Hybrid Installation Research Articles

Techno-Economic Study for Hybrid Renewable Energy System for Coastal Residential Application in Pekan, Pahang

Techno-economic study is needful to optimize the usage of renewable energy components that targeting low cost of electricity generation system. The selected case study area is coastal area in Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia. The autonomous system designed in this study is hybrid standalone PV-wind-diesel energy system to fulfil a 20.1 kWh/day demand for a coastal housing. Such power system was designed and optimized further to meet the power demand at a minimum cost of energy using energy optimization software, Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewables (HOMER). The analysis was focused on the operational characteristics, economics and environmental. The standalone PV-wind-diesel energy system has total net present cost about $61, 911 with cost of energy $0.66/kWh. Apparently, the generation of electricity from both wind turbine and PV was inflated with the diesel generator system. From the payback period calculation, time taken to recover full capital invested through the installation of hybrid PV-wind-diesel is six years. Moreover, the installation of diesel generator should be optimizing in order to mitigate the environmental emissions

Fuzzy Logic Optimization of a Centralized Energy Management Strategy for a Hybrid PV/PEMFC System Feeding a Water Pumping Station

This paper shows a developed fuzzy logic supervisor used to manage energy flow in a hybrid renewable energy system composed of a photovoltaic generator and a proton exchange membrane fuel cell. The hybrid installation is used to feed a pumping system used to store water in a tank in order to use it whenever needed. This system is widely used especially for agriculture purposes but batteries are used to maintain continuous water pumping when the solar irradiance quantity is not enough for the photovoltaic generator to provide needed power for the pumping system. The proposed solution guarantees continuous power production and water availability with the least possible costs thanks to the developed management strategy. The obtained results prove the efficiency of the studied technique in reducing fuel consumption by minimizing its utilization as maximum as possible and that continuous water pumping process is guaranteed.

О рациональности применения ветросолнечных установок для обслуживания объектов нефтяной отрасли

О рациональности применения ветросолнечных установок для обслуживания объектов нефтяной отрасли

Analysis of the incremental cost method and the net present value method applied in the energy sector

The study characterizes hybrid sources applied in the power industry, created with the use of unconventional energy sources. An example of cooperation of heat pumps and conventional sources was used. The article notes the technological progress also concerning heat exchangers. To calculate economic efficiency, the MKN Incremental Cost Method and the NPV Net Present Value method were used. The article refers to the calculation of investment outlays and operating costs and repayment of a bank loan for individual heat sources. The possibility of assuming separate values of discount rates for the installation of heat pumps and hybrid boilers as well as the comparative installation were shown. Also included is the possibility of adopting a separate discount rate for income derived from savings associated with the purchase of fuel and energy and the sale of heat to a third party consumer. The analysis covered the MKN Incremental Cost Method and the NPV Net Present Value method. The computational algorithm contains costs of hybrid installation with heat pumps and costs of a comparative conventional installation in a version without revenues and with revenues from the sale of heat. Presented is the method of calculating the net present value in the next year of operation, discounting to the zero year and observing in which year the positive value will be obtained. Economic calculations, according to popular views, are the basis for choosing the optimal heating variant. Ecological effects and social demand may provide additional separate criteria in the selection of the heating system.

Terapias de expresión artística a través de la instalación

The hybrid installation as a means of expression in which the use of space is viewed with a sense of creative intervention, - architecture, painting, sculpture, photography, video, performance, dance, drama and music- among other disciplines, provides to the field of therapy a sensory and propositional universe that can be taken as conceptual basis in the therapeutic process through the arts. Based on the analysis of conceptual aspects and reference artists of the installation and taking into consideration aspects pertaining to therapies of artistic expression, there are art-therapeutics sessions based on the use of the installation.

Hybrid heating installations

The article presents important considerations related to the use of renewable energy installations in modern buildings for various purposes. The essence of the matter is the question of an innovative technical solution for heating installations and preparation of hot water in moderate climate conditions, in order to obtain the effect of the lowest cost of the maintenance and operation of the building in the heating season. Keywords: construction, buildings heating, renewable energy, hybrid installations

Utilisation of waste heat from the power plant by use of the ORC aided with bleed steam and extra source of heat

Utilization of waste heat recovered from the exhaust gases of the power generation unit by means of ORC (organic Rankine cycles) installation is considered. The waste heat is available in the form of a stream of hot water having temperature of 90 °C in the amount of 200 MWt. To increase evaporation temperature of ORC working fluid the heat of steam from the extraction points from the low-pressure part of steam turbine is used. Subsequently additional heat from compressor cooling of the carbon dioxide capture and storage installation is also considered as a way to provide extra heat to the ORC. Thermodynamic analysis of the supercritical plant with and without incorporation of ORC was accomplished using a commercial code Aspen Plus. For ORC considered were four working fluids such as n-pentane, ethanol, R236ea and R245fa. Determined were major parameter describing the operational features of the hybrid power plant such as the change of the unit power, efficiency and increase of electricity production of the hybrid installation consisting of the reference plant and the ORC. The highest thermal efficiency of the ORC is obtained in the case ethanol as working fluid, whereas the highest amount of electricity is produced in the case of R236ea.

