Information Transmission Channel Research Articles

Development and research of modern methods of wireless information transmission

The importance and relevance of studying the topic of the development of wireless technical means of transmission is obvious even with a superficial survey of the prevalence of transponders in modern devices and concepts, such as, for example, the concept of a «smart» house. Despite the fact that the development of transmission technologies reaches a significant level, the loads on information transmission channels are constantly expanding, so the development of existing and research into new ways of transmitting radio waves are relevant and noticeable. The rapid development of information communication technologies and the increasing need for fast and reliable data exchange have led to the urgency of researching modern means of wireless information transmission. Wireless networks are necessary to provide communication between free devices and remote users. Research in this area allows to expand knowledge about modern wireless technologies, their principle of operation, advantages and disadvantages, as well as the possibilities of application in various fields, such as telecommunications, medicine, transport and others. The study will also help identify some security and privacy issues in wireless networks and develop effective measures to protect them. This is especially important in the context of a decrease in the number of cyber attacks and crimes related to information system security breaches. It is necessary to conduct research on such technologies for their further development. Thus, the research of modern means of wireless information transmission is an important and topical topic that plays an important role in the development of information communication technologies and information protection. The mentioned facts and circumstances indicate the importance of conducting research and the possible positive result of the impact on widespread technical devices.

НЕВЕРБАЛЬНА КОМУНІКАЦІЯ У ПРАВОСЛАВНІЙ ЦЕРКВІ В НОВИХ РЕАЛІЯХ

The article focuses on the changes that have taken place in the sphere of non-verbal communication in the Orthodox Church with the onset of the Covid-19 coronavirus pandemic. Such channels of nonverbal information transmission as kinesics, haptics, proxemics, paraverbals, tacesics, gastics have been analyzed. The conducted research reveals proxemics – the use of space as the most significant change, which was reflected in a significant reduction in the number of parishioners allowed to attend church services to 10-15 and the establishment of a social distance between them of at least 1,5-2 metres. The clothing, a visual sign, was complemented by a mandatory face mask for parishioners and priests. A kiss, as an element of haptics, has been forbidden since the beginning of quarantine restrictions, it is replaced by a kinesic nonverbal sign of a bow in front of icons, a cross, a chalice, or a priest as a symbol of reverence and awe. Gastic non-verbal channel is supplemented with a tacesic one – the use of palms when communing. Changes in chronemics are represented by delays in Liturgy on holidays. Paraverbal channel has undergone changes due to the quantitative reduction of most church choirs to a few singers, which has affected the sound quality of the hymns, as a result polyphonic party singing has been replaced by one- or two-part.

Application of spectral analysis for determine the phase shift of signals with equal amplitudes using full-wave transformation when measuring the characteristics of weapons

The article defines the list of technical characteristics of armaments and military equipment (ARM), the value of which is measured using phase methods. An analysis of known methods that have found wide application in measuring technology, which is designed to determine the technical characteristics associated with the measurement of phase shift during the development, manufacture and operation of weapons. Based on this analysis, it was determined that the measuring systems are designed to determine the phase shift of two harmonic signals in their composition have two channels of information transmission. This architecture of the implementation of measuring systems leads to the fact that a significant impact on the accuracy of the proposed measurement problem, makes a component of the error due to the phase symmetry of the signal transmission channels, as well as internal and external noise. As an alternative approach to solving the measurement problem of determining the phase shift of two harmonic signals, which will significantly reduce the error component due to phase asymmetry of information transmission channels, it is proposed to use the signal obtained by summing harmonic signals after full-wave transformation followed by spectral analysis. In order to implement the above approach, a measurement problem was set to determine the phase shift of two harmonic signals, using spectral analysis of the signal obtained by summing the harmonic signals after their full-wave transformation. A list of assumptions required for the synthesis of analytical relations that establish the relationship between the spectra of phases and amplitudes (power) of the signal obtained by summing harmonic signals after their full-wave transformation and phase shift of two harmonic signals. Analytical relationships are proposed that establish the relationship between the above characteristics. It is shown that the values of the spectrum of phases and amplitudes, which are calculated using the proposed expressions, differ from the values obtained in the calculations using the Fourier series coefficients, not more than 0.1%.

