Innovative Development Of Economy Research Articles

УМОВИ ФОРМУВАННЯ ЕФЕКТИВНОЇ ЗАЙНЯТОСТІ

The article presents the idea of ​​developing the concept of effective employment and creating conditions for its implementation. Under modern conditions, theoretical constructs of full and productive employment contradict the requirements of innovation and information society, do not take into account the peculiarities of modern human resources, socialization of social and labor relations, the priority of improving the quality of life. Instead, the concept of effective employment resolves this contradiction, as it covers not only the economic results of employment, but also its social effectiveness. Employment can be considered effective, when ensures the productive use of human resources and, at the same time, leads to a significant increase in the living conditions of workers. The article notes that at the moment the Ukrainian economy has a model of inefficient employment. This is evidenced by underutilization of human potential, lack of effective jobs, the presence and even growth of unemployment, the spread of informal employment, imbalances, structural and regional disparities in the labor market, increasing migratory outflows of the working population. Employment inefficiencies affect the decline in key macroeconomic indicators. The article proves the need to develop a model of effective employment and proposes measures for its practical implementation. Among the factors of building an effective employment system in the article the emphasis is on such measures as the transition to indirect, soft forms of human resource management, stimulating innovative economic development in all its spheres and activities, developing flexible forms of employment, promoting self-employment, active social policy, including, first of all, modernization of relations in the field of compensation policy.

Development of the Digital Economy in the Context of Improving the Methodological Support for the Formation and Assessment of Institutional Mechanisms of Innovation Activity

The practice of reforming macrosystems and attempts to transition from resource and industrial to digital economy showed that the lack of an institutional component increases information uncertainty, prevents the development of various forms of cooperation, increases the degree of risk in the implementation of exchange and contracting, causing an increase in economic, social and transactional costs, as well as higher prices for goods and services. The formation of institutional mechanisms of innovative development of the Russian Federation requires the development of appropriate scientific-methodological, regulatory and legal and information-analytical framework for effective regulation of the formation processes of high-tech economy, which is a pressing problem for our country. The paper identifies institutional factors, as well as areas to enhance and improve the effectiveness of innovation activities; established economic risks in an imperfect institutional environment; identified institutional components of the integration mechanism to ensure innovative economic development; proposed a methodological approach to assessing the quality of the institutional environment, as well as a diagnostic mechanism of its state.

The recurrent approach to the study of innovative economic development

The recurrent approach is an integrated approach that combines existing studies of cyclic macroeconomic processes, taking into account the nature of their intercyclic and interphase dependencies. According to this approach, the innovative economy is a natural phase of depression (interphase transition from the neo-industrial economy to the information innovative economy) within the modern transformation cycle. Recognition of the significance of the depression phase allows us to assert that the innovative economy has a twofold nature; it intertwines the processes characteristic of the neo-industrial economy, and forms processes that ensure a “breakthrough” to the neo-economy. In other words, it is dependent on the neo-industrial processes, implying increased digitalization, and becomes the basis for the development of the neo-economy. Taking into account the objectivity of the twofold nature of the innovative economy, it can be argued that it is a special type of the economic system based on a continuous stream of innovations, constant technological improvement, production and export of high-tech products with high added value and technologies, determined by a combination of information, technological, investment, industrial, structural and social transformations.

COVID-19 impact on the company’s development: a case of UNIT.City

This article addresses problems and directions of innovative activity of real national economy amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors evaluated the pandemic impact on the business state in the studied industry. The problem of the economic efficiency restoration after removing quarantine restrictions relates to the search for effective tools to overcome the COVID-19 crises consequences and boost innovative economic development. The research purpose is to substantiate the development potential of innovative entrepreneurship and identify ways of UNIT.City performance improvement against quarantine. The research object is the Ukrainian innovation park UNIT.City. The subject of the study is the organizational and economic, social relationships in UNIT.City activity. The methodological basis of the study is a systematic approach and the fundamental principles of general economic theory and management theory. For practical implementation, the study involved the research methods as follows: abstract-logical and system-structural analysis to identify problems that decrease the economic performance of Ukrainian enterprises and, especially, UNIT.City; methods of statistical and expert assessments to determine the prospects and possibilities for developing companies in the innovation sector and UNIT.City. The research covers 2019-2020. The study involved the analysis of the main macroeconomic indicators of Ukraine during and after quarantine restrictions. The organizational and economic mechanism of UNIT.City innovation park functioning against the quarantine restrictions is investigated. The authors identified the prospects and problems of the investment activity in the Ukrainian IT sector and the government’s role in promoting the technology sector. The findings identified the main ways for improving the management mechanisms and developing the innovation park UNIT.City during and after quarantine restrictions. Besides, the study suggested the tools for effective management and the prospects for further development in UNIT.City innovation parks during quarantine. The authors supposed that changes in the IT sector may aggravate the crisis or contribute to the national economic recovery due to its digitalization. Further research could address the analysis of the COVID-19 pandemic impact on the innovation enterprises and UNIT.City activities, in particular.

