Individual Training Plans Research Articles

Constructing A Tool To Assess Orienteer’S Competence

Components to determine orienteering performance consists of orienteering map reading ability and physical conditioning. Orienteers are typically trained in a well-designed course with pre-determined locations of start, controls and finish. The winner expends the least time. In addition, athletes always train themselves in varied outdoor settings or even on a treadmill. However, there had been no a tool to assess orienteering map reading ability and physical conditioning respectively. PURPOSE: To develop a systematic approach to assess individual map-reading ability and physical conditioning with considering physiological characteristics. METHODS: Twelve orienteers (9 males and 4 females, training experience: 3.6 ± 1.7 yrs., BMI: 21.8 ± 1.8 kg/m2) were recruited to participate the study. Participants were asked to have 2 runs in the same test course wearing device of Garmin Forerunner® 935/HRM-Tri. The first run mimicked the real competition, which was followed by a second run after enough rest and reviewing the map in detail. Anaerobic threshold (AT: 10.0 ± 2.0 km/hr) and critical velocity (CV: 11.4 ± 2.0 km/hr) were measured in lab using a standardized protocol on treadmill. The map-reading ability is defined by the difference between the first run velocity and the second run velocity. Repeated measures of one-way ANOVA was used to exam the mean difference among the first run velocity, the second run velocity, AT and CV. Statistical significant difference is set at p < .05. RESULTS: The first run velocity was significantly lower than the second run velocity, AT and CV (8.5 ± 1.2 km/hr vs. 9.5 ± 1.5 km/hr, 10.0 ± 2.0 km/hr, 11.4 ± 2.0 km/hr). However, the second run velocity did not different from AT. The %HRmax of the first run was also significantly lower than that of the second run (85.7 ± 4.3% vs. 89.8 ± 2.6%). To further assess individual map-reading ability and physical conditioning, we constructed a four-quadrant analysis tool to interpret the current state and future training direction. Two of participants showed excellent map-reading ability and good physical conditioning, which matched their achievements in formal competition. CONCLUSION: A tool for assessing orienteer’s competence was developed. It may be helpful for a coach to prescribe individual training plan or select some talent athletes.

A Descriptive Study of Training Methods for Fédération Equestre Internationale Endurance Horses in New Zealand

Training measures, particularly those that examine the interactions between training volume, speed, and recovery, can improve understanding of training practices that contribute to success and avoid adverse horse welfare outcomes in endurance competitions. This study describes the training of Fédération Equestre Internationale (FEI) 100–160 km level horses in New Zealand. A convenience sample of 16 participants and 25 horses were surveyed before commencement of training. Participants then reported daily data for an entire nine-month season of training and competition. Participants began their season with predetermined goals and individual training plans for each horse. They intended to use competitions for training. Competitions contributed a median of 44% [IQR, 36%–49%] of total accumulated distance (in training and competition) for each horse for the season, despite being only 11% (207/1,933) of all days worked. Most starts (80%) were in domestic-level (CEN) competition ≤80 km. Speed ranged from 2–18 km/hour on home training days to 6–18.5 km/hour in CEN competitions and 10.9–16.9 km/hour in FEI competitions. Horses were worked 34% [IQR, 21–38] of days in training, ranging from 12% to 55% for individual horses. The most common horse health problem was lameness, affecting 12/25 horses, for a median of 9 (range, 1–78) days. This study highlights the potential for CEN data as a resource to improve understanding of training and competition load, speed, and recovery and therefore reduce adverse horse welfare outcomes in FEI competitions.

Evaluating the Acute Effect of Stereoscopic Recovery by Dichoptic Stimulation Using Electroencephalogram.

Amblyopia is a common developmental disorder in adolescents and children. Stereoscopic loss is a symptom of amblyopia that can seriously affect the quality of patient's life. Recent studies have shown that the push-pull perceptual learning protocol had a positive effect on stereoscopic recovery. In this study, we developed a stereoscopic training method using a polarized visualization system according to the push-pull protocol. Dichoptic stimulation for 36 anisometropic and amblyopic subjects and 33 children with normal visual acuity (VA) has been conducted. Electroencephalogram (EEG) was used to evaluate the neurophysiological changes before, during, and after stimulation. For the anisometropic and amblyopic subjects, the statistical analysis demonstrated significant differences (p < 0.01) in the beta rhythm at the middle temporal and occipital lobes, while the EEG from the normal VA subjects indicated no significant changes when comparing the results before and after training. We concluded that the dichoptic training in our study can activate the middle temporal visual area and visual cortex. The EEG changes can be used to evaluate the training effects. This study also found that the beta band EEG acquired during visual stimulation at the dorsal visual stream can be potentially used for predicting acute training effect. The results facilitated the optimization of the individual training plan.

