Indian Institute Of Technology Research Articles

An Interview with Dr. Charu Aggarwal, SIGKDD Innovation Award Winner

Dr. Charu Aggarwal is a Distinguished Research Staff Member (DRSM) at the IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center in Yorktown Heights, New York. He earned a Bachelor of Technology in Computer Science from the Indian Institute of Technology at Kanpur in 1993 and his Ph.D. in Operations Research, with a focus on mathematical optimization, from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1996. He has worked extensively in the field of data mining, with particular interest in data streams, privacy, uncertain data and social network analysis. He has authored eight books, over 400 papers in refereed venues, and has applied for, or been granted, over 80 patents. Dr. Aggarwal sat down with SIGKDD Explorations to discuss how he first became involved in the KDD conference, his work at the IBM T.J. Watson Center and what excites him about the future of machine learning, data science and artificial intelligence.

Dialogue for Empowerment: Jana Sanskriti’s Experiment with the Method of the Theatre of the Oppressed in Rural Bengal

Since the 1970s, belief in the importance of participatory empowerment has been constantly asserted through various mass-inclusive developmental strategies. The growing interest in theatre for generating socio-political capacity-building among people gave rise to the Theatre of the Oppressed, conceptualized and developed by Augusto Boal. This article provides a brief outline of the modus operandi of Boal’s practice, and focuses on investigating the theoretical and practical methodology of Jana Sanskriti, the West Bengal group of practitioners of Theatre of the Oppressed. The article investigates the dialogical relationship between actors and audience in the three phases of the group’s theatre-making process: pre-performance; during the performance; and after it. It proposes an illustrative model of Jana Sanskriti’s dialogical approach towards experiencing a developmental surge in society. Shubhra Ghoshal is a research scholar at the Department of Humanities and Social Sciences at the Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines) in Dhanbad, India. Nirban Manna is an Assistant Professor at the Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines) in Dhanbad.

Perceptions of MOOCs among Indian State University students and teachers

PurposeThis study was inspired by the emergence of Massive Open Online Courses (henceforth MOOCs) as an e-learning trend of recent times, attracting huge enrollment across the globe. Studies revealed that MOOCs had been getting extensive attention by educational circles in India, but whether its acceptability is limited only among learning communities of country’s top-notch universities like Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Indian Institute of Technology (IITs), Indian Institute of Management (IIMs), and among Central Universities; or it has attracted equally the learners of State Universities spreading across every nook and corner of this huge country is yet to be studied. These State Universities virtually uphold the country’s higher education sector by catering learning ambitions of largest number of students. The present study investigated the penetration of MOOCs among students and teachers of State Universities in India.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative survey was conducted taking 10 reputed State Universities and 480 respondents (400 were students, and 80 were teachers) as samples. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were also conducted among 25 respondent students and teachers. Descriptive statistics, such as frequency and percentages, as well as inferential statistics, such as Likert scale and analysis of variance, were employed in analyzing the study.FindingsThe findings revealed that MOOCs have been successful in meeting the learning goals of the learners and teachers of these State Universities complementing their traditional learning environment at universities and by providing them a constant scope for re-skill and up-skill; still, participation in MOOCs is low, especially among females due to lack of awareness, inadequate infrastructure, and resultant poor completion rate.Practical implicationsThe current study is going to be helpful to the Indian policy makers and all concerned in creating a healthy atmosphere for making MOOCs accessible to students and thereby leveraging its potential to increase the quality of higher education across country as it exhibits a clear picture of the current state of its penetration, problems and possibilities among teachers and students of State Universities that conforms the largest section of Indian intelligentsia. The findings can be used to compare perceptions of students' and teachers' from other developing countries also.Originality/valueThis study is the reporting of an original survey conducted in India and the write up is based on the analysis and findings of the survey results.

