Hybrid Installation Research Articles

Multistage power and energy management strategy for hybrid microgrid with photovoltaic production and hydrogen storage

For several years, microgrids (MGs) integrated with smart grids have been presented as one of the promising solutions for better integration of intermittent renewable energy sources (RES). As a result, the interest for the development of MGs has increased. Due to the variability of RES as well as the non-synchronization of intermittent RES production and energy consumption, new storage systems have emerged. The integration of hydrogen produced via water electrolysis powered by RES, the production of electricity through fuel cells (FCs) and the storage of hydrogen are becoming more and more attractive. In this paper, a multistage power and energy management strategy (MSPEMS) is presented for a MG with photovoltaic (PV) as a RES and a battery energy storage system, a FC and an Electrolyzer. The objective is to solve a unit commitment problem considering the different constraints of the MG components. The power management system (PMS) is based on a Distributed explicit model predictive control (DeMPC), whereas the energy management system (EMS) relies on a mixed-integer quadratic programming (MIQP) optimization problem. The interaction between the power management system (PMS) and the energy management system (EMS) is analyzed in order to improve their effectiveness. The PMS and the EMS are almost always developed separately and their interaction is not investigated. This point is an important contribution to the scientific community and the development of hybrid installations with intermittent sources, especially for hydrogen technologies. The performance of the power and energy management strategy (PEMS) is evaluated using simulation results and different predefined key performance indicators (KPI). The performance analysis shows that the proposed MSPEMS avoid inadequate start-up of the FC and the Electrolyzer.

PELATIHAN DAN PEMBANGUNAN HYBRIDISASI PLT MIKROHYDRO–PLT SOLAR POWER DI GEREJA KATOLIK ST.ANNA LEKKE KEC. SIMBUANG KABUPATEN TANA TORAJA

Currently, people at Lekke Village use electricity supplied by Micro hydro Power Plant. The plant of this turbine is located at about 5-6 km from the village and operates only about 10-12 hours per day, from 06.00 PM in evening to 06.00 AM in the morning. The remote location of the micro hydro plant decreases the received voltage at the community. Besides, the unstable condition of turbine installed at Lekke Village resulted in the fluctuation of the output frequency and voltage. At dry season, the decrement of water flow makes the decrement of the supplied power from the micro hydro plant. While in rainy season, the turbine sometimes fail to operate properly because of garbage, dry leaves, etc. which fall into the river and blocked its flow. Due to this condition, the needs of electricity at Lekke Village are crucial and needs the installation of solar power to meet the community needs. This activity trains local people to have a basic ability on how to build hybrid power installation of turbine and solar power. For this purpose Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (PKM) Team from Enginering Faculty of Atmajaya Makassar University is funded by Dirjen Pendidikan Tinggi, Riset dan Teknologi Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan through Kegiatan Bantuan Pendanaan Program Penelitian Kebijakan Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka dan Pengabdian Masyarakat Berbasis Hasil Penelitian dan Purwarupa PTS Ditjen Diktiristek. This training provides 2 basic skills to local people: 1). How to install Solar Power to be used at Sound System and lighting in the St.Anna church; 2) How to build the control system for the hybridization of micro hydro power-solar power. This training conducts in 2 consecutive session which is training session and installation session. Training session provide basic knowledge of micro hydro power-solar power to the local people and at the installation session the local people together with the trainer work together to install the solar power at St. Anna Church. This activity installs 2X140 WP solar panel with capacity equal to 140 Watt. The solar panel supported by 2x60 Watt batteries. After the installation, the installed system at St.Anna Church able to work 24 hours, supply 70 Watt Sound System and activate 10 lighting points where each point needs 7 Watt. The hybrid installation equipped with a controller that gives ability to select the input power from micro hydro power or from solar power

Methodological Basis of Nuclear Medicine in Pediatric

Methodological foundations of nuclear medicine in pediatrics are analyzed on the basis of literature data and personal experience. The main directions of radionuclide diagnostics and radionuclide therapy in children are briefly considered. The importance of accurate determination of the optimal value of the activity of a specific radiopharmaceutical administered to a child, considering his body weight and the study protocol, was noted. A tendency to an increase in the radiation load on patients is shown due to the widespread introduction into clinical practice of hybrid installations for radionuclide studies, when using which the dose of internal radiation from radiopharmaceuticals is supplemented by the dose of external radiation from X-ray CT. The need to consider the risk of radiation-induced carcinogenesis during nuclear medical procedures, the likelihood of which in children is significantly higher than in adults, is emphasized. The technological and psychological features of these procedures in children are discussed. The necessity of revision of domestic normative documents regulating the use of means and methods of nuclear medicine in pediatrics has been substantiated.

