Indonesian Verb Research Articles

Teaching Implication of Meaning Construction at Morphological Level of Affixation in a Complex Indonesian Verb Formation

A tension exists between rationalists and empiricists regarding the nature of knowledge: innate then activated/discovered (rationalists) or constructed then invented (empiricists). The assumption is that, to a certain extent, basic knowledge seems to be innate in our mind and develops through experience by thinking processes to construct meanings. This meaning construction (thinking), mainly using language, is to make sense of and interpret the world. Meanings should be the primary motivation underlying linguistic constructions at all levels. This paper investigates meaning constructions at the lexical level of affixation by focusing on semantic behaviours of verbs in a complex word formation as an attempt: 1) to find out the semantic patterns of verb-based complex word formation, 2) to reveal if there is an iconic relationship of a sign (signifier) and its meaning (signified), and 3) to suggest for its teaching. Using semantic classes of verbs, based on situation types in deriving complex words, this study attempts to find out semantic patterns of such complex word formation and the possibility of revealing its iconicity. Using Antconc software, this study scrutinized linguistic expressions involving related verbs of state, event, and action in a corpus to reveal meaning construction at that level. The findings show several semantic patterns of verb-based complex word formation and an indication of the iconicity of signs. The paper also offers suggestions for teaching affixation

Mekanisme Valensi Morfologis pada Verba Bahasa Indonesia

As a language with agglutinative morphology type, Indonesian has not shown serious firmness in various morphological cases, especially valency mechanism caused by morphology + verb process. To deeply dissect the valency mechanism, especially inflected verbs in Indonesian, a qualitative method with descriptive type is used with agih (distributional) method and direct element sharing technique to analyze the data. The results of this study show the existence of valency mechanisms in the form of inflected verbs in Indonesian, namely (1) valency increase in the causative morphological structure with {meN-kan} marker, (2) valency increase in the benefactive applicative structure with {di-kan} marker, (3) valency increase in the locative applicative structure with {meN-i} marker, (4) valency decrease in the ergative sentence structure with morphological cases {ter-}, {ke-an}, and {∅}. This study shows various valency mechanisms that are dominant in inflected verbs even though in some cases they appear in ergative forms that do not have markers.

Translatabilitas Phrasal Verbs ke dalam Bahasa Indonesia

This qualitative study focuses on the translatability of phrasal verbs by exploring the problem of their untranslatability into Indonesian, strategies for overcoming this issue and achieving meaning equivalence between the source and the target texts. The issue of untranslatability of phrasal verbs can arise due to the lack of equivalents with the same meaning as the source text, target language equivalents that are too formal and not commonly used in informal conversations, the absence of specific equivalents for the phrasal verbs, target language equivalents that are too lengthy and may result in inefficient sentences, and the phrasal verb’s meaning being too specific for its equivalents to be used in all contexts. This problem of untranslatability can be addressed by implementing strategies such as paraphrasing, offering additional information to complete the target text meaning, and applying modulation. Equivalence between the two texts is attained by using equivalents that can function in the same situation as the source text, providing equivalents in the form of explanations or additional information, using equivalents that explain the meaning from a different perspective. Additionally, equivalents have to be determined based on context in which the phrasal verbs are used, and the selection of equivalents should not be limited to the verb category only. Although there are no phrasal verbs in Indonesian, they can still be translated because the transfer is of the meaning rather than the language form. When both texts are equivalent, it suggests that the translator has a strong grasp of the source and target languages and has made appropriate adjustments to convey the intended meaning. This study aims to enhance the field of translation studies, specifically in regards to the translatability of phrasal verbs.

Analyzing the Derivational Verb of Indonesian Based on the Derivational Morphology

This research delved deep into the complex and intricate world of derivational verbs in the Indonesian language, with a meticulous analysis of their structure and formation using the lens of derivational morphology. The study scrutinized the systematic rules governing the creation of verbs in Indonesian, exploring the prefixes, suffixes, and root words that significantly shaped their meaning and function. Through advanced linguistic methodologies and extensive data collection, this research aimed to unveil the underlying patterns and principles governing the formation of derivational verbs in Indonesian. The study delved into the intricate web of Indonesian derivational verbs, examining how certain affixes or combinations of affixes could change the meaning of the root word and create an entirely new word. The findings showed that (1) Indonesian verb derivation used a wide range of affixes; these affixes came in various forms, including prefixes like {me(N)-}, {ber-}, {ter-}, and suffixes like {-kan}, {-i}; (2) the use of different affixes with root words resulted in significant semantic shifts, and (3) the significance of affixation patterns and semantic shifts in Indonesian verb derivation was highlighted, which could be used to develop a structured theoretical framework for future linguistic inquiries. The findings of this research offered valuable insights into the language's intricate derivational system, shedding light on the nuanced processes that contributed to the rich tapestry of Indonesian vocabulary. It contributed to a better understanding of the language's syntax, grammar, and partial linguistic structure.