PERCEPTION AND IMPORTANCE OF MENTOR-MENTEE PROGRAMME IN INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (IIT, JODHPUR) TO FIRST YEAR ENGINEERING STUDENT

PERCEPTION AND IMPORTANCE OF MENTOR-MENTEE PROGRAMME IN INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (IIT, JODHPUR) TO FIRST YEAR ENGINEERING STUDENT

Technology Focus: Completions (April 2020)

Technology Focus We must standardize our completion configuration for all our wells. We cannot wait 6 months to accumulate production data to use in optimizing treating parameters on future wells. Can you predict first-year oil production? Can you predict annular pressure buildup in your high-pressure/high-temperature well? Sound familiar? Today, completion optimization relies heavily on our experience with the last well, domain knowledge [subject-matter experts (SMEs)], or perhaps simple curve fitting using the data from multiple wells. All are time-honored methods but have fundamental limitations. As SMEs, humans can articulate the “what” but, when many variables are in play (e.g., unconventional completions), are frequently challenged in pinpointing the “whys.” Historical mathematical models are better but suffer from multiple assumptions about second- and third-order effects. While adequate in some cases, historical models are challenged when predicting outcomes in highly complex completions. Enter machine learning. Digitization, big data, artificial intelligence, analytics, machine learning (ML), and automation are mentioned frequently as solutions for today’s complex technical challenges. ML is particularly fascinating because numerical models are used that can learn and be trained to predict future outcomes accurately. The synopses in this feature show how ML can provide accurate prediction of annular pressure buildup, first-year oil production, and (in conjunction with novel casing accessories) the time and location of water breakthrough along a lateral wellbore. Digitization is a trend that will forever change how engineers and scientists tackle the most complex problems in our industry. ML can advance optimization in many complex completions significantly by delivering high-accuracy predictions. When ML is applied successfully, the numbers do not lie. Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org. SPE 196169 Subsurface-Driven Connectivity Descriptions in the Montney and the Duvernay Inform the Applicability of Single-Point vs. Multipoint Well Architectures by Ben Stephenson, Shell, et al. SPE 197968 Strategic Engineering Application for Long Lateral Wells by Ahmed Kiyoumi, Abu Dhabi National Oil Company, et al. SPE 196179 Evaluating Precision of Fluid/Casing Design for Annular Pressure Buildup Application Using Machine-Learning Tools by Sandeep D. Kulkarni, Indian Institute of Technology, et al.

Education Basics Of Financial Planning Prospective Intern Japan

Japanese technical apprenticeship opportunities for developing countries, including Indonesia. The program is called with the Technical Internship Training Program officially run by the respective governments. Apprentices from Indonesia had the opportunity to undergo an internship program for three years and earn wages while in Japan. Delivery interns from Indonesia, operationally performed by LPK (Employment Training Institute), who get permits and supervised by the Ministry of Manpower. Preparations made by the CAB include language training and technical skills, but not include things beyond the core financial management program. With the chance to get a monthly income that is worth 3-4 times more than the minimum wage in Indonesia, but only lasted three years (36 months), then the knowledge of the purpose and financial planning becomes essential. Activities by the Indian Institute of Technology and Business Ahmad Dahlan fill the void giver material in the aspect of financial literacy.

Numerical investigation on the hydrodynamic performance of high-speed planing hull with transom interceptor

ABSTRACT The study presents numerical investigations on hydrodynamic quality of high-speed planing hull with spray rails and interceptor. Interceptors are blades which extend vertically downwards at the bottom near transom. The pressure distribution is the main cause for reduction in trim of the vessel. The interceptor has an effect on vessel resistance reduction which further result in more desirable trim control. The hull model was analysed with interceptor at different heights based on Finite Volume method using dynamic mesh. The two degrees-of-freedom considered is heave and pitch. The model tests are performed in the current towing tank facility available in the Department of Ocean Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras for the planing hull with and without interceptor in calm water. The height of interceptor plays an important role on the vessel performance. The study shows better trim reduction with consequent decrease in total resistance of vessel in planing regime.