ГИБРИДНЫЕ ИСТОЧНИКИ ЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКОЙ И ТЕПЛОВОЙ ЭНЕРГИИ

The article discusses various designs of electrolysis plants using solar energy as the main power source. The expediency of using fuel cells to create a hybrid power supply system is shown. The possibility of obtaining and using thermal energy in such installations is noted. Dependences of the characteristics of the elements of hybrid installations on changing parameters are revealed. Recommendations for efficient operation are given.

Hybrid Energy Piles as a Smart and Sustainable Foundation

The disused factories’ areas represent a considerable part of the industrial archaeology of the city of Naples. In the last decades of the previous century, many of these factories were disused also because of the ban of asbestos production by the Italian law 257/1992. Of course, this was not the only problem that concurred to create a large amount of disused industrial areas. Often the simple delocalisation of manufactories in other countries contributed to this problem. The reuse of these areas requires polluted and contaminated land reclamation. The simple removal of the shallow soil layers is a widely used reclamation procedure. Furthermore, drilling operations either for piling or for tunnelling may incur in the same type of problem taking into account that this movement can be very expensive depending on the total volume of soil to be removed and to be taken to disposal. In this study a hybrid pile type is proposed as an environmentally friendly and a cheap solution. Hybrid piles are installed by a combination of pushing and augering technique. This installation method allows avoiding the removal and the subsequent disposal of shallow contaminated soil. The mechanical behaviour of three hybrid piles equipped with strain gauges along the shaft is investigated via three loading tests. In the framework of the design of a new mall in a disused industrial area, the opportunity to provide a fully sustainable foundation solution by equipping the piles with heat exchangers pipes is also investigated. Numerical simulations of the energy hybrid pile behaviour are presented outlining further benefits of the new hybrid installation technique and comparing two different configuration of the heat exchanger pipes. Doi: 10.28991/HEF-2021-02-03-010 Full Text: PDF

Intelligent autonomous street lighting system based on weather forecast using LSTM

Existing traditional street lighting systems are characterized by a high level of energy consumption compared to automated intelligent systems that offer different operating modes depending on traffic and power system load. The most promising energy sources systems are hybrid installations that switch the load to the grid in adverse weather conditions. Such systems may increase the energy efficiency of the street lighting system, but they are not completely autonomous. In this case, the most important problem is to provide the street lighting system with energy in adverse weather conditions. In this paper, an autonomous street lighting system with adaptive energy consumption based on weather forecast was shown. The proposed street lighting system is completely independent of traditional power sources and is completely powered by solar panels. The main energy consumers of a street lighting system are lamps. The consumption of lamps can be changed to the minimum brightness level required by outdoor lighting standards. Forecasts of energy generation by solar panels can be obtained using LSTM. It is based on weather and solar radiation forecasts data for the coming days. The brightness levels of lamps are calculated and changed using the methods proposed in this paper. The probability of reaching the critical level of batteries does not exceed 0.10% and fluctuates around 0.05% most of the time when simulating for 1000 days under random weather conditions. Simulation of energy consumption by the street lighting system using the proposed method shows stable and sustainable performance in Almaty, Kazakhstan. The obtained results in this work can be used for designing autonomous street lighting and outdoor lighting systems.