Simulations of hybrid system varying solar radiation and microturbine response time

Hybrid power systems, such as combinations of renewable power sources with intermittent power production and non-renewable power sources, theoretically increase the reliability and thus integration of renewable sources in the electrical system. However, a recent increase in the number of hybrid installations has sparked interest in the effects of their connection to the grid, especially in remote areas. This paper analyses a photovoltaic-gas microturbine hybrid system dimensioned to be installed in La Paz (Mexico).The research presented in this paper studies and quantifies the effects on the total electric power produced, varying both the solar radiation and the gas microturbine response time. The gas microturbine and the photovoltaic panels are modelled using Matlab/Simulink software, obtaining a platform where different tests to simulate real conditions have been executed. They consist of diverse ramps of irradiance that replicate solar radiation variations, and different microturbine response times reproduced by the time constants of a first order transfer function that models the microturbine dynamic response. The results obtained show that when radiation varies quickly it does not produce significant differences in the power guarantee or the microturbine gas consumption, to any microturbine response time. However, these two parameters are highly variable with smooth radiance variations. The maximum total power variation decreases greatly as the radiation variation gets lower. In addition, by decreasing the microturbine response time, it is possible to appreciably increase the power guarantee although the maximum power variation and gas consumption increase. Only in cases of low radiation variation is there no appreciable difference in the maximum power variation obtained by the different turbine response times.

Experimental study on the capture of CO2 from flue gas using adsorption combined with membrane separation

The removal of carbon dioxide from flue gas streams can be carried out using standard separation techniques, such as adsorption or membrane separation. However, due to the low CO2 concentrations (below 20vol.%), the adequate purity and recovery of CO2 in the product can usually be achieved by using two-stage systems, in which the high recovery is commonly obtained by minimizing CO2 content in the gas leaving stage 1 and recycling the CO2 that remains after stage 2 to the inlet of the installation. The hybrid technique is an alternative to the two-stage adsorptive or membrane systems, both simpler and, potentially, more economical. In the hybrid process, proposed in this paper stage one includes a four-column VSA (vacuum swing adsorption) unit, whereas stage two is a membrane module. Extensive experiments were performed in a demonstration hybrid installation processing 5–10m3 (STP)/h of dry flue gas showing the possibility to increase CO2 content from the initial 12vol.% to over 95vol.% with a 100% recovery over a wide range of the operating parameters. The experimental energy consumption (in excess of 4.1MJ/kg of CO2 removed) can be reduced, for higher capacities, to a value as low as 1.7MJ/kg of CO2, and thus, lower than that for a number of one- and two-stage adsorption processes. The detailed investigation of the hybrid technique, so far inadequately explored in the context of CO2 capture from flue gas, has provided a wealth of data that shows the principal directions in which further studies should proceed.

Space, Body and Montage in the Hybrid Installation Work of William Kentridge

This article explores the recent animated film installations and operatic stage direction of William Kentridge to conceptualise emerging trends in installation work, artists’ cinema and hybrid forms of the moving image. Kentridge opens new horizons for the articulation of the moving image with architectural space, reimagining the nature of film. Through a study of Kentridge’s installation, I Am Not Me, The Horse Is Not Mine’, his staging of the Shostakovich opera, The Nose, and his installation work at documenta 13, the article explores how Kentridge mobilises the full potential of the material encounter with the filmic image in new forms of dynamic montage. Drawing on understandings of the tactile, sensory, kinaesthetic engagement with the image, the article examines how Kentridge incorporates the three-dimensional spatiality and materiality of an exhibition/architectural space into the filmic. Through this enquiry, the article considers the broader significance of Kentridge’s work for reconceptualising cinematic experience.