POETICS OF V. F. ODOEVSKY'S NOVEL "RUSSIAN NIGHTS": THE INTERMEDIAL ASPECT

The article presents an intermedial analysis of V. F. Odoevsky’s novel Russian Nights. The analysis aims to identify the methods of including visual and audial media in the verbal printed text medium. A deliberately created experimental work served as material for the research. V. F. Odoevsky’s philosophical universalism extended to his aesthetic views, as evidenced by his articles and treatises. He believed in the emergence of a new art, which would be a synthesis of all arts, and tried to bring it to life on his own. In terms used by Western intermediality theorists, the novel Russian Nights did not combine different kinds of art, but adapted visual and audial channels of information transmission to create vivid mental images and a sense of acoustic presence. Odoyevsky rendered visual images through ekphrasis, i.e. verbal representation of visual representation, and through the use of literary pictorialism, in which the very reality of the artistic world presented itself to the reader in the form of a painting. The transmission of audial information occurs on three levels. Firstly, it is the level of verbal description — when the author wanted to present the readers with reflections about music, rather than music itself. Secondly, it is the level of references to real musical works — the partial reproduction mechanism switched on, and the reader could get an insight into the acoustic component from the name of a composition alone. Thirdly, it is the level of direct integration of an alien semiotic system — musical notation, when the author needed to represent a small fragment of a musical work as accurately as possible. Thus, Odoevsky tried to realize the romantic idea of an integrated art and create an intermedial novel.

Drivers of financial globalisation: The role of informational frictions

AbstractSocial globalisation reduces informational frictions and is expected to promote international financial integration. This is because, the cost to obtain information constitutes a significant barrier to cross‐border financial flows. I examine how aspects of social globalisation influence financial integration by the revised KOF Globalisation Index. The index allows to disentangle trade and financial globalisation, different aspects of social globalisation, and de facto and de jure aspects of globalisation. The results suggest that de facto financial globalisation is associated with aspects of social globalisation that represent channels of information transmission. In particular, financial globalisation is positively associated with personal contacts but not associated with information flows and cultural proximity. I propose that personal contacts are important to overcome cross‐border informational frictions and promote international financial integration.

Метод непрямого приховування інформації в процесі стиснення відеозображень

It is substantiated that steganographic systems should be used to ensure the protection of special information resources in conditions of its prompt delivery. Here, steganographic technologies are an integral part of complex information protection systems. Simultaneously, for steganographic systems, there is a contradiction between the density of embedded data and level of information compaction of video container (level of reduction of volume bit volume of compact presented video image concerning bit volume of an initial video image). It leads to the fact that under the conditions of the required quality (reliability) of digital video information, the bit rate level of the covert channel is insufficient. Consequently, the scientific-applied problem concerns the necessity to increase the integrity (the level of correspondence of the hidden information before its embedding in a video container and after its extraction) and bit rate of the hidden channel of special information transmission. It is relevant. The solution of the described problem in the field of application of steganographic transformations can be realized based on the application of two different approaches. The first approach is based on methods of direct message embedding. But this approach is characterized by introducing distortions in the video images used as a container. Therefore, changes in structural and statistical patterns in the syntactic description of the video container happen. It reduces the potential for video container compaction. The second approach to creating steganographic transformation methods is based on information hiding using indirect embedding technique. Here, the embedding process exploits the functional dependency between the elements of the video container and the elements of the embedded message. Setting a specific dependency between the elements in the video container corresponds to the embedded element with a value of "0" or "1". However, the existing indirect steganographic transformation methods have a disadvantage. It consists of an insufficient value of embedded data density. To eliminate these disadvantages, it is proposed to develop an approach that allows using not only psychovisual but also structural redundancy of video container for concealment. Therefore, the research objective of this paper is to develop a method for indirect information withholding in the video container compression process to increase the bit rate of the hidden message channel. In the process of research, a steganographic multiagent system is constructed, which allows embedding hidden message elements without loss of information based on the indirect approach by modifying the active bases of the multiagent basis considering their uncertainty. To select transformants (data sets) as containers for information embedding, the requirement of the existence of a base system with all active bases is taken into account. The number of embedded bits of the hidden message is equal to the number of active bases in the base system of the multiadic space. Because of the made experiments, the following results have been received: in the process of embedding messages based on the created method distortions in a video container is not brought; for the created method the additional increase in the hidden channel bit rate in average 5 … 7 times are reached.

