Abstract
Single-phase short-circuits are most often faults in electrical systems. The analysis of this damage type is taken for backup power supply systems, from small power synchronous generators. For these hybrid installations, there is a need for standard protection devices, such as fuses or miniature circuit breaker (MCB) analysis. Experimental research mentioned that a typical protective apparatus in low-voltage installations, working correctly during supplying from the grid, does not guarantee fast off-switching, while short-circuits occur during supplication from the backup generator set. The analysis of single-phase short-circuits is executed both for current waveform character (including sub-transient and transient states) and the carried energy, to show the problems with the fuses and MCB usage, to protect circuits in installations fed in a hybrid way (from the grid and synchronous generator set).
Highlights
Most modern electrical installations are equipped with backup power systems
In low-voltage installations, which can be supplied from grid or local backup energy sources, the circuits are usually protected by miniature circuit breaker (MCB) and fuse devices
We present laboratory tests of typical low-voltage electrical protections used widely in hybrid installations during backup working modes, using low-power synchronous generators in single-phase short-circuits cases
Summary
Most modern electrical installations are equipped with backup power systems. Electrical installations have to be protected against short-circuits, overloads, and electric shock, independently on the energy source, whether it is supplied from the grid or a local source, e.g., a diesel generator set [1,2]. As with short-circuit protection devices, there are used fuses and miniature circuit breakers (MCBs) These apparatuses have normalized values of rated currents and the tripping ones, so they should be selected for precisely defined cases in installations, to ensure fast and safe work in the installation fault cases, according to the standards (Table 1). In low-voltage installations, which can be supplied from grid or local backup energy sources (hybrid installation), the circuits are usually protected by MCB and fuse devices (they are relatively cheap and reliable). We present laboratory tests of typical low-voltage electrical protections used widely in hybrid installations during backup working modes, using low-power synchronous generators in single-phase short-circuits cases. In this research, inefficient work was pointed out, for both MCBs and fuses, with different rated currents for the circuits supplied from the low-power synchronous generator as a backup energy source
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