Anaerobic endurance of dance sport athletes

Summary Study aim: To assess the impact of an ordinary training week cycle lasting 6 months on the anaerobic endurance of dance sport athletes. Material and methods: Two couples of standard style and six couples of ten dance style, aged 14–26 years, of diverse competitive categories (E, D, B, A, S), were subjected to maximum runs 8 × 50 m spaced by 15-s intermissions, before and after half-year training. Running time of every run and post-run heart rate (HR) were measured. The results were expressed as running velocities (m/s) and R-R intervals for heart rates. Results: Velocities were significantly higher in the post-test (5.21 ± 0.21 m/s and 5.57 ± 0.34 m/s for women and men, respectively) than in the pre-test (5.13 ± 0.13 m/s and 5.39 ± 0.24 m/s, for women and men, respectively) (F1,14 = 14.70, p = 0.0018, η2 = 0.51) despite the fact that a significant decrease of speed in each successive run was noted (F7,98 = 82.19, p &lt; 0.001, η2 = 0.85) for all of the participants in the pre-test and post-test. Conclusions: The half-year training cycle of dance sport couples had no significant impact on their anaerobic endurance. It seems that individual training plans should include dancing interval exercises and interval training. The performance index is a useful tool in monitoring the training process and can be used as an accurate method for evaluating the anaerobic predispositions of athletes. It is recommended to develop specific, test-suitable dancing exercises.

Social Attitudes to Public Prosecution: Theory and Practice

The research featured the approaches to the study of social attitudes to public prosecution. The results were used as the theoretical basis for the development and testing of the complex of diagnostic measures "Representation of Public Prosecution". The complex consisted of projective techniques aimed at identifying social attitudes to public prosecution. The proposed complex is an integral part of the Comprehensive Program for the Training of Newly Hired Prosecutors of the Prosecutor's Office of the Russian Federation. The program was developed on the basis of the St. Petersburg Prosecutor's Office by V. A. Gubin and D. V. Shabarov in 2019. It identifies interests and predisposition to various types of prosecutorial activities. The program makes it possible to create an individual vocational and educational route in the framework of training newly hired prosecutors. It also determines the professional orientation and social settings of the new employees, their system of ideas about the environment of prosecutorial activities, their self-esteem and ability to perform this activity, the degree of professional value orientations, and interest in professional activity. The methods may be useful for district prosecutors that mentor young specialists in various institutions and form an individual training plan. In addition, the presented methods can be of some help to those employees of bodies and institutions of the prosecutor's office who decided to change the type of supervisory activity. The article describes an analysis of one of the methods of the Complex, namely the Projective methodology "20 definitions of the concept of "prosecutor's office". It was developed and successfully tested in practice by V. A. Gubin and D. V. Shabarov in 2019. The methodology identifies the cognitive component of social representations of prosecutorial activity.

Training and Competition Readiness in Triathlon.

Triathlon is characterized by the multidisciplinary nature of the sport where swimming, cycling, and running are completed sequentially in different events, such as the sprint, Olympic, long-distance, and Ironman formats. The large number of training sessions and overall volume undertaken by triathletes to improve fitness and performance can also increase the risk of injury, illness, or excessive fatigue. Short- and medium-term individualized training plans, periodization strategies, and work/rest balance are necessary to minimize interruptions to training due to injury, illness, or maladaptation. Even in the absence of health and wellbeing concerns, it is unclear whether cellular signals triggered by multiple training stimuli that drive training adaptations each day interfere with each other. Distribution of training intensity within and between different sessions is an important aspect of training. Both internal (perceived stress) and external loads (objective metrics) should be considered when monitoring training load. Incorporating strength training to complement the large body of endurance work in triathlon can help avoid overuse injuries. We explore emerging trends and strategies from the latest literature and evidence-based knowledge for improving training readiness and performance during competition in triathlon.