Towards green transition of touristic islands through hybrid renewable energy systems. A case study in Tenerife, Canary Islands

The Canary Islands are still largely dependent on expensive imported fossil fuels, are stressed by the increasing touristic impact and are extremely vulnerable to climate change due to water scarcity. Water desalinisation is an energy-demanding process and is essential to the sustainable development of these islands. The aim of this study is to explore the potential advantages of a hybrid installation, exploiting two different renewable energy sources, specifically waves and solar, to supply a large desalination plant in Tenerife. The paper ultimately provides a generally applicable procedure for the design of hybrid installations, including three steps: the assessment of available renewable energy sources, the optimal combination of these sources and finally the economic assessment. The wave and solar resources are assessed first, then the hybrid installation is conceptually designed, proposing a criterion for the optimal mixing of the renewable energy sources that can be applied to other resources and other sites. The basic idea is to maximise the exploitation of the renewable power, minimizing the need of the fossil-based back-up system. The costs of the hybrid installation are finally assessed considering the sensitivity to government incentives, showing that the project parity point is reached within the lifetime of typical desalination plants (i.e. 40 years) and can be significantly more attractive in case of Feed-In-Tariffs available in other European countries.

Актуальные проблемы ядерной медицины в педиатрии (обзор)

On the basis of literature data and personal experience, the current state and prospects for the development of nuclear medicine in pediatrics are analyzed. The main directions of radionuclide diagnostics and radionuclide therapy in children are briefly considered. The importance of accu-rate determination of the optimal value of the activity of a specific radiopharmaceutical adminis-tered to a child, taking into account his body weight and the study protocol, was noted. A tendency for an increase in the radiation load on patients is shown due to the widespread introduction into clinical practice of hybrid installations for radionuclide studies, when using which the dose of in-ternal radiation from radiopharmaceuticals is supplemented by the dose of external radiation from X-ray CT. The need to take into account the risk of radiation-induced carcinogenesis in nu-clear medical procedures, the probability of which in children is significantly higher than in adults, is emphasized. The technological and psychological features of these procedures in children are discussed. The necessity of substantial revision of domestic normative documents regulating the use of means and methods of nuclear medicine in pediatrics has been substantiated.

The Short-Circuit Protections in Hybrid Systems with Low-Power Synchronous Generators

Single-phase short-circuits are most often faults in electrical systems. The analysis of this damage type is taken for backup power supply systems, from small power synchronous generators. For these hybrid installations, there is a need for standard protection devices, such as fuses or miniature circuit breaker (MCB) analysis. Experimental research mentioned that a typical protective apparatus in low-voltage installations, working correctly during supplying from the grid, does not guarantee fast off-switching, while short-circuits occur during supplication from the backup generator set. The analysis of single-phase short-circuits is executed both for current waveform character (including sub-transient and transient states) and the carried energy, to show the problems with the fuses and MCB usage, to protect circuits in installations fed in a hybrid way (from the grid and synchronous generator set).

Working with Legacy Relational Data in A Graph-Based World

The Next Generation Linkage Management System (NGLMS) was designed around keeping all data in a graph database. However, this constraint, while easily achievable for greenfield projects and/or new data linkage units, may not be easily met where legacy data exists.
 Objectives and ApproachThe NGLMS was extended to encompassed system where data was held partially or even completely in a relational database. By grouping the data managed by the NGLMS into system metadata, record link data and record data and allowing system metadata and record data to be stored separately and independently in either a relational or a graph database, the NGLMS allows hybrid installations of mixed graph and relational data and, with some loss of functionality, purely relational installations.
 ResultsThe functionality of the NGLMS was expanded to allow review of existing legacy data stored in a relational database system. Through minor changes to the server used by the NGLMS Clerical Review tool (NGLMS-CR) the review tools was able to present the same interface and allow the same integration as project stored completely within the graph database.
 Hybrid projects where link information was stored in a graph could be accommodated with no loss of functionality.Relational-only projects allowed clerical review of identified clusters in a manner identical to the graph-only NGLMS but involved some curtailment of the advanced clustering, time-slicing, compositional and concurrent functionality of the NGLMS due to the loss of the functionality provided by a graph database. They do provide an upgrade pathway to hybrid projects and then graph-only projects.
 Conclusion / ImplicationsAllowing the NGLMS to be configured as a hybrid system enables a gradual adoption of the NGLMS toolset and software.
 