ВИРОБНИЦТВО АЛЬТЕРНАТИВНИХ ВИДІВ ЕНЕРГЕТИЧНИХ РЕСУРСІВ ЯК ЧИННИК ПІДВИЩЕННЯ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ СІЛЬСЬКОГОСПОДАРСЬКИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ

The article examines the impact of the production of alternative energy resources on improving the efficiency of agricultural enterprises. It is indicated that efficient production in modern conditions is impossible without the extensive use of various energy resources: solar energy, energy from other natural resources, human energy, as well as energy used for the creation and operation of technical means, feed, plant protection products, fertilizers, fuel lubricants, electricity, natural gas, etc. It is emphasized that modern agricultural production is equipped with powerful and high-performance equipment that requires high quality petroleum products. It is emphasized that when evaluating the performance of economic entities, the system of employee incentives should take into account the consequences of energy consumption, the level of energy intensity of production. It is stated that the development of alternative energy in Ukraine is especially important in terms of energy independence, import substitution and environmental and economic security of the country and requires not only technological problems, adoption and unification of legislation, state financial support for projects, but also justification related to the analysis of the resources of the national economy for the development of energy production from various types of alternative sources. It is substantiated that the reduction of energy consumption (along with labor costs and cash) is one of the ways to increase production efficiency, ensure its competitiveness. It is concluded that energy efficiency is one of the main indicators of the effectiveness of any production system as a whole. It is emphasized that the implementation of active energy saving policy (both at the state level and at the level of individual enterprises) can break the proportional relationship between economic development, improving the welfare of citizens and increasing energy consumption, which is achieved through a systematic transition from resource to innovative economic development. The issue of energy security is proposed to be solved at the expense of own sources, by reasonable consumption and economy, at the expense of introduction of innovative energy saving technologies. It is noted that the development and use of alternative energy sources (wind and solar energy, biofuels, etc.) is an important factor in strengthening energy security and reducing the negative man-made impact on the environment.

Status and problems of financing the scientific sphere as a result of monitoring

Scientific research, new knowledge, technological innovations are the main source of economic growth of the state, ensuring its national security, competitiveness and living standards. The development of science in any country is influenced by global trends in knowledge generation, key factors influencing science and technology policy, global trends in research and development spending. Budget funding for science is a key government tool that supports the activities of public sector organizations of science, universities, regulates the development of priority areas of science and innovation. The state of scientific potential, its effectiveness for the country’s economy is determined by the adequacy of funds needed to perform competitive research and development, which are in demand in both domestic and foreign markets. The article considers the global costs of research and development in the United States, leading countries in Europe and Asia, shows trends in their change. The results of comparative assessment of financial costs of the world’s leading countries for research and development are presented. A brief analysis of current trends in the field of research is presented. Based on the results of the monitoring, the current state of indicators of financing of scientific and scientific-technical activity in Ukraine, volumes of budgetary financing of scientific researches and developments on priority directions of development of science and technology are analyzed. It is determined that neither the amount of budget funding nor the structure of expenditures on research and development do not meet the requirements of innovative economic development and building a knowledge-based society.

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The article highlights the importance of considering the concept of capital as a source of economic development in the modern economy. It is shown that the key factor of resource provision of innovative development of modern national economy is integrated use of different types of capital (physical, intellectual, social and institutional) to create synergies from their interaction, which would significantly affect the dynamics of innovative economic development. Human capital is characterized as a source of resources for the development of the national economy on an innovative basis in terms of its role and place in the structure of intellectual capital. The results of this study are a prerequisite for the development of methodological tools for resource management of innovative development through the realization of human capital potential.

