Argentine Industry Research Articles

Marina Cañardo, Fábricas de Música. Comienzos de la industria discográfica en la Argentina (1919-1930)

The boom of the tango record industry in Argentina during the 1920s has not been the subject of a systematic study until now. Marina Canardo’s book Fabricas de Musicas: comienzos de la industria discografica en la Argentina (1919-1930) is a necessary and original contribution to this topic. The book is structured in nine chapters. As the author clarifies, all the chapters with the exception of the first and the last, begin with a question that is immediately answered by a phrase taken from r...

First detection and genetic characterization of porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) in Argentina and its association with reproductive failure.

Porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) is considered a new circovirus and since it first description has been widely reported in most of the swine-producing countries. Multisystemic inflammation and reproductive failure are consistent and concerning issues associated with PCV3 infection. This report describes the clinical and pathological features of a chronic reproductive disorder in a swine herd in Argentina associated with the presence of PCV3. Mummified (n=42) and stillborn piglets (n=20) from a case of chronic reproductive disorder (Study A) and mummified and stillborn piglets (n=141) from normal deliveries (Study B) were retrospectively assessed for the presence of multiple reproductive pathogens (PCV3, PCV2, ADV, PPV, Leptospira spp. and Brucella spp). On study, A PCV3 and PPV were detected in 15 and 8 pools, respectively, with a coinfection rate of 100% in all PPV-positive cases. Three out of 131 foetuses from three different sows from Study B were positive only for PCV3. Histological evaluation of hearts from stillborn also showed lesions similar to those previously described in the literature for PCV3-reproductive disease. Partial genome of PCV3 was amplified and phylogenetic analysis showed that strains of Study A and B clustered within the PCV3a and PCV3b clades, respectively. This study demonstrates, for the first time, the PCV3 has been circulating in Argentina at least since 2016 and its potential role in reproductive disorders. Further studies are warranted to determine the role of PCV3 in the reproductive disease complex and its prevalence in the swine industry in Argentina.

Space, Place, and Culture: An Applied Geography of Craft Beer

Welcome to this special issue of Papers in Applied Geography. The idea for this special issue has its genesis in a workshop on the craft brewing industry that was held at the Gran Sasso Science Institute in L'Aquila, Italy in July 2018. The goal of the workshop was to bring together young scholars from all over the world that were working on the craft brewing industry in their respective countries. As we listened to the presentations and eventually read the papers that were submitted to this special issue, we were struck by the global reach of the craft beer revolution. It is no longer just a North American or European phenomenon. The papers in this special issue examine different aspects of the craft brewing industry in Argentina, Bulgaria, Germany, Italy, and the United States; broadly speaking, the themes covered include craft beer as a cultural and neolocalist phenomenon, the role of craft breweries in neighborhood revitalization, and craft breweries as neighborhood amenities.

Astilleros estatales e industria naval argentina: trayectoria reciente y desafíos futuros

Este trabajo aborda el estudio de la trayectoria reciente de la industria naval pesada argentina y los astilleros públicos (Astillero Río Santiago y Talleres Navales Dársena Norte). Nuestra hipótesis implica una fuerte relación entre el Estado regulador, productor, y financiador y la industria naval pesada argentina, en particular los astilleros públicos. Desde un punto de vista conceptual, nuestro objetivo es el de contribuir a un debate más amplio sobre las relaciones entre el Estado y la industrialización. Desde un punto de vista empírico, explicamos a través de este vínculo el desempeño de un sector industrial. Las consecuencias de las políticas ortodoxas en la industria naval pesada argentina han afectado sistemáticamente la actividad, provocando el cierre de los astilleros, y la casi desaparición de los proveedores de piezas navales. Los cambios en el curso de la política pública desde el inicio del siglo XXI han creado las condiciones de posibilidad de los astilleros públicos.