Use of verb valency patterns in the Indonesian monolingual learner’s dictionary

The verb is one of the most perplexing features for learners of BIPA (Bahasa Indonesia bagi Penutur Asing “Indonesian for foreign speakers”). Indonesian verbs are particularly rich in affixes that correspond to their numerous senses. The learners find it challenging to use verbs with the appropriate affixes in a sentence structure. To function effectively as a learning tool, dictionaries must provide morphological and grammatical information. Frame semantics theory is used in this research to determine a verb’s meaning based on its semantic context and frame. The verb is described by identifying the grammatical constructions in which it participates, and by characterizing all of the obligatory and optional types of companions. By doing this, we can obtain the verb valency pattern to add to a dictionary’s morphological and grammatical information. This study aims to create entry models of affixed verbs with the valency pattern. The six transitive verbs for discussion comprise a variety of affixes with various senses: mempersembahkan “to present/dedicate”; membersihkan “to clean”; mencintai “to love”; memperlancar “to expedite”; memperbaiki “to fix”; and memberlakukan “to apply”. These entries serve as models for the BIPA learner’s dictionary.

Translation of Auxiliary Verbs in Novel the Fault in Our Stars

This study intends to: (i) analyze the forms of auxiliary verbs and their translation found in the data source, (ii) analyze the translation strategies used in the translation process from the source language and target language. This research study focuses on English auxiliary verbs and their translations into Indonesian found in the novel entitled “The Fault in Our Stars” and the translation strategies in the translation process. In analyzing the data, the analysis uses the translation strategies proposed by (Chesterman, 2016). The method that the researcher employs is namely qualitative method, while the approach is descriptive qualitative. The data taken is purposeful sampling. The data taken for each auxiliary verbs are 50 data. This research shows that most of the English auxiliary verbs are not translated in Indonesian because there is no fixed equivalent for auxiliary verbs in Indonesian. There are only four strategies out of thirty strategies proposed by Chesterman are used. The strategies are literal (7 data), transposition (28 data), unit shift (12 data), and compression (28 data). Moreover, the dominant strategy used are transposition and compression, for each of them is 28 data. Thus, it can be implied that only 2 of 30 translation strategies that mostly used in translating auxiliary verbs.

MORPHOSEMANTIC FEATURES OF MEMBUAT ‘MAKE’ IN THE LIGHT VERB CONSTRUCTIONS OF INDONESIAN

Light verb constructions (LVCs) are combinations of a verb and a noun that operate as a referee for a distinctive idiomatic-like meaning in which the noun is the central focus of meaning deduction. This study aimed to identify and describe Indonesian LVCs as morphosemantic phenomena. The dataset comprises Indonesian sentences containing featured LVCs. Three corpora were utilized as data sources: Leipzig Corpora Collection – Indonesian (LCCI), SEAlang Library Indonesian Text Corpus (SEAlang), and Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI). In this study, a framework from Morphosemantics has been employed to provide the deep analysis technique. The results revealed the following two folds. First, at the morphological level, the Indonesian verb membuat 'make' is a clear indicator of the existence of LVCs. Second, on a semantic level, the verb membuat ‘make’ in Indonesian LVCs tends to produce ACTION type verbs, AGENT paired argument of verbs and RESULTATIVE grammatical meaning. This study suggested that further research be done on the morphosyntactic features of the Indonesian LVCs verb membuat 'make.'

The Formation of Perfect, Imperfect, Imperative, of Indonesian and Arabic Verbs: A Contrastive Analysis

Arabic and Indonesian have different constructions in the formation of the verb tenses. The purpose of this study is to describe the process of formation of tense verbs in Arabic and Indonesian, to analyze the differences in the formation of tenses between the two languages. The method used in this research is qualitative with contrastive analysis. The results of this study describe the formation of Arabic tense verbs through internal modification and affixation, while the formation of Indonesian verbs is realized lexically. The difference between the two is that the formation of verbs in Arabic is always related to time, quantity, and gender differences, are expressed grammatically through verbs changes, while the formation of verbs in Indonesian is not related to time, and gender thus expressing the semantic concepts of time, quantity, and gender are lexically represented by accompanying verbs to form verb phrases without changing their verb forms.