Impact of R&D expenditures on the country's innovative potential: a case study

Kazakhstan has all the prerequisites for the formation of innovative potential. However, to ensure the innovative economic development of Kazakhstan, it is necessary to create favorable conditions that promote the commercialization of innovations. Otherwise, all expenditures that are currently primarily of a state nature will not have the required economic indicators. The modern theory of sustainable economic growth is based on the concept of innovation. That is why the main indicators of overall economic development depend on innovative development. The article studies the variability of a data group formed from indicators of innovative development of the economy of Kazakhstan, using one of the methods of reducing dimension as a correlation analysis. The data of 2000–2018 are analyzed, that is, for 19 years. Discusses the correlation analysis of indicators characterizing the amount of research and development costs and gross domestic product. The obtained correlation coefficients demonstrate a strong linear relationship between the selected indicators. The statistical analysis showed: patterns of change in the GDP of the economy internal R&D costs are almost identical, correlation-regression model of the impact of GDP on domestic R&D expenditures. That is, the number of innovatively active enterprises and internal R&D costs are interdependent variables with a close correlation. High correlation coefficients between the registration of patent applications and the grant of patents in Kazakhstan and the number of employees performing R&D. A strong but negative relationship between the number of organizations performing research and development and the rest, perhaps some organizations exist only nominally and their economic activity is minimal.

Development of an innovation manager’s competency model

In modern conditions, an important scientific and practical task of ensuring the innovative economy development is building a model as competencies of the innovation manager. Determination of future competency needs enables the higher education system to carry out thoughtful adaptation of the professional training process for innovative staff and increase the competitiveness of educational programs. The article discusses the competencies of the manager’s profession – working at the average managerial level and engaged in innovation activity, which includes: assessing the commercial potential of innovation; operational planning and organization of work on innovation management; management of all stages in the innovation project; work with partners in the innovation market; monitoring the implementation of measures to promote innovation on the market, etc. An approach to the formation of a model of competencies of the manager of innovation in the form of an ordered list of five groups: professional, functional, digital, sociocultural and cognitive competencies are proposed. The research results will be aimed at improving and updating two educational programs of ENU named after L.N. Gumilyov “Innovation Management” and “Management” at three levels: undergraduate, graduate and PhD. The developed model of innovation activity manager competencies will be the basis for further research, namely: when assessing the formedness level of competencies among students and graduates; when developing training program and developing the competencies of innovation managers as part of the continuing education concept.

Factors and conditions for the development of innovative potential

The economy is formed under the influence of numerous objective factors for a given country that ensure the success of innovations. Long-term determinants of the evolution of innovative economic development are such factors as the size of the country, the wealth of different types of resources, the specifics of the historical development of state institutions and forms of business activity. The article pays special attention to the characteristics of the basic factors of influence and features of their manifestation in the economy of Kazakhstan. The type of economic system, the openness of the state's economic system, and the place of the country's industrial complex in the international division of labor are considered as external limitations of innovative development. It is concluded that in the context of globalization, the trends of modern changes in exogenous factors of innovative development are generally unfavorable for increasing innovation activity in most industries of Kazakhstan. Competition, institutions, and innovation are considered as internal factors. The foundation of an innovative economy is knowledge as a productive resource. The classification of knowledge by types of knowledge is presented: basic level of knowledge, “advanced” knowledge and innovative knowledge, and the special role of network structures in global communication is shown. Purposeful management of the system of dynamic factors of innovative development of the economy and development of mechanisms for converting new knowledge into product and / or technological innovations are designed to improve the efficiency of this process. At the same time, it is noted that the adaptability of institutions to innovative processes is more important than the concentration of resources on priority areas of industries.

Digitalization as a tool for innovative economic development

Under modern economic conditions, digitalization of the economy is a strategic development priority in many countries. The introduction of technologies that promote digitalization of the economy allows the state, businesses and society to interact effectively in order to increasingly large-scale and dynamic process. Digital economy is becoming a critical driver of innovation, economic growth and competitiveness. Introduction of digital technologies opens up new opportunities for cooperation at all stages of the innovation process. The constant exchange of ideas and data sharing accelerate the innovation process fast and make it sustainable. A model of innovative development based on digitalization tools has been proposed. The authors have identified opportunities, detected threats in view of the pandemics events of 2020, revealed constraints of economic activity under lockdown, developed support measures by taking into account the specifics of digital transformation, summarized the results and focused on improving the ICT infrastructure and integrating digital technologies into the real sector of the economy. The conclusions and generalizations made in the course of the research, aswell as the model of innovative development and recommendations for increasing the efficiency of the implementation of measures to support innovation in the context of digital transformation can be used to develop plans and programs for the development of territories.

