Economic Indicators Research Articles

Payment Clearing and Regional Economy Development Based on Panel Data of Sichuan Province

Abstract The payment and clearing system can objectively record the operation of funds for social and economic activities, and the use of payment and clearing data can be made to monitor regional economic changes sensitively. Employing panel data of cities and prefectures in Sichuan Province from 2010 to 2021, this article employs econometric analysis to examine the link between payment and clearing data and the regional economy. The paper’s focus includes the payment and clearing system and economic indicators. The increase in the total amount of payment and clearing data has a significant positive correlation with digital economic development. Only by regression between the total amount of payment and clearing and regional gross domestic product (GDP), it can be found that every 1% increase in payment and clearing can increase regional GDP by 0.476%. After controlling factors such as important production factors, openness, and government intervention, the elasticity coefficient is still 0.1%, and the correlation is significant. Therefore, the amount of payment and liquidation is a valuable predictor of regional economic development. And thus providing Intelligent decision-making references for the policy formulation and strategic planning of governmental departments and regulatory agencies.

A life cycle-based comparison study of sludge recycling technology incorporating subjective and objective evaluations

Inadequate land capacity and low sludge recycling rates have become a major global environmental challenge. Low organic sludge content and inadequate waste management policy mean that there is an urgent need to improve sludge solutions in China, which has the world's largest WWT capacity. Decision-makers face difficulties in selecting sustainable sludge-to-resource technologies given the existence of multiple social, environmental and economic objectives, and also in optimizing the allocation of sludge between different available technologies. In this paper we used a combined analytic hierarchic process (AHP) and entropy weight (EW) method to evaluate four recycling technologies: aerobic composting (AC), dry-incineration (DI), hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) and pyrolysis (PY), in terms of five economic, environmental and land resource indicators. The results showed that human toxicity was viewed as the most important indicator, while economic value of sludge product was the least important. HTC had the best overall performance of the evaluated technologies while PY was the least attractive. However, all four sludge recycling technologies showed greater potential for reducing carbon emissions and human toxicity than landfilling when sludge dewatering was included. Sensitivity analysis showed that adjustments to AHP weights only had a limited impact on the technical ranking. Finally, the result was further verified by a particle swarm optimization algorithm. Considering capacity constraints, the optimal proportion of the four technologies was found to be 44.9%, 42.7%, 0 and 12.4% for HTC, DI, PY and AC respectively. The paper demonstrates the effectiveness of combining subjective and objective methods to evaluate multiple indicators, providing decision-makers with a practical analysis framework for waste technology selection.

Is It Possible to Establish an Economic Trend Correlating Territorial Assessment Indicators and Earth Observation? A Critical Analysis of the Pandemic Impact in an Italian Region

The paper is set within the methodological framework of the Territorial Impact Assessment (TIA) process, which is an instrument designed to facilitate sustainable and cohesive policy-making choices at the European level. The article is developed within the context of a European H2020-RICE cooperative project, which utilises the STeMA (Sustainable Territorial Economic/Environmental Management Approach) TIA methodology to investigate the potential relationship between statistical economic indicators, specifically Gross Domestic Product, and related parameters (metadata), and Earth Observation (EO) data. The objective is to provide evidence of socioeconomic trends during the Coronavirus 2019 pandemic in the Lazio Region (Italy), with a particular focus on the metropolitan area of the Rome capital city Rome. In line with the pertinent European context and the scientific literature on the subject, the paper examines the potential for combining classical and Earth observation indicators to assess macroeconomic dimensions of development, specifically in terms of gross domestic product (GDP). The results of the analysis indicate the presence of certain correlations between grey data and EO information. The STeMA-TIA approach allows for the measurement and correlation of both qualitative and quantitative statistical indicators with typological functional areas (in accordance with European Commission-EC and Committee of Ministers responsible for Spatial/Regional Planning—CEMAT guidance) at the NUTS (Nomenclature des unités territoriales statistiques) 2 and 3 levels. This facilitates the territorialisation of information, enabling the indirect comparison of data with satellite data and economic trends. A time series of data was gathered and organised for the purpose of facilitating comparison between different periods, beginning with 2019 and extending to the present day. In order to measure and monitor the evolution of the selected territorial economies (the Lazio Region), a synthetic index (or composite indicator) was developed in the economic and epidemic dimensions. This index combines single values of indicators according to a specific STeMA methodology. It is important to note that there are some critical observations to be made about the impact on GDP, due to the discrepancy between the indicators in the two fields of observation.