Разработка и внедрение индивидуальных планов тренировок по физической культуре для детей с ограниченными возможностями здоровья

Разработка и внедрение индивидуальных планов тренировок по физической культуре для детей с ограниченными возможностями здоровья

PO-122 Influence of Winter Training on Physiological and Biochemical Indexes of Bicyclist

Objective The research took the bicyclists in Zhejiang for preparing of the Thirteenth National Games in winter training as the subjects. Through physiological and biochemical index of testing during the winter training, we attempted to find out some rules or problems by exploring the characteristics of their training during winter training, Reached on body function and the training intensity of athletes for effective monitoring and adjustment effect during winter training, and to provide a reference for the development of scientific in bicycle training.&#x0D; Methods During the long term bicycle training, some physical fitness evaluation indices includingVO2max,anaerobic power,body composition,Hb,Bun,CK,T and NEUT% were tested and analyzed systematically. Master the bike athletes body function changes during the winter training, and discuss the relationship between these indexes and body function condition.&#x0D; Results VO2 max, VO2 max relative value almost no change during the winter training; The Large Anaerobic work, 30s average anaerobic work and an body composition indicators no significant difference (p &lt; 0.05), but had a significant change. Hb, Bun, CK,T,NEUT% based standard value in the normal range, throughout the winter training period, Hb, BUN and CK, T, NEUT % has experienced cyclical changes along with the change of sports load: Hb, T at the beginning of the winter training has a downward trend, CK and NEUT % in the early part of the winter training has a rising trend, but as for the winter training gradually restored, BUN rising during the winter training, two weeks before the end of winter training to get down.&#x0D; Conclusions 1, the pros and cons of aerobic capacity is not the main factors influencing the cycling short athlete special performance, but of eliminating anaerobic lactic acid after training to play an active role, aerobic ability training should be strengthened.&#x0D; 2, anaerobic metabolism energy is the important factors that affect cycling short athlete sport result, peak power and 30s average power to scientific evaluation of the athlete's training effect.&#x0D; 3, decreased body fat percentage and lean body mass increase, to improve the athlete special scores play a positive role.&#x0D; 4, during the winter training athletes Hb, CK, T, NEUT % changes over motion load, NEUT % can be used as auxiliary training monitoring indexes of female athletes on the biochemical indexes of the sensitivity is higher than male athletes.&#x0D; 5, in the case of lean body mass is not fall, blood urea to maintain at a high level of cycling short athletes may not bring much impact performance.&#x0D; 6, Because of the mobilization can bear the load and strength are not the same, the same load and intensity produced by the reflect function will not the same, further analysis is needed to combined with physiological and biochemical indexes and individual training plan situation carries on the comprehensive consideration, so as to improve the accuracy of measurement analysis.

Мобильные приложения для задач дистанционного обучения

The article considers the actual problem of transferring some tasks of the distance learning onto a mobile platform. The research was carried out on the basis of several generations of custom-designed software for the preparation of masters on the direction «Informatics and Computer Technlolgy» within the framework of the program «Architecture of Computer Technology and Information Systems». The paper describes the technology for developing and implementing a mobile application for a distance learning system for smartphones running the Android operating system. The task was to apply the system for the organization of distance learning in the international double-degree program in the framework of cooperation with foreign universities. The specificity of such an application lies in the possibility of teaching in English using software to combine the two training programs of participating universities to form individual training plans depending on the previous master's knowledge. It is planned to include special developments, for example, the use of task solvers to reduce the burden on teachers accompanying the learning process. This will reduce the time when solving difficult tasks as related to hardware implementation of algorithms for digital processing of information. Thus, we can speak about the expansion of the research part of this scientific project and the emerging possibility of using a mobile application for research and implementation of practices for obtaining professional skills and professional experience that occupy a significant place in the curriculum of undergraduates. The approach and methodology are proposed for implementing an individual distance learning system based on standard application modules using emulators. The results of experiments according to key parameters of the program system are presented.