STRATEGIC DIRECTIONS FOR INCREASING THE PRODUCTIVITY OF ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITY IN UKRAINE

Topicality. The growing urgency of the problem of productivity of entrepreneurial activity increasing today is substantiated by the fact that in the world due to the paradigm of sustainable development a new direction is formed - the use of innovative sources of economic growth, with full support for productive innovative entrepreneurial activity. According to the fact that Ukraine is also on the path of innovative economic development, in recent years a number of legal documents have been adopted in order to promote comprehensive employment, high labor costs, accumulation of human and social capital, development of entrepreneurial activity, strengthening middle class, raising social standards and guarantees. However, there is still no systematic view on how to solve the problem of the productivity increasing ofentrepreneurial activity, which is the basis for sustainable innovative development of any country. Aim and tasks. The purpose of the article is to determine the strategic directions of business productivity in Ukraine within the state regulation of the business environment, which requires the following tasks: to explore trends and identify key issues of business productivity, which will identify strategic areas of business productivity, which should be considered as a means of solving existing problems. Research results. A comparative analysis of the economic productivity of the EU, the USA, Japan and Ukraine has shown that there is a common tendency for all countries of its reduction, which caused by the factor of deindustrialization. The study of business productivity in Ukraine that is expressed as gross value added at constant prices revealed that the indicator "sales per 1 employee" does not give an idea of the real productivity of enterprises, because this indicator is the result of activity of scope of enterprises, namely � of the company itself and its suppliers. In this case, the further the company in the technological chain, the greater sales volume is and the less this indicator reflects the real productivity of the enterprise. The relatively high productivity of domestic enterprises at value added is actually offset by the high costs of enterprises from other operating and other ordinary activities (especially under the COVID-19 pandemic influence and as a result from other emergencies) and, as a result, profitability from all activities of enterprises is low. It is revealed that the technological gap between Ukraine and developed countries is deepening every year, which requires formation of an innovative model of high-tech development. This, in turn, requires stimulating of the development of industrial sector, especially processing and manufacturing branches, as a basis for creating of high-tech jobs, increasing productivity and as the locomotive of growth for other sectors of the economy. It is proved that in order to increase the productivity of entrepreneurship, a comprehensive mutually agreed improvement of the state tax, credit-financial, scientific-technological, personnel, social policy and restoration of the state industrial policy is urgently needed. A system of strategic directions for increasing of the productivity of entrepreneurial activity has been developed, the criterion for the implementation of which is the growth of value added from its implementation at the level of not less than 5% per year. Conclusion. The article proves that achieving of productivity growth of entrepreneurial activity in our country is possible due to the formation of favorable conditions through the introduction of organizational and economic instruments of financial and credit, tax, scientific and technological, personnel, social, industrial policy for state support of business structures capable of producing knowledge-intensive products with a high content of added value, creating of an appropriate investment climate, ensuring the reduction of Ukraine's technological gap comparing with countries- technological leaders, which is necessary for its integration into the global economic space on a parity basis. Indicators of such a favorable environment can be the following: the formation of the optimal level of tax burden on business structures; formation of the optimal level of availability of borrowed funds for business structures; growth of the share of industrial business structures that implement technological innovations; growth in the number of introduced new technological processes and innovative products; reducing of share of the depreciated fixed assets on industrial enterprises.

Econometric evaluation of the scientific and technical progress parameter in the innovative exogenous economic growth model

The article explores the problem of assessing the scientific and technological progress (STP) parameter in the exogenous economic growth model in the context of modern innovative digital transformation of the economy. The aim of the study is to develop and empirically verify an econometric model for an integrated assessment of the degree of economic agents’ innovative activity influence on the gross regional product. In accordance with the set goal, a methodologically triune (resource-management-resultant) approach to identifying the STP parameter and the corresponding system of economic agents’ innovative activity indicators of the factors are substantiated, an integral-estimated four-module economic mathematical model is proposed and tested. The results of the model testing make it possible to recommend an econometric approach for application in order to analyze and evaluate the scientific and technological progress parameter in innovative spatial economic development trajectories study.