Comparative performance of cryptocurrencies through the Aumann–Serrano economic index of riskiness

Comparative performance of cryptocurrencies through the Aumann–Serrano economic index of riskiness

The influence of unconventional monetary policy tools: an euro area perspective

Purpose – This article aims to investigate the influence of unconventional monetary policy tools (UMPTs) employed by the European Central Bank (ECB) on the inflation rate and GDP growth rate within the euro area, motivated by the principles of the Taylor rule. Research methodology – Elastic net regression with ARIMA residuals was used to analyse the relationship between UMPTs and economic indicators, measured by adjusted R-squared. Six samples were constructed, and hypothesis testing was performed using moving block bootstrapping. Residual diagnostics were used for model validation. Findings – The study revealed significant impacts of UMPTs, particularly in combination with interest rates, on inflation rates. However, adjusted R-square values for GDP growth rate were less pronounced, indicating a more complex relationship. Research contributes to understanding the dynamics of monetary policy transmission mechanisms, informing policy institutions, and guiding future research directions. Research limitations – Limitations include the focus on the euro area and the absence of analysis in other major economies. Future research should address these limitations and incorporate additional variables for a more comprehensive analysis. Practical implications – The findings provide insight for policymakers regarding the efficacy of UMPTs in influencing inflation rates, aiding in informed decision-making in monetary policy formulation and implementation. Originality/Value – This study contributes novelty by comprehensively analysing the relationship between UMPTs and economic indicators within the euro area, providing valuable insight into monetary policy institutions, and guiding future research directions.

India's digital dividend: A strategic opportunity and challenge

India has been on a digital growth trajectory for a few years, prompted by its goal of becoming a trillion-dollar digital economy by 2025. The Indian digital revolution has resulted in a new wave of digital consumption and dividends. This manuscript examines the transformative journey of India's digital revolution, highlighting the strategic opportunities and challenges it encompasses. The Digital India initiative, a cornerstone government policy, has been instrumental in this transformative process, aiming to digitize various aspects of life and governance. Despite a significant increase in internet users and the successful launch of numerous digital projects, a substantial digital divide remains, characterized by disparities in mobile phone ownership, internet access, and digital literacy across different genders, geographical locations, and income groups. Using a qualitative research methodology, this study investigates the economic impact of digitalization on the Indian economy and identifies factors contributing to the digital divide. An extensive literature review and qualitative content analysis identified five primary themes: the digital profile of India, digitization and economic growth, digitalization and economic variables, digitalization across sectors, and the digital divide. These themes elucidate India's progress in digital literacy and financial inclusion, the economic advantages of digitalization, and the obstacles to achieving digital inclusivity. The manuscript proposes a developmental framework with recommendations for policymakers, business leaders, and other stakeholders to mitigate the digital divide and maximize the benefits of digital dividends. It underscores the necessity of a comprehensive digital strategy, the enhancement of digital infrastructure, the development of digital human resources, the promotion of digital literacy, and the fostering of digital entrepreneurial capacity.

Indian Economy from a Global Perspective

India, the world’s fifth-largest economy by nominal GDP, plays an increasingly important role in the global economic landscape. As one of the fastest-growing economies, India's contributions extend across industries such as information technology, pharmaceuticals, manufacturing, and services. This paper explores the Indian economy from a global perspective, examining its strengths, challenges, and the critical reforms needed to sustain growth. It delves into India’s trade relations, foreign direct investment (FDI), and the impact of global events on its economy, while also reflecting on how India contributes to the global economy in areas such as technology, innovation, and workforce participation

Economic Erosion: Examining Germany's Decline as a Business Destination

This study delves into the complex web of causes that have contributed to Germany's gradual decline as a sought-after business location. This scholarly work methodically examines a variety of internal and external variables shaping the country's economic environment, thus providing a comprehensive picture of the significant challenges currently faced by the German economy. The study methodically analyzes key variables such as labor market dynamics, regulatory frameworks, demographic changes and infrastructure improvements to uncover the root causes of this decline. The results of this research are of enormous importance for the formulation of strategic, precise policy initiatives aimed at revitalizing the German economy, strengthening its resilience and restoring its position as a global beacon for industry recruitment and retention. Using a strong mixed methods approach, this study leverage the synergy of primary data collected through surveys, interviews and case studies, and secondary data derived from government reports, academic publications and economic indicators. This multi-layered technology makes it easier to recognize observable patterns and develop concrete, realistic plans that will lead Germany to long-term economic development and prosperity. This research is a component of efforts to revitalize Germany's economic strength and restore its reputation as a leading commercial center, and provides useful information for policymakers, industry executives and academics alike. The comprehensive analysis presented in this study has far-reaching implications for the larger European economic environment and contributes to the global discourse on sustainable economic development and renewal