Heliotropika: interfacing between humans and cyanobacteria

This is a hybrid installation that creates an interface between people and cyanobacteria. The project integrates the photosynthetic activity of these microorganisms, the dynamics of environmental light and the bioelectrical activity of the participants. Using cell culture and computer vision, this work renders the photosynthetic activity of cyanobacteria in the form of an organic structure. It also produces dynamic geometries of solar energy by analysing environmental data. Simultaneously, this work transforms the activity of the nervous system of each participant into ‘light’ to stimulate the cells. As a result, visitors and cyanobacteria influence each other giving subsistence to a dynamic feedback system.

Physical and organizational provision for installation, regulatory requirements and implementation of a simultaneous hybrid PET/MR-imaging system in an integrated research and clinical setting

The implementation of hybrid imaging systems requires thorough and anticipatory planning at local and regional levels. For installation of combined positron emission and magnetic resonance imaging systems (PET/MRI), a number of physical and constructional provisions concerning shielding of electromagnetic fields (RF- and high-field) as well as handling of radionuclides have to be met, the latter of which includes shielding for the emitted 511 keV gamma rays. Based on our experiences with a SIEMENS Biograph mMR system, a step-by-step approach is required to allow a trouble-free installation. In this article, we present a proposal for a standardized step-by-step plan to accomplish the installation of a combined PET/MRI system. Moreover, guidelines for the smooth operation of combined PET/MRI in an integrated research and clinical setting will be proposed. Overall, the most important preconditions for the successful implementation of PET/MRI in an integrated research and clinical setting is the interdisciplinary target-oriented cooperation between nuclear medicine, radiology, and all referring and collaborating institutions at all levels of interaction (personnel, imaging protocols, reporting, selection of the data transfer and communication methods).

Hybrid installations in pumping stations based on the use of renewable energy sources

Full-scale studies suggest combined installations based on the use of renewable energy sources, which provide the use of new ecological and energy-conservation technologies for irrigation pumping stations. The criteria of efficiency value of several sources, i.e., solar and wind energy, combined with the hydraulic energy of watercourses are defined.

A study on hybrid insulation composition joint using gas and solid insulator for gas‐insulated power equipment

AbstractSF6 is used as the main insulation gas for gas‐insulated switchgear (GIS), but it has recently become a gas that must be restricted because of its greenhouse effects. To date, we have studied the insulation characteristics of compressed N2 and CO2 as possible alternatives for SF6. We have reported that N2 or CO2 must be pressurized to 2.0 MPa when it is used as a substitute for SF6 at 0.5 MPa. Therefore, we have proposed a hybrid installation composition that uses gas and solid insulators. Because the central conductor of GIS is covered by a solid insulator in this composition, a high‐pressure gas at 2.0 MPa is not needed. However, the joint of the solid insulator becomes a weak point for discharge development. In this paper, we describe an effective configuration for improvement of the withstand voltage based on experiments. The most effective connector was made of resin without an implant electrode and the most effective configuration was one without a solid–solid interface between the solid insulator of the central conductor and the resin connector. In this experiment, the improvement of breakdown electric field of the hybrid composition was 44% or more compared with the case of only gas insulation (conventional method). In addition, further improvement can be expected by optimizing the insulation creepage distance and configuration. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 178(1): 11–20, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21107

Progress on the Performance Test of KEPCO HTS Power Cable

The Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO) HTS power cable has been successfully installed and operated for feasible confirmation since 2006 at Gochang power test center. The 3-phase 100 m long HTS power cable with 22.9 kV/1.25 kA was manufactured and cooled by subcooled liquid nitrogen. At the beginning stage, the cooling system was composed of a liquid nitrogen decompression cooling unit. No major fault has been observed during long term operating test. As a next step, cooling system was modified that a cryocooler was employed, resulting in the total cooling capacity of 4 kW at liquid nitrogen temperature. In this paper, the progress on the performance test of HTS power cable is reported. Temperature as well as pressure in the system is discussed with respect to the supplied current levels. Also, the installation of hybrid cooling system for real power grid application is described.

EAS cores investigation by means of a hybrid installation. EC+EAS data

At the last Symposium it was the view that the problem of the knee in the CR spectrum is practically solved and does not demand further experimental investigation. A frequent basis for this opinion is the simulation dependent procedure of extracting the information on the CR mass composition. This report is a survey of the experimental data which contradict such a point of view. These data point to the restricted self-descriptiveness of some EAS installations and show the shortcomings of some processing methods. Therefore, not looking to continue research for another 50 years, we present a solution to the problem of the knee.

