Argentine Industry Research Articles

Transformation of the Argentine wholesale electricity market

The electricity industry in Argentina has undertaken a very deep restructuring in recent years, from a 100% state-owned, integrated activity to a true market of electricity, in which more than seventy free private agents (generators, transmission companies, distribution companies, and big customers) operate in a framework of rules completely different from those in force at the beginning of the transformation. Today, almost 3 years later, an observer can notice a number of changes already in place. As a consequence, there is an increased interest from companies and government as well, in old and new issues such as electrical markets integration, or global business. The purpose of this presentation is to examine this emergent market, its rules, and its players, and to assess which of the patterns associated with the integration of business, markets, and culture are for the benefit of final users.

The crisis of Argentine capitalism

At end of World War II, Argentina was most industrialized nation in Latin America, with a highly urbanized, literate, and pluralistic society. But over past four decades, country has suffered political and economic crises of increasing intensity that have stalled industrial growth, sharpened class conflict, and led to long periods of military rule. In this book, Paul Lewis attempts to explain how that happened. Lewis begins by describing early development of Argentine industry, from just before turn of century to eve of Juan Peron's rise to power after World War II. He discusses emergence of new industrialists and urban workers and delineates relationships between those classes and traditional agrarian elites who controlled state. Under Peron, country shifted from an essentially liberal strategy of development to a more corporatist approach. Whereas most writers view Peron as a pragmatist, if not opportunist, Lewis treats him as an ideologue whose views remained consistent throughout his career, and he holds Peron, along with his military colleagues, chiefly responsible for ending evolution of Argentina's economy toward dynamic capitalism. Lewis describes political stalemate between Peronists and anti-Peronists from 1955 to 1987 and shows how failure of post-Peron governments to incorporate trade union movement into political and economic mainstream resulted in political polarization, economic stagnation, and a growing level of violence. He then recounts Peron's triumphal return to power and subsequent inability of his government to restore order and economic vigor through a return to corporatist measures. Finally, Lewis examines equally disappointing failures of succeeding military regime under General Videla and restoration of democracy under President Raul Alfonsin to revive free market. By focusing on organization, development, and political activities of pressure groups rather than on parties or governmental institutions, Lewis gets to root causes of Argentina's instability and decline--what he calls the politics of political stagnation. At same time, he provides important information about Argentina's entrepreneurial classes and their relation to labor, government, military, and foreign capital. The book is unique in wealth of its detail and depth of its analysis.

Exports and industrialization in Argentina, 1973-1986

The objective of this article is to analyse the economic behaviour of manufactured exports as one of the modalities assumed by the process of industrialization of Argentina during the period from 1973 to 1986. To that end, we analyse the export opening of industry; the presence of manufacturing in export flows; the modifications in sectoral composition; the changes in the real trajectory of foreign sales; and essentially the association between industrial development and manufactured exports.

Henry J. Kaiser and the Establishment of an Automobile Industry in Argentina

(1988). Henry J. Kaiser and the Establishment of an Automobile Industry in Argentina. Business History: Vol. 30, No. 3, pp. 329-345.

Cheese industry development and research in Argentina.

Research and development projects concerning cheese industry in Argentina are described in this study. Regional strains of lactic acid bacteria were isolated from different ecological pockets and their taxonomic profiles were determined. Proteolytic and acid activity as well as diacetyl production were analyzed. Results obtained depended on the species and strains under consideration. The cell permeabilization using 20 to 40% ethanol improved the acid production by lactic acid bacteria. Freeze-drying was used for culture preservation. The optimal conditions for obtaining the highest survival rate were determined. Best results were obtained by using 0.75 M adonitol as a cryoprotectant. The rehydration conditions to be used depended on the bacterial species. Freeze-dried cultures showed good viability and activity up to 1 year of storage at 4 degrees C.

The structural crisis in Argentine industry

Abstract In a concise summary, the author outlines the main trends in Argentine industrial development and discusses the problems which they entail.

Dependency, the Credit Market, and Argentine Industrialization, 1860–1940

The factors responsible for Latin American economic “dependency” have long been debated by economic historians. In this article, Professor Guy considers the example of Argentine industrialization between 1870 and 1940. Argentine reliance upon foreign capital, she concludes, was due much more to local Argentine institutions — the commercial law, the stock market, and the government inspection bureau — than to any pressures from abroad. She adds that, though dependency theory has its limits, by focusing attention on local institutions, it remains a valuable tool for understanding Third World development.

Labour Turnover and Women's Work: Evidence from Brazil

Despite the recent upsurge of interest in and research about Latin American labour movements, it is clear that considerable gaps exist in the empirical base. Indeed, Roxborough (1981) went so far as to state that 'At this stage, we are a long way from being able adequately to describe Latin American labour movements, let alone explain them' (ibid., p. 93, emphasis added). One specific gap already identified concerns patterns of job tenure and especially the question of labour turnover. Surprisingly, perhaps, evidence about this is still rather fragmentary for both Brazil and Argentina (ibid., p. 92), which are two of the more industrialized countries, each having a substantial working class. Pioneering research work by Humphrey (1977, 1982) has provided some detailed results for the Brazilian automobile industry, indicating high annual turnover rates during the 1970s (and specifically for the years 1977 and 1978), with evidence for similarly high rates in the Argentine industry being presented by Nun (1979). However, it cannot be assumed that the automobile industry is representative of all manufacturing, even though the transport equipment sector is one of the largest employers. As a minimum requirement, job tenure patterns in different branches of industry and other sectors of economic activity need to be examined.