Solid Minerals as Alternate means of Nigeria’s Economy Recovery Using Artificial Intelligence

Nigeria is one of the nations blessed with vast number of mineral resources which can make its economy one of best in the world. However, very little attention is directed to this sector as the sector contributes less than 10% to the country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Therefore, this study evaluates the economic potentials of Nigeria mineral resources as means of liberating the country from its current economic woes. Data obtained from the existing company, internet sources, U.S. Geological Survey, Nigeria Geological Survey Agency among others were used to form the bases for the analyses. The economic indicators were first computed to determine the dependency of Nigeria mineral demands on the import and forecasting was also done using the moving average method and forecast command. The obtained import reliance and self-sufficiency indicated that Nigeria still depend largely on the importation to meet its mineral requirements and hence not self- sufficient. The Net Profit Value (NBP), Internal Rate of Return (IRR) and Payback Period (PBP) revealed that the minerals investigated are economically viable. To enhance the easy assessment of the NPV, artificial intelligence approach, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) was used to develop models for barite and iron ore. The model was validated, and the validation results are compared with the actual values. They were found to be very close to the actual NPV and can be used for the NPV predictions. Therefore, ANN model was transformed through the weights and biases to mathematical form. Hence, the study has revealed the dependency of Nigeria on import and the economic viability of the minerals in Nigeria.

FORMALISM OF PHENOMENOLOGICAL THEORY IN MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF ECONOMIC PROCESSES

Introduction: In contrast to neoclassical economics, where agents are rational, their actions are rational, and they strive for equilibrium, complex economics proposes to consider systems as evolving, complex, and not necessarily striving for equilibrium. The application of complex economics is particularly relevant in conditions of uncertainty and rapidly changing economic conditions. To develop the tools of complex economics, it is necessary to search for new mathematical approaches; a revolutionary approach in economics could be an approach based on the formalism of phenomenological theory. Methods: The formalism of phenomenological theory is used. Results: Four economic models are considered that can be built using the formalism of phenomenological theory. Using the example of analyzing changes in economic indicators caused by external factors such as magnetic storms, a modeling algorithm was implemented using phenomenological theory. Available data: No available data Discussion: The article shows that phenomenological formalism can be used in both traditional and more modern economic paradigms, expanding the boundaries of theoretical and applied analysis. Based on observed patterns and empirical data, phenomenological models allow us to study the macroscopic characteristics of economies without delving into microscopic details. As shown above, the formalism of phenomenological theory can be used both within the framework of neoclassical economics and complex economics. The phenomenological approach is universal and applicable in various areas of economic analysis, and the use of phenomenological theory allows us to take into account the elements of randomness and irrationality inherent in real economic processes, which is especially relevant for a complex economy.

Economic and environmental impacts of the shifts to electromobility in Spain: A multiregional input–output framework

AbstractThe decarbonization of transport is a key goal facing climate change. The electrification of the powertrain for passenger cars is part of this goal to reduce carbon emissions. This involves a big change in the global supply chain, specifically in countries with a high weight of the traditional automotive sector, such as Spain, where above 10% of the GDP comes from this industry. There is a forecasted shift from the sector of traditional automotive parts to the electric sector, where batteries and electric components will be the major part of the powertrain. This work evaluates socioeconomic and environmental impacts of the changes in the car industry from the ramp‐up of the electric vehicles market in Spain, and also in the European Union and the rest of the world. To do it, we use an environmentally extended multiregional and multi‐sectoral input–output model. Our simulations include the technological change and demand shifts estimated to achieve the penetration of electric vehicles up to 2030 and 2050. The results show significant impacts on employment and economic indicators by 2050, when the share of electric vehicles is expected to increase up to a relevant level.