Phenotypic Variation of Peanut Smut (Thecaphora frezii) Incidence and Severity in the U.S. Peanut Mini-Core Collection

ABSTRACT Peanut smut is an emergent soilborne disease of peanut in South America that has significantly impacted the commercial peanut industry in Argentina. In response, plant breeders are in need of information about potential sources of smut resistance in cultivated germplasm for the rapid development of resistant cultivars. Available U.S. peanut mini-core accessions were evaluated under naturally-infested soil conditions in 2016-2019 near General Cabrera, Córdoba, Argentina, in addition to three susceptible breeding lines and four local commercial controls. Over three years, 18 mini-core accessions and two germplasm collection accessions exhibited no smut incidence in a 100-pod sample. Of those, 12 mini-core accessions and one germplasm collection accession (PI 153323) exhibited no smut incidence when all available pods were opened and examined in the 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 crop years. These 13 accessions were collected from a variety of origins across the Americas, Africa, and Asia; only three were collected from origins in South America. These results suggest that resistance mechanisms may be well-conserved across various groups within Arachis hypogaea L. The 13 identified accessions appear to be sources of resistance to peanut smut in A. hypogaea and would likely be good parent material for the development of new, resistant commercial peanut cultivars.

Does size still matter? How micro firms and SMEs vary in network learning

ABSTRACT How can geographically constrained Micro firms and SMEs in emerging markets upgrade their products? How might firm size affect the benefits from accessing diverse knowledge and from participating in different learning relationships? Although access to diverse knowledge can be vital to innovation, smaller firms have a limited understanding about which new knowledge is most relevant to their context and how they may convert their capabilities into a more innovative organization. These latter aspects, we argue, come largely from relationships embedded in interfirm networks and certain types of non-market institutions that act as knowledge bridges and provide tutelage. Such institutions appear to benefit Micro firms in processing diverse knowledge. In contrast, product upgrading for SMEs improves more from their inter-firm networks, but these networks do not aid with managing diverse knowledge. We argue that differences in complementary capacities explain these variations. We use unique survey data from the Argentine wine industry.

Trading Nations: Architecture, Informal Empire, and the Scottish Cast Iron Industry in Argentina

Bridges, railways stations, warehouses, bandstands, fountains, shop fronts, lamps, gates and other cast-iron elements can still be found throughout Argentina. Some of these elements are impressive, others humble; some are abandoned, others are still in use. Many are part of important monuments; others are so incorporated into the urban landscape that they almost go unnoticed. When one’s attention is drawn to these features, however, a company nameplate and place of origin—“London,” “Liverpool...

A modeling framework for the optimal forest supply chain design considering residues reuse

In the forest industry, large volumes of residues are generated during the harvesting and lumber production, whose re-use can increase the economic opportunities in this industry. In this sense, they can be used as raw material for some products (pellets, wood panels, among others) or as fuels for energy production. Due to the great number of available production alternatives and involved elements, a supply chain approach is appropriate to address this problem. Then, taking into account the particular conditions of the forest industry in Argentina, a mixed integer linear programming formulation is proposed in order to obtain the optimal design of the forest supply chain emphasizing the appropriate use of forest and wood residues. The model determines the location and size of each production facility, the amounts of products and residues to be generated, and all the material flows between forest sites and plants, between plants, and between plants and customers, in order to maximize the total benefit. This approach is suggested as a tool to analyze the optimal configuration of the forest supply chain by assessing the viability of different production alternatives. Through the different considered scenarios, it can be concluded that a strategic design for the forest supply chain is required in order to achieve an efficient use of harvest and sawmill residues.

Literatura, crítica y mercado del libro en "De Mar a Mar" (1942-1943): una lectura de la revista a la luz de las conexiones editoriales del exilio gallego en la Argentina

El presente artículo analiza las relaciones entre la literatura, la crítica y el mercado del libro en la revista literaria De Mar a Mar, publicada en Buenos Aires entre 1942 y 1943 por un grupo de exiliados de la Guerra Civil española, en su mayoría de ascendencia gallega. El análisis se enfoca en dos aspectos particulares de la revista: por un lado, en relación con su contenido, se abordan las noticias bibliográficas y las publicidades editoriales aparecidas en sus páginas; por otro lado, en relación con su contexto, se considera la labor desarrollada por sus directivos y colaboradores asiduos, en el mercado de la edición en la Argentina, el cual por entonces atraviesa su “época de oro”. La puesta en relación de estos dos aspectos analizados echa luz con respecto a las conexiones editoriales que subyacen en la revista De Mar a Mar y que inciden en la composición de sus diferentes entregas.