Brief Report: Assessment of Training and Supervision Needs Among Registered Behavior Technicians

ABSTRACTWe assessed the self-perceived training needs of Registered Behavior Technicians (RBTs) to inform the content and direction of supervision provided by Board Certified Behavior Analysts (BCaBAs). The RBTs identified several training priorities that would improve their delivery of applied behavior analysis (ABA) services. Self-assessment by RBTs combined with direct observation allows supervisors to develop individualized training plans with these paraprofessional providers.

Effectiveness of an interactive telerehabilitation system with home-based exercise training in patients after total hip or knee replacement: study protocol for a multicenter, superiority, no-blinded randomized controlled trial

BackgroundTotal hip or knee replacement is one of the most frequently performed surgical procedures. Physical rehabilitation following total hip or knee replacement is an essential part of the therapy to improve functional outcomes and quality of life. After discharge from inpatient rehabilitation, a subsequent postoperative exercise therapy is needed to maintain functional mobility. Telerehabilitation may be a potential innovative treatment approach. We aim to investigate the superiority of an interactive telerehabilitation intervention for patients after total hip or knee replacement, in comparison to usual care, regarding physical performance, functional mobility, quality of life and pain.Methods/designThis is an open, randomized controlled, multicenter superiority study with two prospective arms. One hundred and ten eligible and consenting participants with total knee or hip replacement will be recruited at admission to subsequent inpatient rehabilitation. After comprehensive, 3-week, inpatient rehabilitation, the intervention group performs a 3-month, interactive, home-based exercise training with a telerehabilitation system. For this purpose, the physiotherapist creates an individual training plan out of 38 different strength and balance exercises which were implemented in the system. Data about the quality and frequency of training are transmitted to the physiotherapist for further adjustment. Communication between patient and physiotherapist is possible with the system. The control group receives voluntary, usual aftercare programs. Baseline assessments are investigated after discharge from rehabilitation; final assessments 3 months later. The primary outcome is the difference in improvement between intervention and control group in 6-minute walk distance after 3 months. Secondary outcomes include differences in the Timed Up and Go Test, the Five-Times-Sit-to-Stand Test, the Stair Ascend Test, the Short-Form 36, the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and postural control as well as gait and kinematic parameters of the lower limbs. Baseline-adjusted analysis of covariance models will be used to test for group differences in the primary and secondary endpoints.DiscussionWe expect the intervention group to benefit from the interactive, home-based exercise training in many respects represented by the study endpoints. If successful, this approach could be used to enhance the access to aftercare programs, especially in structurally weak areas.Trial registrationGerman Clinical Trials Register (DRKS), ID: DRKS00010009. Registered on 11 May 2016.

Neurofeedback for Peak Performance Training

Neurofeedback has been found to be effective in the treatment of a number of clinical disorders, such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD/ADD) (Lubar, 2003), obsessive-compulsive disorder (Hammond, 2003), seizures (Sterman, 2000), and substance abuse (Burkett, Cummins, Dickson, &amp; Skolnick, 2005; Saxby &amp; Peniston, 1995). The benefits of neurofeedback have also been found useful in peak performance training. These benefits include improving attention/concentration, imagery, arousal level, and decreasing worry and rumination (Williams, 2006). The combination of cognitive, emotional, and psychophysiological benefits from neurofeedback results in improved performance. Due to individual differences in brain activity, as well as the large diversity of skills required in different sports, neurofeedback for performance training is not a “one size fits all” approach (Wilson, Thompson, Thompson, &amp; Peper, 2011). In order to obtain optimal results, neurofeedback for peak performance training begins with appropriate assessment and evaluation of an individual's brain wave (electroencephalographic) activity. Individualized training plans are based upon the assessment findings and the specific needs of the targeted sport or activity (Wilson et al., 2011). This article will discuss the benefits and applications of neurofeedback for peak performance training and the importance of assessment to create effective training programs.