Spillovers and interdependency across base metals: Evidence from China's futures and spot markets

Using the framework of Diebold and Yilmaz (2012, 2014), we examine the spillovers of informational shocks and the connectedness in China's base metals futures and spot markets. We find that base metals tend to generate more total spillovers in the futures market than in the spot market and that individual metals, apart from nickel, have nearly identical directional spillover impacts on or from other base metals in both the futures and spot markets. Copper and zinc act as the pricing centre in both futures and spot markets, where informational innovation is expected to flow from copper and zinc to other metal commodities. According to the dynamic analysis, the US-China trade dispute tends to significantly reduce total spillovers in both the futures and spot markets. We also find that the information transmission channels between base metals in futures and spot markets differ slightly and that the futures market leads the spot market in price discovery.

Bluetooth Low Energy Error Correction Based on Convolutional Coding

Contemporarily, the Internet of Things (IoT) is recently a newly emerging technology for connecting small devices into a platform; the IoT has been an increasingly demanded front-edge technology in terms of connecting different devices using information transmission and storage technology. To adapt to the small capacities of device batteries, Bluetooth Low Energy is adopted as the protocol of communication. However, the existing standards do not have a suitable and specific error correction method. As there is no ideal information transmission channel, there must be errors that occurred during message transmission. The performance and capacity of error correction become decisive factors in evaluating how efficient the IoT communication system performs. This article uses convolutional coding—a better-performing coding scheme than block coding—to correct errors in information transmission and reception on Internet of Things devices. It is better competent to control and correct bit errors in information transmission. To achieve this goal, convolutional coding algorithms devised by Dr Justin Coon at the University of Oxford have been referred to. By simulation using MATLAB, it has been found that the error rate is enhanced significantly for high Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) in convolutional codes compared to uncoded messages.

Analyzing the code structures of multidimensional signals for a continuous information transmission channel

One of the directions to improve the efficiency of modern telecommunication systems is the transition to the use of multidimensional signals for continuous channels of information transmission. As a result of studies carried out in recent years, it has been established that it is possible to ensure high quality of information transmission in continuous channels by combining demodulation and decoding operations into a single procedure that involves the construction of a code construct for a multidimensional signal. This paper considers issues related to estimating the possibility to improve the efficiency of continuous information transmission channel by changing the signal distance of the code structure. It has been established that the code structures of such types as a hierarchical code construct of signals, a hierarchical code construct of signals with Euclidean metric, a reversible code construct of signals, a reversible code construct of signals with Euclidean metric have the potential, when used, to increase the speed of information transmission along a continuous channel. With a signal distance reduced by 10 percent or larger, it could increase by two times or faster. The estimation of the effect of reducing a signal distance on the efficiency of certain types of code structures was carried out. It has been established that the hierarchical reversible code construct, compared to the hierarchical code construct, provides a win of up to two or more times in the speed of information transmission with a halved signal distance. Implementing the modulation procedure has no fundamental difficulties, on the condition that for each code of the code construct the encoding procedure is known when using binary codes. The results reported here make it possible to build an acceptably complex demodulation procedure according to the specified types of code structures

Image Compression Software Design for Zhurong Mars Exploration Rover

Because of the limited number of information transmission channels and high bit error rate in Mars image transmission, a method of image compression software design and realization of Mars rover was proposed. The characteristics of rover image data management were analyzed, and the three capabilities that the rover image compression software needed to have were concluded: uniform file management capability, high-efficiency compression capability, and high fault tolerance capability. For uniform file management capability, a file system for uniform management of multiple types of image data was proposed. To meet the high efficiency and high fault tolerance requirements of the compression algorithm, based on run-length coding algorithm of first-1 bit, the three important processes of multi-load image unification processing, color image preprocessing, and segmented bit-plane image coding were expanded, to improve compression performance and fault tolerance. Then a complete set of image compression software design schemes was formed, using FPGA+DSP, and the complete set of software was realized. Finally a simulation verification system was used to verify the compression effect. Verification results show the effectiveness of the algorithm. This software has been verified by China’s Zhurong Mars rover and can effectively meet the needs of Mars exploration missions. The software design can be used as a reference for image compression in subsequent ultra-long-distance deep space explorations.