The Visual and the Visceral. Bodily Communities and Visual Communities in Martín Céspedes’s El estómago de la cultura (2012)

El estómago de la cultura (Culture’s Stomach) (2012) is a short documentary film directed by Martín Céspedes which depicts the slaughter process in a refrigerated warehouse ‘without a foreman’ on the outskirts of Buenos Aires. The documentary offers a visual reflection on the place of the livestock industry in Argentina in the face of finance capital driven by genetically modified agriculture and encourages debate around the functioning of an establishment managed by its own workers. In this article, I propose a reading that provides a way of thinking about the representation of Argentine post-2001 communities and their ‘exposure’ in this documentary by analysing two visual strategies: first, the generation of images which appeal directly to the viewer’s sensibility, that is, images affecting the body of the spectator, and second the presentation of collective images or images of groups of people, of livestock, and of lifeless organs or bodies. By generating a community that includes the spectator’s body and by portraying parcels of men and animals and their ‘common ways’ of existing, El estómago de la cultura on the one hand reinforces the sense of communion and, on the other hand, simultaneously indicates the precarious nature of its existence and the survival of post-2001 communal projects.

Soy Domination

Genetically modified soy has experienced enormous growth in Latin America’s Southern Cone nations since the beginning of the soy boom in the 1990s. The Southern Cone refers to the nations at the southern end of South America, typically including Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay and Brazil. The exponential growth in the soy industry created significant problems for smallholder farmers and peasant communities in Argentina and Paraguay. The soy boom led to extensive displacement, job loss, and uncertainty among peasants and smallholder farmers. Genetically modified technology also threatens the health of surrounding communities. Agribusiness giants encouraged the growth of the soy industry in Argentina and Paraguay, creating an export-based economy reliant upon raw material output. This research explores the various impacts of the genetically modified soy industry, with particular emphasis on smallholder farmers and peasants in the region.

Cooperativas de trabajo en software y servicios informáticos ¿subversión al capitalismo cognitivo?

La industria del software y servicios informáticos en Argentina mantiene un crecimiento sostenido. Una tendencia reciente es la conformación de la Federación Argentina de Cooperativas de Trabajo en Tecnología, Innovación y Conocimiento (FACTTIC), la cual promueve un modelo basado en el desarrollo de tecnologías y software libre. El artículo observa trayectorias de emprendimientos de la región centro para analizar su conformación cooperativa, modalidades de organización del trabajo, condiciones laborales e iniciativas innovadoras. El desenvolvimiento de estas experiencias se ubica en un contexto de capitalismo cognitivo, en su doble faceta de mercantilización de conocimientos y explotación del trabajo inmaterial. La investigación en curso toma por base entrevistas a referentes, análisis de registros web y fuentes secundarias.

Productive Efficiency in the Banking Industry

The goal of this paper is to estimate the productive efficiency of Argentine banks. For this purpose, panel data of the universe of banks under the supervision of the Central Bank of the Republic of Argentina (BCRA) has been collected. In order to build the bank´s indicators, we used a database of 66 institutions, with annual information for the period 2009-2013. The sources of information were both the BCRA's web site, and the Buenos Aires Stock Exchange's web site. It has been selected an efficiency indicator ranging between 0 and 1, meaning the lowest and highest level of efficiency, respectively. The concept of efficiency used here is a relative one, because it considers a Bank's performance in relation to the behavior of the best players in the industry, being the latter the base of the industry benchmark or frontier. The results show that the mean efficiency of Argentine banks is 0,8277 in the specific period under consideration. The comparison with the results of other studies relating efficiency and competitive pressure, didn't allow us to infer that the Argentine banking industry experienced in the period a high level of competition.