The organization of interaction of subjects of educational process when using platforms of distance learning

Within research in article the special attention is paid to the organization of distance training by means of the specialized local tool information systems oriented to provision of a certain set of educational services on the Internet. On the basis of the carried-out analysis advantages of platforms of distance training are noted: availability, a personifitsirovannost, a modularity on structure, usability, etc. Characteristics «the subject - subject» interactions are described in case of remote form of education: an active position trained in the course of activities, equality of persons training and trained, the joint problem resolution, game, dialogue, work in microgroups, admissibility of coexistence and acceptance of the opposite points of view. Specifics of process of interaction of subjects of educational process in higher education institution of physical culture on the basis of use of the Moodle platform, performed with participation of students athletes, teachers, the trainer, the staff of department of information technologies, managerial control are considered. Feature of such interaction is caused by need students athletes to combine sport and training in the conditions of long sports trainings and participation in competitions in the cities remote from educational institution. The accurate list of functions of each of subjects in the scheme of interaction is provided. In tabular option the example of a matrix of elements of the training remote rate for students of different forms of education (internal, correspondence and full-time according to the individual training plan) which implementation is impossible without harmonious work of all subjects involved in educational process is given. The schemes «the subject-subject» of interaction in case of distance training in higher education institution of physical culture with use of the Moodle platform are described. So for example, for students athletes of full-time courses educational and informative process happens, generally internally – in audiences of educational institution. The practical tasks provided for independent work (at the discretion of the teacher), are carried out by students in an internal or remote form. The students athletes who are trained internally according to the individual plan visit lecture and seminar occupations partially provided that there are no training occupations and competitions at this time. All required training materials for independent studying are available to students in any time, convenient for them. Unlike two previous forms, students athletes of extramural studies as much as possible use possibilities of the Moodle platform for implementation of educational process. For such students only adjusting lectures and small part of a practical training are internally provided. Dependence of form of education on quantity of the used remote forms of education is established: for full-time – 2 remote rates, for c full-time the individual training plan – 6 and for extramural studies – 8 rates. The determining role of the independent work accompanied with a certain support of students athletes from all subjects of educational process is emphasized: methodical (from the teacher) and coordinating (from the trainer, employees of managerial control, technical support of department of information technologies).

Prospective study of injury in volleyball players: 6 year results.

The volleyball game has a high complexity and thus entails a lot of strain to the players. Due to this high and different training and competition strain comprehensive and individual training plans should be developed with competing training objectives in order to prevent injuries. The aim of the study was to analyse prospectively over six seasons the acute and overuse injuries of a German male professional volleyball team. The study included 34 male national league players from season the 2007/08 to 2012/13. All players received a sport medicine examination and a functional diagnosis before each season. Based on the results the players received an individual training plan. The players suffered 186 injuries. The prevalence of acute injuries was 1.94 per player and overuse injuries 0.64 per player. The incidence of acute injuries was 3.3/1000 h volleyball and overuse injuries 1.08/1000 h volleyball. The largest number of injuries was found in the spine. The players had most likely minor injuries. The players had significantly fewer injuries in their second season (1.92) than in their first season (3.25; p= 0.004). It could be concluded that volleyball is a sport with a relative low prevalence of injuries compared to other team sports. The prevalence of injury is 2.58 per player. Due to an injury a player dropped out 16.91 days per season. An individual training program seems to reduce the incidence of injury.

Hacia la mejora del Plan Individual de Formación del Residente = Towards the improvement of Individual Training Plan of Resident

One aspect that characterizes the postgraduate training of health professionals is the individual training plan. This plan should be developed by the tutor of each resident, from the Specialty Official Program, the nature of the context in which the health center is located, as well as the needs and interests of the residents. It is therefore a factor to provide quality educational process for residents. But the proposal of these plans is no easy task, so often the tutors opt for resolving problems or learning difficulties in progress, supported only by the proprietary program established at the statewide. To establish such a plan, it is necessary to carry out a design and planning of it, which involves the development of a number of functions and competences by the tutor for which we don´t know if the tutors are prepared. In this paper, we investigate the practice of tutors. For this end, we has been designed and validated a questionnaire that allows us to obtain information on the daily work of the same with respect to their residents. Our ultimate intention is to make improvements to the design, planning and implementation of individual plans training.

