of UV-Exposed Mushrooms for the Dutch Population: Modeling the Addition of UV-Exposed Mushrooms to the Diet

BackgroundMushrooms are rich in fiber and vitamins B and vitamin D when exposed to UV light and are sometimes used as a meat substitute. A modeling study showed that adding a mushroom portion (84 g/d) to the diet of an American population caused a significant improvement in the intake of several nutrients. ObjectiveTo study the association between habitual intake of mushrooms and nutrient intake and to assess the change in micronutrient intake with the modeled addition of 60 or 84 grams of UV-exposed mushrooms to the diet of the Dutch population, with a subanalysis on subjects with a low animal: plant protein ratio. MethodsA modeling study was conducted in 3121 Dutch persons aged 9-80 y, using cross-sectional data from the Dutch National Food Consumption Survey 2012-2016. Linear regression was used to explore the association between habitual intake of mushrooms and nutrients. Habitual intake and nutritional adequacy were calculated before and after the modeled addition of mushrooms. ResultsA small association was observed between the habitual intake of mushrooms and the intake of copper, niacin, and vitamin B2 (beta ranging from 0.002 to 0.039). The modeled addition of UV-exposed mushrooms increased the intakes of plant protein (by 5–7%), fiber (4–6%), niacin (10–20%), vitamin D (176–388%), folate (11–17%), potassium (6–10%), and copper (29–48%). Nutritional adequacy also improved significantly. For subjects with a low animal:plant protein ratio, the added mushrooms increased the intakes of niacin (11–22%), potassium (6–11%), and vitamin D (190–445%). ConclusionsConsumption of mushrooms contributes to higher intakes of copper, niacin, and vitamin B2. Addition of UV-exposed mushrooms to the diet of the Dutch further improves nutrient intakes and, most notably, vitamin D, especially for people with low animal food consumption.

Is There any Correlation Between Nutrient Intake and Mental Health in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease? A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: The prevalence of stress, anxiety, and depression seems to be high in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), which may influence their quality of life. Due to limiting some food groups, these patients suffer from a deficiency of some nutrients, which may be related to mood disorders. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the correlation between nutrient intake, stress, anxiety, and depression in patients with CKD. Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 90 patients with CKD. To assess the diet of the patients, the researchers completed three days of the 24-hour food recall. The short self-report Iranian version of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale 21 (DASS-21) was also used to investigate the participants' mental health. Results: Of the 90 patients examined, 64 were men and 26 were women. There was a significant inverse correlation between depression and the dietary intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) (β = -0.214, P = 0.039) and α-tocopherol (β = -0.225, P = 0.025). A significant inverse correlation was also found between anxiety and the dietary intake of iron (β = -0.319, P = 0.003), copper (β = -0.25, P = 0.031), vitamin B1 (β = -0.314, P = 0.004), vitamin B5 (β = -0.262, P = 0.016), vitamin B6 (β = -0.292, P = 0.007), vitamin B9 (β = -0.241, P = 0.026), fiber (β = -0.224, P = 0.04), and vitamin K (β = -0.26, P = 0.015). Conclusions: The dietary intake of nutrients such as PUFAs, α-tocopherol, B vitamins, vitamin K, iron, copper, and fiber might be associated with depression and anxiety. However, further studies with longitudinal designs are needed to reveal cause-effect relationships in this regard.

Iron, copper, zinc and magnesium on rheumatoid arthritis: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study

ABSTRACT This study aimed to elucidate the causal genetic relationships between iron, copper, zinc, magnesium, and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was conducted using the “TwoSampleMR” and “MendelianRandomization” packages in R. The random-effects inverse variance-weighted (IVW) method was used as the primary approach. We performed sensitivity analyses to test the reliability of the results. The random-effects IVW analysis revealed that there was no genetic causal relationship between iron (P = 0.429, odds ratio [OR] 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.919 [0.746–1.133]), copper (P = 0.313, OR 95% CI = 0.973 [0.921–1.027]), zinc (P = 0.633, OR 95% CI = 0.978 [0.891–1.073]), or magnesium (P = 0.218, OR 95% CI = 0.792 [0.546–1.148]) and RA. Sensitivity analysis verified the reliability of the results. Therefore, there is no evidence to support a causal relationship between iron, copper, zinc, and magnesium intake at the genetic level and the development of RA.