Financial Mechanism for Managing the Environmental Innovation Development of the Economy in Ukraine

The article substantiates the directions of improving a financial mechanism for managing the environmental innovation development of the Ukrainian economy. It presents an in-depth analysis of conceptual foundations of the formation of a system of principles, goals and criteria for ensuring the adequacy of a financial management mechanism with a special focus on the features of environmental innovation development. For optimal reallocation of a resource component, the necessity for systematic application of fiscal and credit management tools is justified. To ensure maximum growth of environmental innovation capacity of the economy the authors have improved a mechanism for developing an optimal set of target financing programs, analyzed the financial methods of managing the environmental innovation development of economy. The paper focuses on the nature and content of the concept “financial mechanism for managing the environmental innovation development of economy”, which is proposed to be understood as a system of actions of financial methods and levers on the basis of relevant legal, information and regulatory support aimed at the most efficient development of the environmental innovation capacity of economy through optimal reallocation of the resource component of this potential. This enables, on the basis of a systematic analysis of financial relations that originate from environmental innovation development, to determine the main directions of their transformation under the influence of changes in the financial management mechanism. The subject of the research is the economic relations that arise between state and local government bodies and business entities regarding the allocation and reallocation of financial resources in managing the environmental innovation development of economy. In order to achievie the goal of the article, the authors have used the general scientific and special methods of cognition, fundamental provisions of general economic theory, the theory of economic development, evolutionary economics, economics and finance of nature management.

Structuring the problem field of innovative development of the small open economy as a management object

The article examines the theoretical and methodological aspects of managing the innovative development of the economy of theRepublicofBelarusas an open socio­economic system. To determine the problem field of the considered control object, the main characteristics of the equilibrium state of a small open economy and the constraints that establish the framework for its functioning and determine the degree of balance of the economic system are determined. From the standpoint of strategic management, the impact of innovation processes in a small open economy has been investigated, including the technological, economic, territorial and social factors that determine the degree of influence of innovation on the functioning and development of the socio­economic system.

Domestic innovation activities and economic development in Vietnam

In 1986, it marked the renovation path, changing mechanisms and policies in all aspects, including Vietnam's economy. Since then, Vietnam's economy has grown rapidly with the contribution of the private sector, which was explained through Schumpeter's theory, and innovation was considered as the blood source for the nation's existence and development. The paper aims to explore the relationship between domestic innovation activities and economic development in Vietnam during 1988-2018. Data in the study were collected from the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), the World Bank (World Bank). This study used the Vector Autoregression Model (VAR) to analyze the relationship between domestic innovation activities and economic development. The research results show that Vietnam's domestic innovation activity is still limited, and has a twoway relationship between domestic innovation activities and economic development in Vietnam. Based on the research results, Vietnam needs to have an appropriate policy for economic development, especially focusing on renovating mechanisms and policies to create conditions for the private sector to strengthen its innovation to develop thereby contributing to Vietnam's economic development.

Financial, Institutional and Personnel Threats to Innovative Development of the Region

Purpose – revealing and summarizing the opinions of experts representing regional authorities and business structures regarding threats to the development of an innovative economy. Research methods: expert assessment of threats to the development of an innovative economy. For processing and summarizing data, fuzzy logic methods are used. Results. Among the threats that could have a negative impact on the development of innovative economy, there are none that are rated as “very high” by both groups of experts. All threats related to financing were highly appreciated by business representatives. The authorities are more optimistic about this group of threats, only five out of eight are rated as “high” in terms of a general indicator that reflects the strength of influence and the likelihood of implementation. The highest, in their opinion, is the threat of a low level of budget financing of science and higher education. In the group of institutional conditions, according to entrepreneurs, the highest threats are related to the lack of state support for joint projects of universities and enterprises to create high-tech industries and insufficient protection of intellectual property. According to representatives of the authorities, these threats are of medium importance. Personnel threats are few, but rated by both groups of experts as very high or high.