Legal and Commercial Dynamics of E-Consumer Protection: Navigating Challenges in India's Digital Economy

India's digital economy has experienced rapid growth, significantly transforming consumer behavior and market practices. This expansion has underscored the critical need for robust e-consumer protection frameworks to address the rising incidents of fraud, data breaches, and unfair trade practices. This study delves into the legal and commercial dynamics influencing e-consumer protection in India, beginning with an exploration of the historical evolution of consumer protection laws. It analyzes key legislation such as the Consumer Protection Act, 2019, and the Information Technology Act, 2000, assessing their relevance and effectiveness in the digital age. The study also examines the commercial dynamics of India's e-commerce sector, focusing on various business models like B2C, C2C, and platform-based businesses, and their implications for consumer rights. Additionally, it identifies challenges such as enforcement issues, jurisdictional complexities in cross-border transactions, and the impact of technological advancements, including data privacy concerns and cybersecurity threats. A comparative analysis of international best practices, particularly from the EU and the USA, provides insights into global standards in e-consumer protection and how these can be adapted to the Indian context. The study concludes with policy recommendations aimed at strengthening existing legal frameworks, enhancing regulatory oversight, and encouraging self-regulation and ethical practices among e-commerce players. It also explores future trends and innovations that could further shape e-consumer protection in India. By addressing these challenges and proposing actionable solutions, the study offers a comprehensive understanding of the current state and future directions of e-consumer protection in India's evolving digital economy.

An Empirical Study on Indian Economy Over COVID-19 Pandemic

The infectious disease coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged as a human pathogen and contributed to a pandemic around the world. According to the reports released as of February 2021, around 103 million confirmed cases and 2,247,917 deaths are registered. The pandemic of COVID-19, or coronavirus, has exposed several global system vulnerabilities. Even after having all the abilities to handle hazards, the sudden outbreak of COVID-19 isolated every one of us from others. COVID-19 has caused the Indian economy to experience considerable disruption. The current pandemic of the coronavirus may lead to a permanent loss of 4 per cent of real Indian gross domestic product (GDP). Some key sectors such as tourism and aviation, telecommunication, automobiles and transport are negatively impacted. The other sectors such as e-learning, e-retail, logistics, pharmaceuticals and so on benefit from COVID-19. The present research is intended to study the positive and negative effects of COVID-19 in different industries, taking into account data of a secondary type. The survey also concludes with the initiatives, schemes and market effects for five important sectors using various relevant statistical instruments and techniques for analysis and conclusion.

The Rise of Fintech and How it Made India a Cashless Economy

This paper examines the rise of fintech and its impact on transforming India into a cashless economy. It highlights key drivers, such as the 2016 demonetization, that accelerated the adoption of digital payments, mobile wallets, and UPI. The study explores how fintech has improved financial inclusion in both urban and rural areas, focusing on Paytm as a case study. Despite fintech's success, challenges like financial illiteracy, data security risks, and fraud persist. The paper offers recommendations for enhancing financial literacy, improving data security, and expanding fintech adoption to sustain its growth and further boost India's digital economy.

Effect of Delay on Profitability of Building Construction Projects

In construction, delay could be defined as the time overrun either beyond completion date specified in a contract, or beyond the date that the parties agreed upon for delivery of a project. It is a project slipping over its planned schedule and is considered as common problem in construction projects. The Indian construction sector has acted as an engine of growth for the Indian economy for over the past five-decades and becoming a basic input for the socio-economic development of the country. Construction is the second largest economic activity after agriculture, and has contributed around 6 to 9% of India's GDP over the past five years while registering 8 to 10% growth per annum. This paper refers to study effect of delay in construction industry particularly in profitability or economic factors. Keywords: Construction, Delay, Profitability, GDP, Economic factor

The Influence of Economic Variables on Stock Prices of Telecommunications Companies

