The study of Indonesian verbs berkata, bersabda, and berfirman

Majid Wajdi,Ikhsanudin Ikhsanudin,Md Kamrul Hasan,Fatema Sharmin

doi:10.31940/jasl.v4i2.2149

Abstract

This research aims to analyze the existence of the Indonesian verbs “berkata”, “bersabda”, and “berfirman” (to say, to state). The method of document study was executed to provide the data, namely the translation of the Holy Quran (2004). Although it is unfair to compare the language of Indonesia and the language of Java from a speech level point of view, this paper is simply meant to trace how the words of the language of Indonesia show its speech levels in its own way. The Indonesian verbs “berfirman”, “bersabda”, and “berkata” are used to describe the activity of ‘saying’ or ‘speaking’ of God (berfirman), the Prophet Muhammad (bersabda), and people in common (berkata). It is concluded here that there are speech levels in the language of Indonesia, but they are not to compare with the speech levels like in the language of Java, Bali, Madura, Sunda, and or Sasak of Lombok.

Highlights

Indonesian has become a second language for most native speakers of local languages in most parts of Indonesia, such as Sundanese, Javanese, Balinese, Sasak, Madurese, and many speakers of other local languages apart from speakers of the five major languages mentioned earlier
What is meant by "language modernization" includes three aspects, namely "intellectualization" or "language rationalization", namely the development of the ability to form precise, thorough, and abstract statements, according to the needs of scientific discourse (Moeliono, 1985), "expansion of vocabulary", which includes the source of the term and its formation and development of the "barrel of language"
The majority of Indonesian speakers in Indonesia are native speakers of local languages, especially Javanese, Sundanese, Balinese, Sasak, Madurese, and others. These five languages are related languages which are characterized by the existence of high and low speech levels

Summary

Introduction

Indonesian has become a second language for most native speakers of local languages in most parts of Indonesia, such as Sundanese, Javanese, Balinese, Sasak, Madurese, and many speakers of other local languages apart from speakers of the five major languages mentioned earlier. The majority of Indonesian speakers in Indonesia are native speakers of local languages, especially Javanese, Sundanese, Balinese, Sasak, Madurese, and others These five languages are related languages which are characterized by the existence of high and low speech levels. For example, is widely recognized as one of the local languages of Indonesia with a low level of speech (called ngoko) and a high level of speech (called krama or basa) which coexist as a medium of daily communication for its speakers. The Indonesian verbs “berfirman”, “bersabda”, and “berkata” are used to describe the activity of saying by Allah/God (berfirman), the Prophet Muhammad (bersabda), and the common or ordinary people (berkata) This initial research hypothesis reveals that there is a kind of speech level in Indonesian, but not to be equated with the level of speech in Javanese, Sundanese, Balinese, Sasak, and Madurese as it is known so far

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Conclusion