 purely relational data still allows the use of the NGLMS-CR with customisable workpools and workflows
 a hybrid relational/graph system where record data is still kept in a relational store but cluster and linkage information is kept in the graph store allows the use of legacy data without major disruption and provides a pathway to full adoption

Development of a novel wide-angle gamma-ray imaging air Cherenkov telescope with SiPM-based camera for the TAIGA hybrid installation

The TAIGA complex-detector is designed to study gamma and cosmic rays in the energy range above 30 TeV. We are developing a novel wide-angle imaging air Cherenkov telescope with a SiPM based camera with a field of view of 15–20̂ and an aperture of around 1 m2. In this report we present the design of the telescope imaging camera (optical and data acquisition systems), based on 1000–1200 SiPMs. The prototype of such camera, based on 49 SiPMs, is operating at the TAIGA's site in the Tunka valley since September 2019. The design of the prototype and the preliminary results of data analysis is presented.

A Hybrid vs. On-Grid Photovoltaic System: Multicriteria Analysis of Environmental, Economic, and Technical Aspects in Life Cycle Perspective

Hybrid photovoltaic installations, defined as on-grid PV system in cooperation with battery energy storage system (BESS), are still rare among the typical investors because the investment cost of the hybrid installation is significantly higher than the one of the on-grid system. However, while considering the broader perspective, such as environmental or technological aspects, the mentioned solution can be competitive with photovoltaic on-grid systems and therefore should be carefully tested in the widest possible context. In this study, the authors compared 3.05 kW of peak power hybrid and on-grid installations operating in temperate climate conditions (Eastern Poland) using economic indicators, such as dynamic generation cost (DGC) and benefit–cost rate (BCR); environmental impact indicators (IMPACT 2002+ and GWP 100a) determined using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA); and technological aspects consideration, including the reliability of examined systems. Creating a ranking of the considered solutions based on the equal weighting factors assigned to the appropriate features allows indicating the technological areas where the competitiveness of hybrid systems justifies the increased investment costs. One such area is business, where the economic criterion, the only negatively assessed one in the standard operation, can be radically changed by the possible financial losses due to interruption of energy supply.

Study of Hybrid Wind–Solar Systems for the Iraq Energy Complex

This article presents the results of a study of a combined wind–photovoltaic installation for use in the energy sector of the Republic of Iraq. The presented hybrid system is proposed for providing energy to utility customers in Iraq and for its energy sector. Iraqi consumers are experiencing a constant shortage of electricity, and the proposed solution for joint generation of energy by wind–solar installations will help solve this problem. The authors show a total increase in the efficiency of the mini-energy complex due to the combined generation of electric energy by converting the wind flow and solar radiation. This study is devoted to the analysis and modeling of a small autonomous hybrid wind–solar energy system. During the study, parameters such as the angle of inclination, rotor diameter, wind speed, etc., were considered. The simulation of the photovoltaic installation is carried out under nominal conditions, such as the temperature of the silicon cell, solar insolation, etc. The MATLAB computer program was used to describe the mathematical models of small horizontal axes of wind turbines and photovoltaic systems. An experimental study was carried out using low power installations. The research results show that when using hybrid wind–solar systems to provide the energy complex in Iraq, the total production of the hybrid installation increases significantly. Moreover, the generation of electric energy by wind and solar installations in different months of the year is different. Those in the summer months, mainly photovoltaic batteries operate, and in the winter months, wind turbines make the main contribution to energy generation. As a result, the joint work of wind and solar installations to generate electrical energy helps to establish more uniform generation throughout the year. Such hybrid systems increase the reliability of the energy complex based on renewable energy sources. The introduction of the presented systems to provide individual consumers seems promising in the field of alternative energy.