Association of Maternal Diet with Infant Birthweight in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Objective: This study aimed to explore the potential impact of pre-pregnancy and early pregnancy maternal nutrition on the incidence of small-for-gestational-age neonates (SGA) in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted between 2020 and 2022 at the 3rd Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece). Pregnant women from routine care were surveyed about their dietary habits during two distinct periods: six months prior to pregnancy (period A) and from the onset of pregnancy until the oral glucose tolerance test at 24–28 gestational weeks (period B). The intake of various micronutrients and macronutrients was quantified from the questionnaire responses. Logistic regression models, adjusted for potential confounders including age, pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), smoking status, physical activity and parity, were used to evaluate the association between nutrient intake and small-for-gestational-age neonate incidence. Results: In total, 850 women were screened and of these, 90 (11%) were diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus and were included in the study. There were significant associations between the intake of specific nutrients and the occurrence of small-for-gestational-age neonates; higher fat intake compared to non-small for gestationa age during period B (aOR: 1.1, p = 0.005) was associated with an increased risk for small-for-gestational-age neonates, while lower intake of carbohydrates (g) (aOR: 0.95, p = 0.005), fiber intake (aOR: 0.79, p = 0.045), magnesium (aOR: 0.96, p = 0.019), and copper (aOR:0.01, p = 0.018) intake during period B were significantly associated with a decreased risk for small-for-gestational-age neonates. Conclusions: The findings of this study highlight the potential role of maternal nutrition in modulating the risk of small for gestational age neonatesamong women with gestational diabetes mellitus. The results advocate for further research on the assessment and modification of both pre-pregnancy and early pregnancy nutrition for women, especially those at higher risk of gestational diabetes mellitus, to reduce the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus.

Association between magnesium, copper, and potassium intakes with risk of rheumatoid arthritis: a cross-sectional study from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)

BackgroundThe relationship between Mg (magnesium), Cu (copper), and K (potassium) intakes and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remains limited. The aim of present study was to examine the associations between Mg, Cu and K intakes with RA.MethodsUsing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003–2018, we examined the association between Mg, Cu and K intakes and the risk of RA among US adults. After adjustment for age, sex, race, BMI, educational level, smoking history, alcohol consumption, family Poverty Income Ratio (PIR), diabetes and total daily energy intake, logistic regression models and smooth curve fitting were applied to examine the associations of Mg, Cu and K intakes with RA.ResultsA total of 18,338 participants were included (1,008 participants with RA). The multivariate adjusted ORs (95% CI) of RA were [0.66 (0.51, 0.84)], [0.76 (0.60, 0.97)], and [0.75 (0.58, 0.97)] in the highest versus lowest quartile of magnesium intakes, respectively. A nonlinear association between Cu intakes and RA was found. When Cu intake (ln) was between 0.6–2.2 mg, the risk of RA reduced by 26% for every 1 mg increase of intake in Cu [0.74 (0.58, 0.96)].ConclusionsHigher Mg, Cu and K intakes may be inversely associated with the risk of RA among US adults, and an inverse L-shaped association between dietary Cu and RA was found.

Disruption of intestinal structure, tight junction complex, immune response and microbiota after chronic exposure to copper in swamp eel (Monopterus albus)

As an essential micronutrient, copper is crucial in aquatic organisms' growth and development. Numerous studies have consistently reported that excessive intake of copper can have harmful effects on organisms. However, there are limited studies on the impact of copper on the intestine of the swamp eel (Monopterus albus). This study aimed to investigate the changes of intestinal histopathology, tight junction complex, immune response, and microbiota in swamp eel treated with 0 mg/L Cu2+, 0.05 mg/L Cu2+, and 0.10 mg/L Cu2+ for 56 d. Intestinal histopathology showed major changes such as the increased number of erythrocytes and goblet cells in the lamina propria, and separation of the lamina propria. The expression of genes involved in tight junction complex (ZO-1, Claudin-3, Claudin-12 and Claudin-15) was significantly changed. In addition, copper exposure significantly increased the mRNA levels of TLR3, TLR7, TLR8, NF-κB, I-κB, TNF-α and IL-8, especially in 0.10 mg/L Cu2+ group. In contrast, the relative expression level of anti-inflammatory cytokine TGF-β was significantly decreased after exposure to copper. Analysis of the intestinal microbiome showed the intestinal microbiota of swamp eels in the control and copper exposure groups were dominated by Firmicutes and Proteobacteria at the phylum level. Notably, copper exposure changed the diversity of the intestinal microbiota and decreased the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria in the intestine of swamp eel. Collectively, this study demonstrates that chronic copper exposure induces intestinal pathologic changes and inflammatory response, disrupts the intestinal microbial diversity and microbiota composition, and decreases intestinal barrier function in swamp eel, which enhances our understanding of copper-induced intestinal toxicity in fish.