Analysis of Sedimentation Problems at the Entrance to Mar del Plata Harbor

ABSTRACT Caceres, R.A.; Zyserman, J.A., and Perillo, G.M.E. 2016. Analysis of sedimentation problems at the entrance to Mar del Plata Harbor. Mar del Plata Harbor is an important center for the fishery industry in Argentina, and it has become an attractive site for international tourism because of the recent construction of a cruiser ship terminal. However, further development of this port halted several years ago because of the recurrent sedimentation problems in the access channel and basins. This site is characterized by advancement of the shoreline south of the harbor and a sandbank that develops across the access channel, while downdrift erosion and the associated shoreline retreat are due to partial blockage of the sediment transport caused by the harbor breakwaters. The mechanisms responsible for these sedimentation and erosion processes are examined using a coastal area morphological modeling system, MIKE 21/3 Coupled Model Flexible Mesh, developed by DHI. The morphological model was calibrated an...

A Cautionary Tale: The ‘New’ Medical Tourism Industry in Argentina

Argentina's universal model of healthcare and open immigration policies make it a popular destination for people from neighbouring countries requiring free medical treatments. These medical tourists come from Bolivia, Peru, and Paraguay. They are often from low-income households and rural areas, and travel to Argentina seeking medical attention in public hospitals because they are unable to pay for services in their own countries. In addition to these patients, current governmental-private sector agreements are being put in place to attract patients from the US and Europe. This new initiative – called Medicina Argentina (Argentina Healthcare) – hopes to raise the number of foreign patients from 6000 per year to 100,000. In theory, this change in government policy seeks to: provide services to patients who might not be able to access them in their own countries (due to high cost, unavailability, or long waiting lists), increase Argentine tourism income, and improve the quality of the medical services available for local populations. However, in practice, it will mean that an already overburdened healthcare system will have to adapt to suit the needs of short-term, medical tourists. The flow of foreign patients will interact with local migrating patients to create a tiered system of medical tourism, posing ethical and legal challenges in the distribution of scarce resources and regulation of medical care. In this article, I explore the ethical and practical impact of this ‘new’ medical tourism industry on the care provided to the local population.

Assessment of alternative sources of seaweed polysaccharides in Argentina: potentials of the agarophyte Gelidium crinale (Hare ex Turner) Gaillon (Rhodophyta, Gelidiales)

The phycocolloids industry in Argentina has been based on the importation of non-native species and the exploitation of natural populations of Gracilaria, which are currently declining. This study was carried out to evaluate the potential of Gelidium crinale as an unexploited source of agar in this country. The yield and composition of polysaccharides extracted from G. crinale, as well as the growth potential of this species were studied. In vitro cultures of apical sections were carried out; relative growth rates (RGR) and data were analyzed through repeated measurements. Explants rapidly duplicated their initial size, producing numerous proliferations and achieving structural complexity. RGR of explants, primary proliferations, and secondary proliferations were high and similar. Polysaccharide extraction was done under three conditions: acid pre-extraction treatment + pressure boiled (AP), water pre-extraction treatment + pressure boiled (WP), and water pre-extraction treatment + boiled (WB). Polysaccharides were characterized through infrared spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence, thermogravimetric, and elemental analysis. Polysaccharides obtained corresponded to the agar-type, and showed high similarity to commercial agar samples, with low sulfate and methyl contents. Higher yields were obtained with pressure extractions; however, acid treatment did not increase the amount of extracted biopolymers. Their degradation occurred in the range 250–400 °C. Polysaccharides obtained under AP conditions had a degradation curve similar to food-grade agar-agar, whereas degradation curves of polysaccharides obtained without acid treatment were similar to biotechnology-grade agar-agar. According to the results, G. crinale from Anegada Bay produces a high-quality agar to be considered for the Argentinean agar industry; however, micropropagation techniques would be indispensable to increase its bioavailability.