Preface

The 1st National Conference on “Recent Advancements in Physical Sciences” (NCRAPS-2019) during December 19-20, 2019 at National Institute of Technology, Uttarakhand, Satellite Campus, MNIT Jaipur, India is jointly organized by Departments of Chemistry, Physics and Mathematics, NIT, Uttarakhand.NCRAPS-2019 has been deliberated to showcase research accomplishments and to enrich the educational experience in Basic Sciences with focus on emerging multidisciplinary research areas viz. Biophysics, Nanotechnology & Materials Science, Fluid Mechanics & Biomechanics, Applied Mathematics & Analysis, Optical Sensors/Devices, Modelling and Simulation of Molecules/Advanced Materials, etc. The details of the conference are available at www.nituk.ac.in/ncraps19/. The conference organizing committee has invited three keynote speakers and over dozen domain experts to deliver expert talks. The three keynote speakers covered the different areas of the conference i.e. 1. Prof. Rama Bhargava (Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee) on “Exploring The Potential Of Mathematics”, 2. Prof. B. L. Ahuja (MLS University, Udaipur) will be talking on “Compton Spectroscopy and Electronic Response of Functional Materials”and 3. Prof. Rajeev Gupta (University of Delhi, Delhi) on “Designer Molecular Architectures: Applications In Catalysis, Solid-State Sensing And Energy Transfer”.The conference received in all 65 extended abstract submissions which were peer reviewed and 55 have been accepted for oral presentation. The abstracts have been split between two technical sessions in conference broad subject areas of Chemistry, Mathematics and Physics. The participants across the great country India made the conference of national scope. The two day conference with nearly 55 oral presentations created the heart of the conference and provided ample opportunity for discussion during the conference. The organizing committee will stringently examine the best research accomplishments out of 56 shortlisted abstracts and the work selected in second round will be processed to the full paper publication in Institute of Physics (IOP) as conference proceedings.As conferencechairs/secretaries, we have many people to thank and would like to put the appreciation of their contribution on record. In this regard, the largest burden fell upon the experienced shoulders of Keynote speakers, Invited speakers, Session chairs and our technical reviewers along with substantial assistance received from active student volunteers. Therefore, these are the foremost in the list of people to be thanked.We also thank to all the authors who submitted their papers. It was both a privilege and a great responsibility to oversee the reviewing of submitted papers. We sincerely thank to our Patron, Prof.Shyam Lal Soni, Director, NITUK and Sponsors State Bank of India and Paru Graphics Srinagar (Garhwal), Uttarakhand for generous financial support to the conference and helping us to make this event successful.Welcome you all to the pink City of Jaipur!Thank you!Conference Chair(s)/Secretaries

Boron Has More Surprises

Download : Download high-res image (124KB) Download : Download full-size image Dr. Anup Bhunia is an Alexander von Humboldt postdoctoral fellow working at the Westfalische Wilhelms-Universitat Munster in the lab of Prof. Armido Studer. He received his BSc in chemistry from Midnapore College, his MSc from the Indian Institute of Technology, and his PhD from the CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory under the guidance of Prof. Akkattu T. Biju. His graduate work entailed transition-metal-free carbon–carbon and carbon–heteroatom bond-forming reactions using N-heterocyclic carbene catalysis and aryne chemistry. His postdoctoral research has centered on the development of new reagents for stereo- and regioselective functionalizations of alkenes through metal catalysis or free-radical reactions.

Preface

The International Conference on Advances in Materials Processing and Characterization (ICAMPC 2019) was held on 10 and 11 September 2019 at Bannari Amman Institute of Technology (BIT), Sathyamangalam, India and was organized by the Departments of Aeronautical, Automobile, Mechanical and Mechatronics. The purpose of the conference was to collaborate among students, researchers and scientists around the world focusing on materials research involving topics such as additive manufacturing, powder metallurgy, composites, surface engineering, metal joining, materials testing, nanomaterials, numerical modeling and simulation, energy materials, smart materials etc. This conference provided an opportunity and platform for presenters to showcase their work and discuss them with like-minded researchers. We received over 150 research articles and short listed 64 articles based on peer review for presentation cum possible publication in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (p-ISSN:1757-8981, e-ISSN:1757-899X).The invited keynote speakers were Dr. N.L. Parthasarathi, Scientist - E, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, India and Dr. K.G. Pradeep, Assistant Professor, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras. The conference was partially sponsored by Indian Society for Technical Education (ISTE), New Delhi and Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia.List of About BIT, Conference Messages, Keynote Address and Snapshots of ICAMPC 2019 are available in this PDF.

Energy Efficient Retrofit Model for Unconditioned Buildings Set in the Composite Climatic Region of India

The potential of energy efficient retrofitting of existing unconditioned buildings to save associated building energy consumption makes it an area of great interest. A questionnaire survey conducted amongst the architecture and civil stream students of Indian institute of Technology (IIT) Roorkee, based upon the questions related to high performance buildings parameters revealed that, energy efficiency is one of the areas which needs greatest attention. The outcome of this survey strengthens the need of such research. Therefore, this research intends to convert an existing unconditioned building to an energy efficient building. For doing so, energy savings opportunities in existing unconditioned buildings are identified and devised into a four – fold energy efficient retrofit model. This paper, evaluates the significance of the proposed four- fold energy efficient model using case studies and energy simulation modeling as a tool.