Eleven-Year Outcomes From an Integrated Residency Program to Train Research Psychiatrists

In 2000, to address the critical shortage of research psychiatrists, faculty in the Residency Training Program in General Adult Psychiatry at the University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine developed and implemented a research resident training program (RRTP). In this article, the authors describe the program's development process, including its organizational structure, eligibility criteria for residents, and core program elements, and they report 11 years of outcomes data. Notable RRTP components include research and career mentorship, individualized training plans, the integration of clinical and research experiences, protected research time, and research funding. From 2000 to 2011, the RRTP enrolled 48 residents. The authors' primary outcome of interest in determining the success of the program was whether or not each RRTP resident entered a postdoctoral research fellowship after graduation. The authors found that more than 80% of graduates had matriculated to postdoctoral research fellowships, irrespective of their previous doctoral-level training in the basic or social sciences. The authors conclude that this flexible, individualized, and innovative training program for psychiatry residents was successful in facilitating the entry of participants into primary research careers, reasoning that it may serve as a model for other residency programs with similar goals. More widespread adoption of similar educational models may help to address the critical shortage of research psychiatrists.

A Novel Adaptive Mixed Reality System for Stroke Rehabilitation: Principles, Proof of Concept, and Preliminary Application in 2 Patients

This article presents the principles of an adaptive mixed reality rehabilitation (AMRR) system, as well as the training process and results from 2 stroke survivors who received AMRR therapy, to illustrate how the system can be used in the clinic. The AMRR system integrates traditional rehabilitation practices with state-of-the-art computational and motion capture technologies to create an engaging environment to train reaching movements. The system provides real-time, intuitive, and integrated audio and visual feedback (based on detailed kinematic data) representative of goal accomplishment, activity performance, and body function during a reaching task. The AMRR system also provides a quantitative kinematic evaluation that measures the deviation of the stroke survivor’s movement from an idealized, unimpaired movement. The therapist, using the quantitative measure and knowledge and observations, can adapt the feedback and physical environment of the AMRR system throughout therapy to address each participant’s individual impairments and progress. Individualized training plans, kinematic improvements measured over the entire therapy period, and the changes in relevant clinical scales and kinematic movement attributes before and after the month-long therapy are presented for 2 participants. The substantial improvements made by both participants after AMRR therapy demonstrate that this system has the potential to considerably enhance the recovery of stroke survivors with varying impairments for both kinematic improvements and functional ability.

El papel de los tutores en la formación de los residentes. Perspectivas de futuro

Introduced late in the Spanish system of training residents, the figure of the tutor has been detailed in the new legislation governing the training of medical specialists. The law also details the functions of tutors, some of which have been relegated to the regional governments. The functions of tutors are outlined in six sections: planning training activity, receiving new residents, proposing individual training plans, acting as a reference for residents, promoting residents’ participation in educational activities and research, and participating in the evaluation of residents. The recognition of tutors’ work has hardly gone beyond the recognition of their managerial functions and of their need for special training. The future publication of new regulations by the regional governments might increase this recognition. On the other hand, the development of the new core curriculum with different training trunks will probably pose new challenges and increase tutors’ workload.

El programa de la especialidad como herramienta de formación. Plan individual de formación de cada residente

The official training program for the specialty “Diagnostic Imaging” establishes minimum learning objectives that must be fulfilled. Each accredited teaching unit is responsible for designing and carrying out a curriculum to ensure that these objectives are met, and this approach permits a degree of flexibility. Various aspects must be considered in the individual training plans for each resident: the rotation scheme according to the way the department is organized, plans for recovering missed material or reinforcing weak points, optional rotations, increasing degrees of responsibility as skills are acquired during training, and accommodating special needs of handicapped persons. Nevertheless, the individual plan must be fitted to the established curriculum and guarantee that the content of the official program is covered and that the objectives stipulated therein are met. Furthermore, the methods of teaching must be adapted to the individual characteristics of the residents, and this is the most important aspect of the individualization of training. To this end, it is fundamental for residents to take on an active role in their training, guided by their tutor and with the participation of all the radiologists in the department including the other residents, all of whom should act as teachers.

Ernährungs- und Trainingsberatung beim Freizeitsportler

The goals of amateur athletes differ from one athlete to another: weight reduction, better physical fitness, improvement of performance for a marathon. A wrong diet and a training, which is too intensive, can make these goals unattainable. A diet analysis with subsequent advice and orthomolecular substitution supports the athlete usefully in reaching his goal. The author presents the so-called energy zone diagnostics, which is used to work out an individual training plan adapted to the respective goal.