Transposition of English Zero Derivation from Nouns to Indonesian Verbs in to Kill a Mockingbird

The research aimed to discuss and analyze the translation of English zero derivation or conversion from nouns to Indonesian verbs using transposition strategy. The research was carried out through the qualitative method by having the constant comparative analysis whose data were collected from Harper Lee’s novel ‘To Kill a Mockingbird’. The data collection was obtained by sampling to support the description based on the classification, including morphological and syntactic categories. The findings show an obvious difference between source and target languages. This occurs when the translation of English zero derivation relies on the affixes more frequently than any other criteria. Furthermore, the overall result proves that the transposition of English conversion from nouns into Indonesian verbs can be analyzed from the verb base that can be converted into nouns, which is then called a deverbal noun, and the noun base that can be converted into a verb. The translation of English zero deverbal noun is possible to be transposed into the target language verb. In a part of formal properties, the identification of English verb base converted into noun could be characterized by the irregular verb, stress pattern, intransitive verb, and semantic complexity, at the same time when the English noun base is transposed into Indonesian verb by considering the verbal interpretation and frequency of occurrence.

TRANSLATION EQUIVALENCE OF INDONESIAN VERBREDUPLICATION INTO ENGLISH

In terms of morphology, reduplication is called unique because it duplicates the similar words twice or more. In Indonesia, reduplication is often used in daily communication. It can make Indonesian language sound unique. It is possible to say “kecil-kecil” to emphasize “something (plural) in small size”. On the other hand, when Indonesian reduplication is translated into English, it is impossible to find “*small-small” as its translation. This paper aims to investigate about translation equivalence of Indonesian verb reduplication into English. The Natural Semantic Metalanguage approach proposed by Wierzbicka (1996) was used to find translation equivalence of Indonesian verb reduplication meaning and its translation into English. By using descriptive qualitative methods in analyzing data, the finding shows that verb reduplication emphasizes on reciprocal meaning, iterative meaning, and the meaning of doing something for happiness. Translating Indonesian verb reduplication into English means transferring the message or emphasizes meaning rather than preserving their unique form. 
 
 Keywords: Reduplication, Translation Equivalence, NSM Approach

Google Translate Performance in Translating English Passive Voice into Indonesian

A scant number of Google Translate users and researchers continue to be skeptical of the current Google Translate's performance as a machine translation tool. As English passive voice translation often brings problems, especially when translated into Indonesian which rich of affixes, this study works to analyze the way Google Translate (MT) translates English passive voice into Indonesian and to investigate whether Google Translate (MT) can do modulation. The data in this research were in the form of clauses and sentences with passive voice taken from corpus data. It included 497 news articles from the online news platform ‘GlobalVoices,' which were processed with AntConc 3.5.8 software. The data in this research were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively to achieve broad objectives, depth of understanding, and the corroboration. Meanwhile, the comparative methods were used to analyze both source and target texts. Through the cautious process of collecting and analyzing the data, the results showed that (1) GT (via NMT) was able to translate the English passive voice by distinguishing morphological changes in Indonesian passive voice (2) GT was able to modulate English passive voice into Indonesian base verbs and Indonesian active voice.

Syntactic Configuration of Code-Switching between Indonesian and English: Another Perspective on Code-Switching Phenomena

Code-switching, an alternation or mixing one language with another, has been an unmarked phenomenon for a multilingual society. In Indonesia, this phenomenon nowadays lives and thrives among the people. This study discusses the syntactic configuration of code-switching between Indonesian and English in terms of switched segments, points, and changing types. The study is descriptive qualitative in nature. The data comprise 25 recording hours of natural speech produced by 119 Indonesians in 4 types of interaction: seminars, meetings, TV dialogues, and chitchats conducted in six metropolitan cities—Jakarta, Bandung, Semarang, Yogyakarta, Surabaya, and Makassar. The sample drawn purposively comprises 550 switching discourses consisting of 666 switching corpora. It is found that nouns serving as subjects, predicators, objects of verbs, and prepositions to be the most dominant switched segments. A switch between Indonesian noun phrases and English noun phrases, Indonesian verbs or prepositions, and English objective noun phrases, Indonesian conjunctions, and English conjoined noun phrases or clauses is the most popular switched points, and intercausal switching including intraporal and interlexical switching is the most frequent switching type of code-switching between Indonesian and English. ANOVA Friedman’s test confirms that these patterns are the same among the four types of discourses, implying that such a syntactic configuration of Indonesia-English code-switching is universally applicable to any situation and type of interaction. In conclusion, the domination of nouns indicates that the syntactic configuration of Indonesian-English code-switching mainly occurs at minor constituents such as within a clause, phrase, and word boundaries. This demonstrates that code-switching between Indonesian and English is more likely to occur intrasentential rather than intersentential, which is the most popular anywhere in literature.