Integration of nuclear power station in the economy of Republic of Belarus. Infrared system ASLOTU

Statistical series of economic and energy indicators had been made up according to 2017 data. It consisted of three comparable values: population and specific (capita per inhabitant in the year) gross value added (SGVA) and electricity consumption (SEC) for fifty countries, which SGVA are larger or comparable to Belarus values. Using the correlation analysis the presence of strong, positive, reliable relationship between SGVA and SEC was established. It was found, that for the innovative development of Belarusian economy and accelerated growth of SGVA, the installed electric capacities are necessary to increase by 20–25 %. It is pointed that nuclear energy is the main resource of the fifth technological setup. The solving tasks during atomic stations operation promote development of new technology, emergence and insure advanced production methods in various economy sections. It is offered to create microclimate, required by modern technologies, in working zones of plants and at workplaces in institutions by an automated system ASLOTU – the radiant system of insuring technological conditions, which had been created by Belarusian specialists. The structurer of this infrared system, principles of its calculation and specific functioning algorithm are given. The ASLOTU technical and economic indicators have been determined – cost, service life, labor intensity and frequency of maintenance, costs of fuel consumed, period of covering capital outlays. The marked indicators are the result of processing the operation data of ASLOTU, which were implemented in Belarus for the period 1997 to 2007. They formed the basis of the draft ASLOTU introduction plan until 2035. The main planned indicators are given. The results can be used in other countries in which SGVA is 4.0–15.0 thousand dollars per person and they took course toward innovative development of the economy.

Producer’s culture and standards of living as causes for the growth of the innovative globalized economy

The article examines current aspects of the development of human potential, both in economic and cultural contexts. The author links L. Vygotsky’s conceptualization of social development dynamics with M. Max-Neef’s development model based on the research into producers’ fundamental needs. Such combination has helped to identify a correlation between cultural and physical needs of a person with the dynamics of person’s intellectual potential growth, as well as the former’s key role in alleviation of poverty.
 With the modern development of innovative economy, there is inevitably a need for a new cultural vision of the market role in accordance with the needs of harmonious development of the individual. This vision should be focused not so much on the increase in additional value, but on the presence of the necessary signs in public life caused by the level of quality of life of the employee. 
 It is revealed that the modern international economic order is the source of human poverty, and at the same time various social problems, and the source of problems related to the individual, given the triad of economy-society-culture. Without the dialectical unity of economic development of society and the development of the employee's personality, the chances of survival of the individual and society become infinitesimal and at the same time there is a tendency to degrade the cultural heritage of mankind.
 Thinking and rethinking the design of any social development-oriented tool, especially in the community, should be multidimensional in nature and include well-connected control phases. Failure to do so can lead to imbalances and gaps between the scientist's theoretical vision and the contextual reality that is changing.
 The article shows various aspects of the role of dialectical unity of economic development of society and development of the employee's personality, without which the possibility of survival of a person and society becomes infinitely small and at the same time there is a tendency to degrade the cultural heritage of mankind.

Austrian School of Political Economy in Rationale of Theories of Innovative Development and Practice of Human Interests and Freedom

The article presents the history of the emergence and development of the Austrian School of Political Economy, which stood at the origin of the creation of theories of marginalism and innovative economic development. However, in the context of overcoming the permanent global financial and socio-economic crisis of 2008–2020, at the end of which its negative effects due to the coronavirus pandemic sharply increased, the emphasis in the work was made on the systematic theory of praxeology with the protection of economic interests and freedoms, with the fundamental justification by Ludwig von Mises and Friedrich von Hayek, who had predicted the Great Depression a few years before it began. The author makes a comparative analysis of long-term global socio-economic crises, based on the systematic theory of various cycles created over two centuries. The paper gives a comprehensive assessment of the processes of transformation of regional financial crises into the global financial and socio-economic crisis of 2008–2020, the phases of which were two waves with peaks in 2008–2009 and 2019–2020, which were also observed during the Great Depression of 1929–1939 from the peaks of 1933–1934 and 1937–1938. As a result of the contradictions accumulated by the latter one, according to Kondratiev’s theory of long waves, in the years of 1939–1945 was the Second World War. Against the background of Russia’s war with Ukraine, there is now a threat of the world conflict. That is why a systematic analysis of pragmatic theories of innovative development and praxeology of interests and freedoms, which were actualized in the permanent crisis of the 20-year period of the 21st century, was performed. JEL classification: E1, E2, Е17 Manuscript received 29.04.2020