Performance assessment of hybrid PV-wind systems on high-rise rooftops in the Brussels-Capital Region

In cities, the tallest rooftops have the best potential for electricity production. They often combine good wind and solar conditions with available space. Rooftop-mounted photovoltaic (PV) panels have already proven their efficiency and profitability. For tall rooftops with good wind conditions, also small wind turbines can be economically viable. However, hybrid PV-wind systems apparently have never been studied for these limited spaces. In this work, we study the technical, economic and environmental performance of hybrid PV/wind systems installed on tall buildings. From the rooftop plan, the building electricity consumption and the solar and wind resources of a roof, we developed an algorithm that generates hybrid retrofitting configurations and calculates their global performance. We then use the algorithm for two high-rise buildings in the Brussels-Capital Region.For these two real case studies, in which all building and energy characteristics are known (i.e. rooftop plan, energy consumption) and where we measured wind and solar resources, we observe that hybrid PV/wind systems show good technical, economic and environmental performance. They also offer a good trade-off between economic and environmental objectives. However, we observe that the shadow impact from the turbines on PV panels is much larger than for ground-based hybrid installations (about 1% to 8% annual loss of irradiance).

Hybrid installations for multimodal PET/SPECT/CT visualization in Ukraine and quality control in nuclear medicine

P.L. Shupyk National University of Health of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine SI "O.O. Shalimov National Institute of Surgery and Transplantology of the NAMS of Ukraine", Kiev, Ukraine The article considers the prospects of using hybrid imaging methods (PET/SPECT/CT) and quality control in nuclear medicine. The quality control system is a comprehensive measure that involves the creation and implementation of quality guidelines, quality control programs, instructions and protocols for checking control parameters. A quality control audit is a measure that allows you to verify the proper functioning of the department, identify and eliminate errors and improve the quality of patient care. All technical parameters of the devices should be checked according to standardized protocols to ensure reproduction and comparability of results. The availability of additional equipment for inspections of control parameters must be provided in advance, as well as a set of actions aimed at maintaining the quality of equipment and its timely update in order to meet modern requirements. Due to the integration of SPECT, PET and CT modules, the multimodal system is used for use in various fields of clinical medicine, in particular in oncology, cardiology, endocrinology and neurology. The comprehensive implementation of a quality management system for diagnostic tests, as an end result, allows to increase the effectiveness of these tests (not only in nuclear medicine) and to guarantee "trust" in these methods. Key words: hybrid imaging, nuclear medicine, positron emission tomography, single-photon emission computed tomography, quality control.

Gas-cooled thorium reactor at various fuel loadings and its modification by a plasma source of extra neutrons

This work presents the results of computer simulation of neutronic processes in a high-temperature gas-cooled thorium reactor for 30 different options of core loading. To guarantee stable and long-term reactor operation (7–10 years), the quantity of fuel compact dispersion phase and starting fuel composition was selected. It is demonstrated that it is possible in principle to substitute the near-axial recirculation zone of the reactor core by a long magnetic trap with a high-temperature plasma column for generating thermonuclear neutrons. The distribution of neutron yield along the length of the plasma source is also presented. Such a thorium reactor, with a near-axial source of extra neutrons, can be applied for researching thermophysical and neutronic characteristics of dispersion thorium fuel to improve its properties. The results of the work are of great interest from the perspective of future advancement of the thermonuclear power industry, by means of creation of a hybrid installation based on a thorium reactor with a long plasma column as a source of additional neutrons.

Optimized wind and wave energy resource assessment and offshore exploitability in the Mediterranean Sea

A mapping of wind and wave potentials of the whole Mediterranean basin, aimed at identifying the areas where wind and wave events are not time-correlated, was performed in order to plan offshore coupled wind-wave energy extraction. For this purpose, meteorological and marine conditions of the whole Mediterranean basin for the period 1979–2016 were obtained by means of WRF and WaveWatchIII simulations. More promising areas where to plan a hybrid installation for the joint exploitation of wind and wave energy resources were thus selected on the basis of a suitable statistical index. Such an index, combines information on the availability of wind and waves together with the degree of correlation of the occurrence of the two resources. The index will efficiently select the most interesting area in the Mediterranean Sea characterized by non-concomitant-in-time availability of wind and wave thus ensuring an optimized time-availability of the combined resources. Finally the power production of an hypothetical hybrid plant composed by different models of wind rotors and wave energy converters is evaluated for four test sites. The results of this analysis shows that the described index represents a useful tool for preliminary evaluation of areas where combined wind-wave energy extraction could be more profitable.