Macro news and micro news: Complements or substitutes?

We study how the arrival of macro-news affects the stock market's ability to incorporate the information in firm-level earnings announcements. Existing theories suggest that macro and firm-level earnings news are attention substitutes; macro-news announcements crowd out firm-level attention, causing less efficient processing of firm-level earnings announcements. We find the opposite: the sensitivity of announcement returns to earnings news is 17% stronger, and post-earnings announcement drift 71% weaker, on macro-news days. This suggests a complementary relationship between macro and micro news that is consistent with either investor attention or information transmission channels.

О социальной информационной среде

The article is devoted to the social and environment and information. The social environment, through the transmission of purposeful information blocks, forms an individual, instilling in him the qualities and properties necessary for optimal functioning in a given society and in a given social group. These goals are promoted by a system of constantly working information transmission channels and, first of all, the mass media. As soon as the information reaches the addressee through the media, social information is included in the process of forming views and opinions, attitudes to certain social values. It is shown that after receiving information, a person can change his point of view on certain events or facts. Moreover, this interaction (influence) can be almost imperceptible, the process passes latently, through quantitative accumulation, but over time, this leads to the fact that quantitative accumulation is accompanied by a qualitative change.

Why Nursing Home Residents Use Social Network Systems: An Attachment Perspective.

Most long-term care facilities can offer residents’ with sufficiently material and physical care, but psychological support may not be always provided due to the tight financial budget or labor resources. Residents’ isolation and loneliness then become a big issue, especially for the residents. Social network systems (SNS) have been proved to be a more effective information transmission channel for thoughts, perspectives, and information sharing than traditional channels such as microblogging, e-mails, or telephones. This study conducted a quasi-experiment to identify factors that influence residents’ intention of using SNS and the impacts of SNS on them in a long-term care facility. The results showed that residents’ attached motivation of personal interacting is a significant factor that influences their intention to use the social network platform. Meanwhile, both the loneliness and depression scales of the participants were decreased significantly.

A Domain Adaptation Sparse Representation Classifier for Cross-Domain Electroencephalogram-Based Emotion Classification.

The brain-computer interface (BCI) interprets the physiological information of the human brain in the process of consciousness activity. It builds a direct information transmission channel between the brain and the outside world. As the most common non-invasive BCI modality, electroencephalogram (EEG) plays an important role in the emotion recognition of BCI; however, due to the individual variability and non-stationary of EEG signals, the construction of EEG-based emotion classifiers for different subjects, different sessions, and different devices is an important research direction. Domain adaptation utilizes data or knowledge from more than one domain and focuses on transferring knowledge from the source domain (SD) to the target domain (TD), in which the EEG data may be collected from different subjects, sessions, or devices. In this study, a new domain adaptation sparse representation classifier (DASRC) is proposed to address the cross-domain EEG-based emotion classification. To reduce the differences in domain distribution, the local information preserved criterion is exploited to project the samples from SD and TD into a shared subspace. A common domain-invariant dictionary is learned in the projection subspace so that an inherent connection can be built between SD and TD. In addition, both principal component analysis (PCA) and Fisher criteria are exploited to promote the recognition ability of the learned dictionary. Besides, an optimization method is proposed to alternatively update the subspace and dictionary learning. The comparison of CSFDDL shows the feasibility and competitive performance for cross-subject and cross-dataset EEG-based emotion classification problems.