The Law and Human Rights in Argentina

The September 25, 1978, issue of the Wall Street Journal carried a four-page advertisement on Argentina that reveals the expertise of a public relations firm. Propaganda pieces entitled "Politic? for Investment in Argentine Industries" and "Argentina: an Economic Overview" in the form of "articles" are interspersed with regular ads, giving the reader the impression of four pages of ordinary copy. While the advertisement itself is relatively trivial, it acquires significance because the arguments it advances are obviously those that the present regime would like to present to the U.S. and other countries. It is the item called "On the Question of Human Rights" that draws the special attention of Amnesty International and others well informed on this subject in today's Argentina.

Carlos Pellegrini and the Politics of Early Argentine Industrialization, 1873–1906

Until the 1870s, Argentina was principally a pastoral nation totally depenlent upon trade with more advanced nations to provide basic necessities. Yet, within a brief span of about thirty years, it became a major producer of livestock products, cereals and flour for export, and of a wide variety of foodstuffs and other consumer goods for internal consumption. Most of this had been achieved by the application of protective tariffs to nascent industrial activities, and by the importation and use of new machinery and technology to process available raw materials. Thus, unlike other Latin American nations which had not yet begun the arduous process of modernization, Argentina had already embarked on a program of import substitution and State-encouraged industrialization in the late nineteenth century.

An Optimal Strategy for Capacity Expansion

ABSTRACT A mathematical model is developed for determining the optimal sequence of expansions for a processing industry. The demand for the output is increasing over time at a geometric rate. The economic objective is minimization of the present worth of the total system cost to meet this growing demand. The cost includes the expenditure for development and operation of local plants and the cost of importing products when the supply from these plants is not adequate to meet the demand. For illustrative purposes the model is applied to find the expansion strategy for the primary aluminum industry in Argentina.

Industrial Trade Associations in Argentine Politics: Historical Roots and Current Prospects

The Industrial trade association movement in Argentina is split into two rival organizations: the Argentine Industrial Union (U. I. A., and the Confederation of Industry (C. I.), a component of the General Economic Confederation (C. G. E.). The U. I. A. represents primarily Buenos Aires interests, the C. I./C. G. E. (hereafter the Confederation) primarily industrialists of interior provinces. As such the schism between the two reflects political and economic divisions which have characterized Argentina since the nation originally freed itself from the Spanish crown.This study traces the historical background of hostility between the U. I. A. and the Confederation to determine whether the split is as irreparable as both sides claim. Has the future of the Argentine industrial sector been foreclosed by polemics arising from the nation’s peronista past?

Industrialists and Politics in Argentina: An Opinion Survey of Trade Association Leaders

The role of the Latin American industrialist as a potential modernizing agent promoting social and economic evolution has received increasing attention in recent years. Yet discussions of the industrialist's role have been largely impressionistic; few opinion surveys of the industrialist's goals and values are available. This study was based on such an opinion survey of industrial trade association leaders in Argentina, a nation in which the debate over the role of the industrialist in social evolution has received wide attention.The industrial trade association movement itself is split into two factions: the porteño-dominaied Argentine Industrial Union (UIA), created before the turn of the century, and the interior-based Confederation of Industry (CI), founded during the second presidency of Juan Domingo Perón. The ability of the sector to strengthen its political position hinges largely on the need to develop greater rapport between these two groups of industrialists.

Notes on the Process of Industrialization in Argentina, Chile and Peru

Notes on the Process of Industrialization in Argentina, Chile and Peru

APPLES FROM ARGENTINA: CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS USEFUL FOR TECHNOLOGY

With a look to apple industrialization in Argentina, apples were analyzed to evaluate them as a raw material. The 9 more important varieties harvested in 1967 were: Red Delicious, Granny Smith, Rome Beauty, Delicious, Black Wine-sap, King David, Yellow Newtown Pippin, Jonathan, and Golden Delicious. They were analyzed for: specific gravity, pH, total acidity (as malic acid), soluble solids, total sugar, reducing sugar, pectin, tannin, ascorbic acid, moisture, starch (qualitative test), dry matter, and texture. Analysis were made on fruit harvested at the picking date, and on samples from the same tree held 1, 2, 4 and 6 weeks (the latter for Delicious and Red Delicious only). All analyses were completed within 24 hr of harvesting time. A review is made of similar data from other countries. Argentinian apples are similar to those grown in other countries.

Notes on the Process of Industrialization in Argentina, Chile, and Peru

Notes on the Process of Industrialization in Argentina, Chile, and Peru

Notes on the Process of Industrialization in Argentina, Chile, and Peru. By Alcira Leiserson. [Politics of Modernization Series, No. 3.] (Berkeley: Institute of International Studies, University of California, 1966. Pp. v, 99. Frontispiece. Tables. $1.50.)

Notes on the Process of Industrialization in Argentina, Chile, and Peru. By Alcira Leiserson. [Politics of Modernization Series, No. 3.] (Berkeley: Institute of International Studies, University of California, 1966. Pp. v, 99. Frontispiece. Tables. $1.50.) - Volume 24 Issue 2

Hydroelectric Industry in Argentina and Ecuador (concluded)

Hydroelectric Industry in Argentina and Ecuador (concluded)

Hydroelectric Industry in Argentina and Ecuador (continued)

Hydroelectric Industry in Argentina and Ecuador (continued)

Problems of the Grape and Wine Industry in Argentina

Problems of the Grape and Wine Industry in Argentina