The Mask Stripped Bare by its Curators: The Work of Hybridity in the Twenty-First Century

This paper addresses the new hybridities that are emerging as 20th century installation paradigms of art and artifact are re-deployed in 21st century-museum installations of non-Western art. After more than two decades of sustained deconstruction and critique, the resurgent vitality of these modernist representational tropes can seem startling both to art historians and to anthropologists. Many scholars in both disciplines have come to view these paradigms as themselves artifacts of a modernist museology that has been superceded by more socially embedded and processual approaches to interpretation. As a point of departure for my discussion, I invoke the insights into industrialization, commoditization, purification, and voyeuristic pleasure advanced by Marcel Duchamp in his The Bride Stripped Bare by Her Bachelors, Even (Large Glass) of 1915-23. His critique, in conjunction with later art historical and anthropological theorizations offered by Janet Wolff and Igor Kopytoff, provides useful tools for understanding and problematizing the continuing impulse to ‘strip bare’ non-Western museum objects. I argue that in the 21st century both art historians and anthropologists must develop ethically informed practices that can respond to the global environmental, social, and political convulsions that threaten members of both Western and non-Western societies. Drawing on Bruno Latour’s notion of the ‘imbroglio,’ I urge the necessity of incorporating an awareness of hybridity and networks of interconnection into museum representation. As an example of what such hybrid installations might look like, I discuss a recent exhibition of Chewa masks at the University of British Columbia Museum of Anthropology.

Myth and reality of the hybrid desalination process

The paper discusses some misconceptions that have contributed to the continued use of thermal desalination processes and promotion of the hybrid desalination process for new plants being built or considered at Middle East locations. The misconceptions are examined both on the basis of fundamental thermodynamic principles and in terms of practical engineering parameters. The analysis shows that there is no economic or performance advantage in the installation of greenfield hybrid power/thermal desalination/ seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) plants in preference to power/SWRO plants, because the latter would produce water more cheaply under all conditions and at all fuel costs, and would provide more operational flexibility than the former. The paper identifies situations where the hybrid desalination process can be fully justified: in existing power/desalination plants, where aging boilers and multistage flash (MSF) units need to be repaired or replaced, through retrofitting and repowering. In such situations, abandonment of the MSF process would result in a reduction in the power output of the plant. The paper refers to previous work which showed that the repowering of a typical existing power/desalination station with refurbishment/replacement of the MSF units, together with the addition of SWRO units, would result in a several-fold increase in the water and power output and a dramatic improvement in the fuel efficiency, without any additions to the existing seawater intake system. The paper emphasizes the importance of test stations/demonstration plants at existing power/desalination stations in the Middle East in order to obtain data and make improvements in the technology of higher temperature SWRO, with the feed obtained from the cooling water returning from the power plant condenser and the thermal desalination plant. The paper shows that the potential benefits would easily justify the investment in research and development required to validate this concept.

Hybrid Technology with Microwaves, Electron Beams and Catalysts for VOCs Removals

This work presents a hybrid technology and two hybrid installations (HI-1 and HI-2) for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) removal using successive or simultaneous microwave (MW) irradiation, electron beam (EB) irradiation, and catalytic oxidation. HI-1 is designed for successive EB and MW irradiation with two distinct reactors, both containing a catalyst inside. HI-2 is designed for simultaneous EB and MW irradiation in the same reactor containing a catalyst. Real synergistic effects between non-thermal plasma (NTP) and catalysis were obtained by introducing the catalyst into the irradiation zone, i.e. into the MW reactor, EB reactor or into a reactor in which both EB and MW are injected.

A wind-power fuel-cell hybrid system study on the non-interconnected Aegean islands grid

The current paper presents the study of coupling a wind-turbine with a fuel cell to improve the utilization of wind power in the non-interconnected Greek archipelago grid. A part of the energy produced by the wind-turbine is stored in the form of hydrogen and is then delivered to the consumption at constant power through a fuel cell. This decoupling between the wind potential and power delivery is necessary to increase the contribution of renewable energy sources to the small capacity grids of islands. The study presents the technology of the system and simulates its operation over a year using a specially developed software and actual wind speed input data. In this way, the energy availability can be estimated and is presented for hybrid installations of increasing size. The nominal size of the individual devices (electrolyser, fuel cell, hydrogen storage tanks) is then selected depending on the hybridisation level, that is the ratio of energy delivered directly from the wind-turbine over the energy delivered from the fuel cell. Results show that it is possible to replace conventional power stations with a hybrid system, delivering energy under constant power with fuel cell sizes that reach almost up to 1/3 of the nominal wind-turbine power and overall efficiencies that may exceed 60%.