Jodhpur Sandstone: an Architectonic Heritage Stone from India

Jodhpur Sandstone, used extensively in several regional heritage buildings in north-western India, geologically belongs to the Ediacaran-Cambrian age Marwar Supergroup. The Marwar Supergroup has been subdivided into Jodhpur (arenaceous facies), Bilara (carbonate facies) and Nagaur (argillaceous facies) groups (in stratigraphically ascending order). The brown, red, pink and creamish pink varieties of Jodhpur Group Sandstone are the most preferred dimension stone varieties, excavated from several open quarries in the region between Jodhpur and Satrava in western part of Rajasthan State, NW India. The region has an old quarrying history, dating back to the use of sandstone in the fourth century temples in Mandor, eighth century Osian Temple Complex (also called as Khajuraho of Rajasthan for its intricate carvings in sandstone) and several historic monuments, such as Mandore Fort, Royal Tombs at Mandore Garden, Mehrangarh Fort, Clock Tower, Jaswant Thada, Umaid Bhawan Palace, etc. Several present day institutions/corporate houses of national eminence, such as the Rajasthan High Court, Indian Institute of Technology (Jodhpur), All India Institute of Medical Sciences (Jodhpur), Umaid Heritage Residential Complex and Hotel Radisson (Jodhpur) etc. exemplify continued use of Jodhpur Sandstone in contemporary times. Buildings of the Karachi Municipal Corporation and Karachi Chamber of Commerce and Industry in southern Pakistan attest to the international usage of Jodhpur Sandstone. The Jodhpur Sandstone can be classified as ‘quartz arenite’ comprising rounded to sub-rounded quartz grains with ferruginous cement. Its mature, mineralogy and moderate to high endurance, resistance to weathering, etc., render it suitable for intricate carving. Owing to these characteristics and its aesthetic appeal, it is used in a range of artefacts and handicrafts within India and overseas. The Jodhpur Sandstone fulfils the criteria laid down by the Heritage Stone Sub-commission for designation as a Global Heritage Stone Resource and we propose a case for its consideration and accreditation as a Global Heritage Stone Resource from India.

PERCEPTION AND IMPORTANCE OF MENTOR-MENTEE PROGRAMME IN INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (IIT, JODHPUR) TO FIRST YEAR ENGINEERING STUDENT

Background: Mentoring is a crucial step for career success and there is lot of stress of different engineering courses in the new environment along with emotional immaturity and new challenges. A well-designed and structured mentoring programme for the budding engineers has been introduced at IIT. A specialized institutional support is required for an IIT student to facilitate success. To facilitate this high level of success for every student, the approach should be active and antecedent. Mentoring has always been an important part in an engineering students’ career. 
 Material and methods: A mentorship programme was designed for engineering students (n-120) at the Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur. Two-day workshop was conducted to sensitize senior students of third semester (n-15) who volunteered to be dedicated mentors. After sensitization, 120 B.Tech first semester students were divided among these mentors by a lottery system. At the end of the mentorship programme, perception of mentors and mentees was done by content analysis of all the data collected by open ended and close ended questionnaire.
 Results: A total of 120 students and 15 mentors completed the feedback questionnaire. Mentors themselves consider this programme helpful in their self-improvement as role models, advisors or career counselors and in improving their communication skills and mentees were of the view that the programme helped them emotionally and academically.
 Conclusion: Mentor-mentee programme in IIT enhanced the engineering students professional and personal development and both mentors and mentees were extremely satisfied with this programme for career development.

A hybrid model for building energy consumption forecasting using long short term memory networks

Data driven building energy consumption forecasting models play a significant role in enhancing the energy efficiency of the buildings through building energy management, energy operations, and control strategies. The multi-source and heterogeneous energy consumption data necessitates the integration of evolutionary algorithms and data-driven models for better forecast accuracy and robustness. We present eDemand, an energy consumption forecasting model which employs long short term memory networks and improved sine cosine optimization algorithm for accurate and robust building energy consumption forecasting. A novel Haar wavelet based mutation operator was introduced to enhance the divergence nature of sine cosine optimization algorithm towards the global optimal solution. Further, the hyperparameters (learning rate, weight decay, momentum, and number of hidden layers) of the LSTM were optimized using the improved sine cosine optimization algorithm. A case study on the real-time energy consumption data obtained from Kanwal Rekhi building, an academic building at Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay for short, mid, and long-term forecasting. Experiments reveal that the proposed model outperforms the state-of-the-art energy consumption forecast models in terms of mean absolute error, mean absolute percentage error, mean square error, root mean square error, and Theil statistics. It is shown that stable and accurate forecast results are produced by ISCOA-LSTM and hence it can be used as an efficient tool for solving energy consumption forecast problems.