SYSTEM OF CONCEPTS COMMUNICATIONS OF STATE INSTITUTIONS AND SOCIETY AS THE BASIS OF NATIONAL SECURITY AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC STABILITY

Abstract. The article analyzes the process of communication between state institutions and society. The study found that all aspects of communication between government institutions and society today acquire the characteristics of digital communication. This means that for the process of communication between government and society, its interactivity, multimedia, efficiency, extraterritoriality become relevant. It is also characteristic that the communication of state institutions and society acquires certain systemic properties — emergence, inherence, integrity. Also, as a result of the analytical study, there is a significant disparity in the access of different groups of the population to modern information and communication technologies and, as a consequence, the formation of different levels of their uptake by these groups of the population. Therefore, to increase the efficiency of communications, the subjects of the communication process should use a system of different channels of information transmission and use not a single concept, but a system of communication concepts to ensure national security and socio-economic stability. It is proven that the basis and guarantee of the formation and introduction of a systematic conceptual approach to the practical application of information and communication technologies of state institutions and society is the inevitable end-to-end digitalization of Ukraine. The process of digitalization will lead to a change in social and political activities of citizens, the formation of social strata, which is the germ of the information society and will require intellectual communication. The existence of a system of communication concepts has led to the use of a systematic approach to create an algorithm for the formation and implementation of effective communications of state institutions and society. The complex of requirements to the specified system of communications is formed due to the research. This system should be aimed at reconciling and harmonizing the interests and positions of communities of citizens; integration of social communities, optimization of administrative activity based on democratic values and observance of citizens’ rights. It also proposes areas of work to fulfill the tasks facing state institutions and society to harmonize the information and communication process and to form the basis of social stability and guarantee national security. Keywords: communications, concept system, power, information society, digital economy. JEL Classification H10 Formulas: 0; fig.: 3; tabl.: 0; bibl.: 21.

Making political connections work better: Information asymmetry and the development of private firms in China

AbstractResearch question/issuePrevious studies have documented the benefits for firms of building political connections, yet there is a gap in the literature on the information transmission effect of political connections. Our study examines the effect of political connections in a highly asymmetric information environment—private firms in China.Research findings/insightsUsing quarterly data on listed private firms in China from 2004 to 2017, we find that political connections ensure such firms have access to reliable political information, which mitigates the risks of policy uncertainty. Further, firms connected to the government are better able to mitigate the negative effects of policy uncertainty than those connected to the legislature, while firms tied to high‐level authorities are better able to do so than those tied to lower‐level ones. Specifically, political connections are more effective in lower‐marketized and peripheral regions, where information asymmetry is higher.Theoretical/academic implicationsOur study highlights the importance of political connections in mitigating the negative relationship between policy uncertainty and corporate investment via the information transmission channel. Specifically, officials can more efficiently mitigate policy uncertainty than delegates, and high‐level authorities are more effective than lower‐level officials.Practitioner/policy implicationsWe argue that building political connections helps private firms offset the negative effects of policy uncertainty. Our findings provide useful insights for understanding the impacts of Regulation No. 18 of October 2013, which limits the employment of current and retired officials in private firms.

ОЦЕНКА ЦИФРОВИЗАЦИИ МАЛОГО БИЗНЕСА В РОССИИ

The article examines the level of digitalization of small business in Russia, its dynamics in recent years. The analysis of the business digitalization index is provided by five frequent indexes: channels of information transmission and storage; integration of digital technologies; use of Internet tools for company promotion and development; information security; human capital. The assessment of digitalization in the article can be useful for entrepreneurs. The stages of small business digitalization are also systematized.