Lexemic Conversion in Indonesian

This paper is intended to describe various possiblities of Indonesian lexemic conversion to other lexemes that belongs to other word classes but they are still semantically included in the same sememes. By observing data gathered intuitively as an Indonesian native speaker, and their possibilities of becoming members of other word classes, it is found that there are many Indonesian vocabularies have potentials to be transposited to othar word classes through conversion processes. Indonesian verbs and nouns tend to have greater possibilities to convert to other categories than the other parts of speech. All of these phenomena suggests that conversion processes are essentially constituting the unlimited human thinking and the limited language as the expression medium.

Analysis on the Syntax and Semantics of Get and Dapatkan

This study aims at contrasting get and dapatkan covering the structure, syntactic valence, and semantic parameters. Get is analysed along with its synonym make, find, become, and understand as well as dapatkan, represented by mendapatkan, and its synonyms mencapai, menerima, menemukan, and mengambil. Dapatkan needs to transform into mendapatkan to express formality and is more frequently used than dapatkan. By using distributional and identity methods and applying the theory of verbs and their satellites and semantic parameter, this study reveals that the structures only influence the differences of the verbs’ syntactic valence whereas the meanings contribute to the similarities and differences of the verbs semantic parameters. In terms of valence get can be monovalent (S+v+AD), make is trivalent (S+v+AD+PO), find is bivalent (S+v+O), become is bivalent (S+v+ND), and understand is monovalent (S+v). Indonesian verbs, mendapatkan, mencapai, menerima, menemukan, and mengambil are all bivalent with the basic construction S+v+O. The semantic aspects are analysed by applying transitivity parameters and this is affected by the meaning and status of the verb, either state or action. Get and its synonyms show lower transitivity than dapatkan, which is represented by mendapatkan, with its synonym. The verbs presenting low degree of transitivity are get, make, find, become, understand, menerima, and menemukan, whereas the high transitivity is shown by the verbs mendapatkan, mencapai, and mengambil.

PERBANDINGAN KELAS KATA BAHASA INDONESIA DENGAN BAHASA MELAYU THAILAND SELATAN

Comparison of Indonesian word classes with Southern Thai Malay language is a problem, namely how to compare Indonesian word classes with Southern Thai and Malay languages ​​so that there will be no errors in the use of said classes. The purpose of this study is to describe the similarities, differences and comparisons of Indonesian word classes with Southern Thai Malay. The type of research used in this study is a qualitative descriptive study. The results of the study are a comparison of Indonesian word classes with Southern Thai Malay language can be expressed in the same class of words, namely three word classes: Indonesian verbs with verbs Southern Thai Malay, Indonesian adjectives with the adjectives of South Thai Malay language and Indonesian verbs with language Southern Thai Malay. The difference between Indonesian words and Southern Thai Malay can be distinguished as noun, Pronomina and Numeralia words, adverb words can be found in Indonesian only, while South Thai Malay words can be classed as names.

THE MAPPING OF MOVEMENT VERBS FOUND IN THE GOOD EARTH

This study aimed at focussing the translation of movement verbs in The Good Earth written by Pearl S. Buck. The Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM) is applied in translation process. The novel The Good Earth was chosen as data source because it has two texts which have different language types. This study has the purpose to describe the application of translation procedures that is proposed by Vinay and Darlbener and it is applied to examine the mapping of Action Verbs by the NSM (Natural Semantic Metalanguage) theory. The analysis was shown as the mapping between Indonesian and English action verbs which was presented into the subtype of the verbs based on the classification. This study attempts to apply that theory in solving the problem of the different language. Semantic mapping (SM) is a method in statistics for dimensionality reduction that can be used in a set of multidimensional vectors of features to extract a few new features that preserves the main data characteristics. Translation is very important in various areas which are used to translate from one language into another language. However, it is not all the references written in Indonesian as they are coming from different countries and use different languages.