Embracing Disruption in Engineering Education

Role of an engineer is imperative in improving the quality of human life and India is one of the largest producers of engineers with 23 IITs (Indian Institute of Technology), 31 NITs (National Institute of Technology) and state universities offer technical education in the form of undergraduate, graduate and postgraduate programs. Since India, a predominantly young population, IITs and NITs are not sufficient in number and hence AICTE (All India Council for Technical Education) has approved over ten thousand self-financed private engineering colleges across the country to cater the huge demand for engineering education. Except for IITs, NITs, and other premier institutes, most engineering colleges failed to give quality education to the students, which would get them suitable jobs. As per the research carried out by Aspiring Minds a leading employability assessment company, only 1.7 percent of the engineering graduates are suitable for the new age jobs and top 10 IT companies recruit only 7 percent of the engineering graduates every year which is a serious concern. [1]

The Establishment of IIT Madras. German Cold War Development Assistance and Engineering Education in India — Das IIT Madras. Deutsche Entwicklungshilfe und indische Ingenieurausbildung im Kalten Krieg

The Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Madras was established between 1959 and 1974 with assistance of the Federal Republic of Germany, which was the largest West German enterprise in the field of technical education abroad. The support consisted of German experts for teaching and in setting up laboratories and workshops. In this article, I argue that the engagement of the Federal Republic at IIT Madras must be understood primarily as a political project. The Federal Republic saw itself in direct competition with the Soviet Union, but also with the USA and the UK, which in turn supported the establishment of the IITs in Bombay, Kanpur and Delhi. While West Germany’s engagement had initially been motivated by influencing India’s position on divided post-war Germany, this changed towards the end of the 1960s to the vested interest of German policymakers in long-term scientific and technical cooperation. The German assistance was reoriented, from workshop-based engineering education to setting up a technological research university. Planning and policy were guided by political premises, to which the educational and scientific aspects were subordinate, and German staff was controlled and restricted in its scientific freedom. The German faculty saw themselves confronted with implementing a project which had been politically predefined as a successful Indo-German collaboration, by establishing meaningful research and engineering training. As a case study, the article contributes to the important history of aid in technical educational as part of Westas well as East German development aid during the Cold War, which so far has received little if any attention among historians.

Between College and Town: Envisioning the First Indian MIT and the Planning of the Indian Institute of Technology (1951) in Kharagpur

After India gained independence from British rule in 1947, the nation embarked on an ambitious technoscientific mission of planned progress. A major component of this development was higher education, and in a relatively short time, the government built a large number of new academic campuses. An early and important type of institute was a higher technical institute, and the first of its kind was built in 1951 at Kharagpur, seventy miles west from Calcutta. It was named the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) and drew inspiration from none other than the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in the United States. Yet, as this paper shows, the Indian condition was extraordinary—the requirements for living and learning at IIT-Kharagpur juxtaposed the fields of campus design and town planning to create, in hindsight, arguably India's first college town. Previous architectural history accounts have largely overlooked and dismissed the planning and design for the campus. However, as this paper argues, IIT-Kharagpur informed many subsequent campus design ideas in India—greater integration of town planning principles, improved administrative procedures for campus development, and a shift in the selection of campus architects from the government to the private architectural sector.