ВИСОКОЕФЕКТИВНИЙ ХВИЛЕВОДНИЙ ПОЛЯРИЗАТОР ДЛЯ СУПУТНИКОВИХ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНИХ СИСТЕМ

У сучасних супутникових інформаційних системах та безпровідних системах передачі даних широко використовують сигнали із коловими поляризаціями. Сигнали цього типу вимагають застосування спеціальних антенних систем із поляризаційним обробленням. Такий підхід дає можливість удвічі зекономити частотні ресурси, які є обмеженими. У результаті збільшується інформаційна ємність каналів передачі інформації в супутникових та інших інформаційних системах. Базовим елементом антенних систем із коловими поляризаціями є поляризатор. Такий пристрій здійснює перетворення електромагнітних хвиль із круговою поляризацією в лінійно поляризовані хвилі або навпаки. Використання поляризатора та ортомодового перетворювача в антенних системах забезпечує перетворення поляризації сигналів із одночасною передачею їх до розв’язаних хвилеводних каналів. Стаття містить результати аналізу та оптимізації нового високоефективного хвилеводного поляризатора для супутникових інформаційних систем. Конструкція розробленого поляризатора складається із хвилеводу квадратного перерізу з чотирма діафрагмами. Виконано оптимізацію поляризатора для його застосування в робочому діапазоні частот від 10,7 ГГц до 12,8 ГГц. Проаналізовано й оптимізовано фазові, поляризаційні характеристики та характеристики узгодження із застосуванням чисельного методу скінченного інтегрування. Розроблений хвилеводний поляризатор із чотирма діафрагмами забезпечує диференційний фазовий зсув 90° ± 3,5°, коефіцієнт стійної хвилі з напругою, меншою 1,24, коефіцієнт еліптичності, менший 0,53 дБ, кросполяризаційну розв’язку, вищу 30,3 дБ. Таким чином, створений новий поляризатор на основі квадратного хвилеводу з чотирма діафрагмами забезпечує якісну роботу в усьому робочому Ku-діапазоні частот 10,7–12,8 ГГц. Пристрій може широко використовуватися в сучасних антенних системах із поляризаційним обробленням сигналів у телекомунікаційних, радіолокаційних і супутникових інформаційних системах.

Regiolects of the Russian sign language: A multimodal electronic corpus (based on the communicative space of Eastern Siberia)

The article reflects the results of a study focused on the variable features of Russian sign language (RSL) in a large region of Eastern Siberia. The work analyzes the modern sociolinguistic landscape of regional variants of RSL and describes the specifics of its functioning in such subjects as Krasnoyarsky Krai, Irkutsk Oblast’, Tyva and Khakassia Republics. The main scientific and practical result of the study of RSL regional variants is presented in the format of developing an electronic multimodal corpus of sign language for a large region of Russia in the amount of 600–800 signs for each territory based on marking the most frequent signs that coincide in the subregions of Siberia, as well as being semiotically differentiated according to the selected territories. Thus, the proposed material summarizes the experience of conducting institutional and linguistic monitoring of RSL representation in the region and creating an electronic platform for the assembled corpus of signs. The use of sign language is considered as one of the analogues of multimodal communication. At the same time, the term “multimodality” is also applied to the format of the platform, which is designed on the basis of several channels of information transmission and manifests itself in the integrality of various technological modes. The novelty of the study lies in the analytical, theoretical and applied examination of the insufficiently studied and described variants of RSL of the Eastern Siberia region and in the possibility of their linguistic documentation based on electronic material fixation.

КРИМИНАЛИСТИЧЕСКИЙ УЧЕТ: ТЕНДЕНЦИИ К ОБЪЕДИНЕНИЮ И РАСШИРЕНИЮ

Today, the information-based approach actively penetrates the investigative and litigation practice. However, its cybernation involves organizational difficulties, which make investigations in this field actual. The paper deals with the issues of forensic accounting application as an information source in criminal procedure. Forensic accounting is considered an independent doctrine in criminalistics. The paper presents the comprehension of a forensic accounting object. It is recommended to use the matrix representation of objects and their features. The study shows the prospects of combining forensic registration and accounting. The author considered new objects of forensic accounting, including digital footprints, and identified a tendency towards the formation of an integrated information-retrieval space for the tasks of investigative and litigation practice. The author analyzed the negative factors affecting forensic accounting objects and information transmission channels. To identify these factors, the author proposes to conduct a comprehensive expert study of registered objects to establish the fact of their falsification, modification, or distortion. To ensure information security, it is suggested to apply the duplication principle against the information contained in the object characteristics and physical data carriers. The positive effect is achieved by using numerous information signals transmitted in various forms through independent channels. The information systems based on the study of vein patterns, retinoscopy, the study of signs of the flexor lines pattern, odontometry, and on the signs of the auricle, as well as based on physiological, behavioral, and other dynamic characteristics of a person are recognized as promising. The author concludes on the fuzzy nature of the representation of forensic accounting objects, and to eliminate this negative factor, proposes using semantic search algorithms.