Підготовка фахівців з ремонту та обслуговування електромобілів в Україні

The purpose of the article is to analyse the market of the environmentally friendly cars in Ukraine within the training of specialists in repairing and maintaining electric vehicles in Ukraine. Taking into consideration international trends, the prospects for their use in Ukraine are very relevant. However, the speed of the adoption of legislative decisions leads to the inhibition of this process. As a result, the infrastructure is not developing in this direction. The potential buyer of an electric vehicle pushes away the purchase of an electric vehicle due to the lack of service, since it is almost impossible to find highly skilled personnel who can service and repair electric vehicles. Therefore, the issue of the personnel support within this area remains unsolved. The content of the notions “competence” and “specialist in the repair and maintenance of electric vehicles” have been determined. A specialist of the specified profile should be an expert on the scheduled maintenance of electric vehicles; be good at certification issues, diagnostics and repair of high-voltage batteries and electronic systems, maintenance of chargers, repair of hybrid installations, etc. The educational institutions where training specialists in repairing and maintaining electric vehicle is carried out have been analyzed. There are many educational institutions which provide training in the area of “Automobile Transport”; however, the training of specialists in maintaining and repairing electric vehicles has not been not carried out within this area. A great number of unsolved issues substantiate the reason for the above said: the legislative framework, material, technical and methodological support, including the issues devoted to the training of university instructors majoring in special disciplines as well as to the internship courses intended for the teachers and masters of practical training within the system of professional (vocational) education. The curriculum on the discipline “Hybrid and electric transmission of vehicles” has been elaborated and proposed. The proposed curriculum involves the mastering of theoretical and practical knowledge and skills in determining the characteristics of hybrid and electric transmission of vehicles; it can serve as a professional qualification program for training specialists in the repair and maintenance of electric vehicles in Ukraine. Keywords: electric vehicles, hybrids, specialists in the repair and maintenance of electric vehicles, competence, curriculum.

Evaluation of hybrid heating systems with a combination of fossil and renewable energy sources

Natural gas heating systems are traditionally very popular in private sector in Latvia because of their numerous advantages, such as high efficiency, relatively low CO2 emissions, automation possibilities and convenient fuel supply, as well as widely available natural gas distribution network. Household natural gas consumption has remained fairly stable over the last decade and accounted for 11.3% of total natural gas consumption in 2017, however, natural gas consumption may decline in the near future, because of installation of renewable energy powered systems which improve systems’ resilience and reduce expenses on heating and hot water preparation. Curently hybrid gas boilers in combination with solar thermal panels are promoted on the market as the most efficient and environmentally friendly solutions. The main aim of this study is to perform a detailed simulation on hybrid gas systems energy production in Latvian climate and to evaluate potential energy savings. The performed simulation results show that solar thermal panels do not actually reduce the consumption of natural gas in November, December and January, whereas in the summer months solar thermal panels almost entirely provide the needed energy to prepare hot water. Nevertheless, the annual savings for a single family house are minor and the payback time for the installation of hybrid gas/solar systems could exceed 20 years.

Field measurements and energy performance analysis of renewable energy source devices in a heating and cooling system in a residential building in southern Poland

The article presents long-term results of experimental tests of a hybrid installation (HI) consisting of four heating devices, three of which use renewable energy sources (RES). The HI is operating in a residential and retail building located near Kraków, in southern Poland. There is little experience with the operation of such installations, therefore, the purpose of this paper is to discuss significant aspects related to the implementation and operation of HI in a moderate, transitory climate. The research was carried out from 2011 to 2017. The share of solar collectors in annual heat generation ranged between 7.4% and 12.5%, with an average annual efficiency to 38%. The annual performance of a ground-source heat pump in the heating mode ranged from 3.5 to 3.8, and in the passive cooling mode, it reached up to 11.87. The annual efficiency of a gas condensing boiler was from 77.5% to 82.2%. Annually, the largest amounts of heat were supplied by a biomass boiler i.e. from 30% to as much as 50%. The paper disclosed clearly that it is possible to reach in HI high level of RES share in heat generation. A key issue requiring further research is the development of appropriate algorithms in the control systems of HI.