Antimalarial drug sensitivity test: A new approach toward management of severity of Plasmodium falciparum

Background: Malaria despite everything represents a danger to the strength of occupants and voyagers in tropical nations. The Plasmodium species that are known to infect humans worldwide are Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium ovale, Plasmodium malariae, and Plasmodium knowlesi. Of these, P. falciparum causes high morbidity and mortality, and it is during the asexual erythrocytic stages that the majority of the indications of malaria are shown. Aim: The aim of this study was to standardize an in vitro assay for antimalarial drug sensitivity of P. falciparum isolates. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was carried out over a period of 1 year from July 2014 to June 2015. We effectively completed in vitro drug susceptibility testing on 34 isolates of P. falciparum, which were collected from the patient admitted in Mahatma Gandhi Mission’s Teaching Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. We obtained the P. falciparum 3D7 strain from Haffkine Institute for Training, Research and Testing, and Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. World Health Organization (WHO) standard in vitro micro-test (Mark III) method was used for the assessment of the response of P. falciparum to chloroquine, mefloquine, quinine, amodiaquine, sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine, and artemisinin. The method was partially modified by replacement of leukocytes with AB serum in Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI)-1640 medium. Results: The development of P. falciparum 3D7 chloroquine-sensitive strain from the ring stage to schizonts (not fewer than six merozoites) in control wells containing chloroquine was 100% recorded. This level of development in the control wells empowered fast minute assurance (5min for isolate per drug) of the Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of chloroquine. The test well shows the development from the ring stage to mature schizont stages were 67.65% in well containing chloroquine, 17.65% in well containing amodiaquine, and 14.71% in well containing sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine, it means these drugs are resistant to P. falciparum, and however, there is no development of the P. falciparum from the ring stage to mature schizont (with at least six merozoites) stage in the well containing artesunate, mefloquine and quinine were equal to the control well, it means these antimalarial drugs are sensitive to the P. falciparum. Conclusion: Antimalarial drug resistance has developed as a result of prescribing this medication without having malaria. Early diagnosis of malaria and drug sensitivity testing may prevent the emergence of resistance to antimalarial drugs. Monotherapy ought to be kept up a key decent way from; the combined antimalarial drug therapy may reduce the chances of emergence of antimalarial drug resistance.

Hybrid Feature Selection Method Based on Harmony Search and Naked Mole-Rat Algorithms for Spoken Language Identification From Audio Signals

This era is dominated by artificial intelligence and its various applications - one of which is Spoken Language Identification (S-LID) which has always been a challenging issue and an important research area in the domain of speech signal processing. This paper deals with S-LID to be used for Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) based applications by attempting to classify various languages from three multi-lingual databases namely CSS10: A Collection of Single Speaker Speech Datasets for 10 Languages, VoxForge and Indian Institute of Technology, Madras (IIT-Madras) speech corpus database by extracting their Mel-Spectrogram features and Relative Spectral Transform - Perceptual Linear Prediction (RASTA-PLP) features. A new hybrid Feature Selection (FS) algorithm have been developed using the versatile Harmony Search (HS) algorithm and a new nature-inspired algorithm called Naked Mole-Rat (NMR) algorithm to select the best subset of features and reduce the model complexity to help it train faster. This selected feature set is fed to five classifiers namely Support Vector Machine (SVM), k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN), Multi-layer Perceptron (MLP), Naïve Bayes (NB) and Random Forest (RF). The evaluation measures used in this paper are precision, recall, f1-score, classification accuracy and number of selected features. An accuracy of 99.89% on CSS10, 98.22% on VoxForge and 99.75% on IIT-Madras speech corpus databases is achieved using RF. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm is found to outperform 15 standard meta-heuristic FS algorithms. The source code of this work is available at: https://github.com/CodeChef97dotcom/HS-NMR.git.

Biometric Passport for National Security Using Multibiometrics and Encrypted Biometric Data Encoded in the QR Code

An e-passport contains the personal and biometric information of a person. It has some current and possible applications relating to national security and law enforcement such as border security, illegal immigration, terrorism, criminals, fake passport, and so on. In the past decade, a number of countries have implemented the e-passport based on Machine Readable Travel Documents (MRTD) and International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) standardization. However, there is a threat scenario in the privacy infringement problem due to Radio Frequency Identification Device (RFID) such as data leakage threats, identity theft, tracking, and host listing. In this article, a multimodal biometric, secure encrypted data and encrypted biometric encoded in the Quick Response Code (QR code) based e-passport authentication method is proposed for national security application. Further, Personal information and biometric data are encrypted by applying the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) and the Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA) 256 algorithm. More specifically, face recognition based on facial marks size detection and hand geometry detection is used for a biometric passport to enhance and secure the authentication level. The proposed method achieved an accuracy level of 92% for IITK (Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur) dataset, an accuracy level of 93% for FEI (Fundação Educacional Inaciana) dataset in mark size detection and an accuracy level of 96.67% achieved in the hand geometry detection.