Evaluation of Corrosion Resistance of Aluminum-based Alloys in Bioethanol Produced in Misiones

Nowadays, biofuels represent a large part of renewable energies destined to substitute fossil fuels, and to reduce the negative impact on the environment. Bioethanol is obtained by alcoholic fermentation, and is used pure or mixed with other petroleum derivatives as fuel. Use, manipulation, storage and transport of these substances, at any scale, demand the implementation of materials, such as aluminum, that has excellent mechanical properties, as well as low density. Generally, these characteristics are improved by alloying aluminum with silicon (in order to decrease the thermal expansion coefficient and increase wear resistance) and magnesium (to increase hardness of the material). Potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical spectroscopy impedance techniques were used on this research, in order to determine the corrosion resistance of Al-10wt.%Si, Al-12wt.%Si, Al-2%Mg and Al-4wt.%Mg alloys in an alcoholic electrolyte (bioethanol of Misiones province, Argentina industry). Comparing to pure aluminum, aluminum-silicon alloys presented better corrosion resistance. On the other hand, aluminum-magnesium alloys didn’t have such improvement. By using optical metallographic microscope, no differences were found on the surfaces of alloys after being exposed to the alcoholic electrolyte.

The transformation of agriculture in Argentina through soil conservation

The adoption of no till was a major turning point in the transformation of agriculture in Argentina. This paper describes the process of adoption of no till, and the impacts of this on agricultural production. Whereas previously, soil erosion was so extreme and pervasive as to threaten the economic viability and survival of the industry, today with the majority of production under no till, Argentina produces more than ever in the past. The paper also illustrates how, after first focusing on technology adoption (no-till), the system in Argentina has now broadened to include the concepts of Conservation Agriculture (CA) and Sustainable Land Management (SLM). These strategic moves have contributed to an agricultural industry in Argentina that is more economically and environmentally sustainable than that of the past.

The Dawn of Italian Industry in Argentina: Pirelli in Buenos Aires (1898-1910)

With a great vocation for internationalization, Pirelli begins expanding in Argentina in the final years of the nineteenth century. The first step is the establishment of a commercial chain followed by the construction of a factory started in 1910. Essential for the growth of the enterprise is the strong bond to Italian culture that characterizes Alberto Pirelli's proposals for the Argentine soil, from the international exhibition in Buenos Aires in 1910 to the launch of Pirelli within the Compania Italo-Argentina de Electricidad, together with other major Italian companies, the following year. The rise of Pirelli will continue, without interruptions, up to the present day.

Documenting Scottish Architectural Cast Iron in Argentina

This article will consider the process of documenting cast iron pieces and products located in Argentina, but manufactured by three of Scotland’s most important foundries: Carron Company, Saracen (Macfarlane) and Lion. It draws on work done mainly in Scottish archives, and is part of a more extensive project being undertaken at the University of Edinburgh in conjunction with Historic Scotland, entitled “Trading Nations: Architecture, Informal Empire, and the Scottish Cast Iron Industry in Argentina.”Argentina underwent its most intense period of population growth between 1880 and 1930. Owing mainly to European immigration, this drastic demographic change was accompanied by the most intensive urbanization process in the country’s history. Many of the buildings erected between the 1850s and 1930s used iron, especially prefabricated cast iron, for whole buildings, structural parts, or ornamentation. The cast iron elements, sold via trade catalogues, had been widely used in Europe, but were virtually unknown in Argentina. Cast iron became crucial to the process of modernization.At the time, Scotland enjoyed a commanding position in the pre-fabricated ironwork industry. In Latin America, Argentina’s rapid industrialization, increased wealth, and strategic importance to British national interests made the country a significant market for Scottish ironwork.Some of these cast iron elements manufactured in Scotland and shipped to Argentina still survive, and are part of a transnational architecture that today represents a shared heritage yet to be fully revealed. This paper identifies some of the products made at the Carron, Saracen, and Lion foundries, among the most important iron foundries in architectural cast iron development in Scotland.