Verb Phrase and Its Translations Found in the Novel “Budha, a Story of Enlightenment”

This study aims at analyzing the syntactic structure of the verb phrase and its translation process occurred. This study also analyzes the kinds of shifts of verb phrase occurred in the translation process from English into Indonesia. This study is a descriptive qualitative study. The theory used in analyzing data is the theory proposed by Catford and Radford (1988). The theory used in analyzing the data source is the theory in translation especially in shifts of translation and the theory in syntax in order to analyze the verb phrases found in the data source. There are 12 verb phrases as data of this study. The verb in the data source can be categorized as an Indonesian verb. It can be seen from the text that is available in the data source, that the verb phrase in the source language can be transferred into an Indonesian verb in the target language Then, there are some steps applied in this study, the first step of this research is to collect the data source found in the novel The Budha, a Story of Enlightenment. The second step is to read and identify the text in the novel The Budha, a Story of Enlightenment containing the verb phrase. The next step is to take some texts, analyze and interpret the data, and finally draw a conclusion. The verb phrase found in the novel The Budha, a Story of Enlightenment was identified by the researcher. And this study continued in analyzing the translation process occurred. The result of translation analysis of the text shows that there is a shift occurred in all the 12 processes of translating English verb phrase into Indonesian. 8 are classified as changing into lower rank and 4 are classified as changing into a higher rank.

The study of Indonesian verbs berkata, bersabda, and berfirman

This research aims to analyze the existence of the Indonesian verbs “berkata”, “bersabda”, and “berfirman” (to say, to state). The method of document study was executed to provide the data, namely the translation of the Holy Quran (2004). Although it is unfair to compare the language of Indonesia and the language of Java from a speech level point of view, this paper is simply meant to trace how the words of the language of Indonesia show its speech levels in its own way. The Indonesian verbs “berfirman”, “bersabda”, and “berkata” are used to describe the activity of ‘saying’ or ‘speaking’ of God (berfirman), the Prophet Muhammad (bersabda), and people in common (berkata). It is concluded here that there are speech levels in the language of Indonesia, but they are not to compare with the speech levels like in the language of Java, Bali, Madura, Sunda, and or Sasak of Lombok.

WUJUD CAMPUR KODE POSTINGAN AKUN FACEBOOK MEME MANADO BASUDARA

AbstractThis researchaims to describe mixing code form of the post of facebook account Meme Manado Basudara. The object of this research mixing code form of the post of facebook account Meme Manado Basudara. The research method used is descriptive qualitative method. Data analysis techniques in this research are descriptive analysis and data collection techniques with 2 techniques, namely reading and note taking. Based on the analysis of the research, it was found that the forms of words consisting of nouns (nouns), adjectives (adjectives), verbs (verbs), adverbs (adverbs). The various forms of phrase codes were also found in this research, namely noun phrases, verb phrases and adjective phrases.There are mixing code form of words consisting of mixed forms of noun code (nouns) instead of 7 nouns consisting of 6 Indonesian nouns and 1 English noun. The mixing code form of adjective found 8 adjectives consisting of 6 Indonesian adjectives, 6 Indonesian adjectives and 2 English adjectives. The mixing code form of verbs (11 verbs), 11 verbs consisting of 6 Indonesian verbs, 5 verbs in English. The form of a mixture of adverb code that is 3 Indonesian adverb languages. The results of the research mixing code form of the post of facebook account Meme Manado Basudaraalso found mixed forms of phrase codes including 1 English noun phrase, 1 English verb phrase and 1 English adjective phrase.Keywords : mixed code, social media, ,meme

ANALISIS KONTRASTIF PEMBENTUKAN VERBA BAHASA ARAB DAN BAHASA INDONESIA SERTA IMPLIKASINYA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA ARAB

The construction Arabic dan Indonesian verbs within implication of learning Arabic language. The purpose of this study is to describe the process of formation of verbs Arabic and Indonesian, analyzing the difference between the two processes and outlines the implications of the differences in Arabic and Indonesian verb formation on Arabic learning. This research includes qualitative research. The data in this study are written data, whether published in articles, papers, books, and those contained in other writings related to the formation of verbs Arabic and Indonesian language and learning Arabic. The data collection methods used to refer to the technical note. The data collected in this study were analyzed using contrastive analysis. The results of this study describe the formation of Arabic verbs through internal modification and affixation, while the formation of verbs in the Indonesian language is done through affixation, reduplication and composition. The significant difference between the two is that the formation of verbs in Arabic is always related to time, quantity, and gender so as to reveal time, different numbers or genders are expressed grammatically through verb changes, whereas the formation of verbs in Indonesian is not related to time, and gender so as to reveal semantic concepts of time, quantity, and gender are lexically represented accompanying verbs to form verb phrases without altering their verb forms. The differences between them have implications for the Arabic learning process, namely the emergence of difficulties faced by Arabic learners.