The nutrient intake spectrum: Analyzing the impact of gender and living arrangements in student’s diets

Abstract

Introduction: University students experience critical stages of growth while pursuing higher education, necessitating proper nourishment to support physical, mental, and cognitive health. However, maintaining a healthy diet is challenging due to various factors such as academic pressures, social obligations, financial constraints, and the availability of unhealthy food options. Prior research has often focused on specific aspects of student nutrition, overlooking the complex interplay of factors such as gender and living arrangements that significantly influence dietary choices. Aim: This study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the factors affecting nutrient consumption among university students, considering the roles of gender and living arrangements, to inform targeted interventions for improving students' dietary behaviors. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 296 students from a public university in Bangladesh was conducted using stratified random sampling to ensure the representation of different residence types and genders. Data were collected via a semi-structured questionnaire and a validated 24-hour dietary recall. Nutrient intakes were calculated using the standardized food composition table of Bangladesh, and statistical analyses, including independent sample t-tests, were applied to assess the significance of differences in dietary intake. Results: The study found variations in both macro and micronutrient intake based on living arrangements and gender. Male dormitory residents showed a higher intake of energy, while home-based female students consumed more calcium. Iron and copper intake was highest among male students living at home. Significant differences in nutrient intake were identified, highlighting the complex influence of living arrangements and gender on students' dietary choices. Conclusion: Gender and living arrangements are pivotal in shaping the nutritional intake of university students. The study’s findings emphasize the need for university administrators and policymakers to consider these factors when designing educational programs and meal plans to ensure they meet the diverse nutritional needs of the student population. Such targeted interventions could significantly enhance the dietary habits and overall health of students in university settings