The general background fluctuation of stock prices is a critical concern for investors, particularly in dynamic economic environments where various indicators can significantly impact financial performance. The specific background of this study focuses on the telecommunications sector, which has been increasingly influenced by economic variables such as the Inflation Rate, SBI Interest Rate, Earnings Per Share, Rupiah Exchange Rate, and Company Fundamentals. Despite existing research, there is a knowledge gap regarding how these factors collectively influence stock prices in publicly listed telecommunications companies. This study aims to investigate the effects of these economic variables on stock prices from 2020 to 2023, utilizing a quantitative approach with secondary data obtained from annual financial reports of 16 companies. The results demonstrate that all examined variables—Inflation Rate, SBI Interest Rate, Earnings Per Share, Rupiah Exchange Rate, and Company Fundamentals—significantly affect stock prices. The novelty of this research lies in its comprehensive analysis of the interplay between these economic indicators specifically within the telecommunications sector. The implications of these findings suggest that investors and policymakers should consider these economic factors when making investment decisions, thereby enhancing their financial strategies and contributing to a more robust understanding of stock market dynamics in the telecommunications industry. Highlights: All examined economic variables significantly affect stock prices. The study analyzes data from 16 publicly listed telecommunications companies. Findings enhance investment strategies and understanding of market dynamics. Keywords: Inflation, Interest Rate, Earnings Per Share, Exchange Rate, Stock Price

The Relationship Between Sectoral Employment and Real Sector Economic Confidence: Fourier Causation Analysis

Purpose –In order to ensure economic growth in the short term and economic development in the long term, it is important to evaluate the events occurring in the political and economic order correctly and to meet the expectations. This study was created to evaluate the effectiveness of economic confidence on the relevant sectors on a sectoral basisDesign/Methodology/Approach –In this study, the relationship between the real sector economic confidence index and employment rates in industry, construction and services sectors will be analyzed. Turkey is selected as the sample and the data range subject to the analysis is determined as 2009:01-2023:08. In the study, the Fourier analysis method, which is among the new generation analysis methods, was applied, and Fractional Frequency Fourier Augmented Dickey Fuller Unit Root Test and Fourier Toda-Yamamoto Causality Test were applied.Findings –As a result of the application, a one-way causality relationship from the real sector economic confidence index to building and industry sector employment was determined. A recommendation should be made regarding the necessity of making political arrangements that will maintain the stability level of employment in the relevant sector.Discussion –In line with the data obtained in this study, the fact that real economic confidence has an effect on employment in the construction and industrial sectors, in addition to the fact that sectoral employment has no effect on the real economic confidence index, can be linked to the fact that sectoral leaders pursue a policy of contraction or expansion within the framework of expectations

The impacts of the intended transition of Pakistan from geo-politics to geo-economics

This research explores the implications of Pakistan's intended transition from geo-politics to geo-economics on its foreign policy, analysing the shift through the lens of neoliberalism. The study investigates the economic realignments, foreign policy strategies, and impacts on security and defence posture post-transition. Employing qualitative analysis of policy documents, trade agreements, and economic indicators, the research provides a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics at play. Key findings reveal that Pakistan's geo-economic reorientation has been driven by factors such as globalization, regional integration, and economic diplomacy. Pakistan pursued a more balanced foreign policy, seeking to expand its strategic interests through economic partnerships. Economic reforms have been central to this shift, including privatisation, investment facilitation, and trade liberalisation. However, the transition has also highlighted challenges such as uneven economic growth, dependence on foreign capital, and balancing economic objectives with security concerns. The research concludes that Pakistan's foreign policy has evolved from a traditional geopolitical focus to a more economically oriented approach. While the transition has presented opportunities for growth and development, it has also necessitated a reassessment of security strategies and balancing economic and political objectives. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for navigating the complex geopolitical landscape and achieving sustainable regional development.

FEATURES AND EXPERIENCE OF CONVERTING GAS-OIL BOILERS OF INDUSTRIAL CHP PLANTS TO BURNING BIOMASS AND SUB-BITUMINOUS COAL

The paper examines the features of biomass as a fuel and substantiates that for agrobiomass waste with a high content of alkali metal oxides and slag properties of ash, it is more appropriate to burn it in a dense bed in the form of pellets, which ensures a temperature at the exit from the furnace of no more than 900 °C, a low part of fly ash and low content of unburned carbon in it, and so eliminates the risk of smoldering deposits with their melting and slagging. Technical solutions are given and the experience is presented of gas and oil boilers of CHP plants of sugar factories reconstruction with their transfer to the burning of biomass and/or coal in a dense bed on a direct-flow grate with the replacement of the air heater with air-water heater, with the addition of stages of the boiling economizer to compensate for the decrease in the heat perception of the furnace screens, maintaining the overall height of the boiler and the plane of the boiler cell. The reconstruction of boilers according to the developed technical solutions is possible to perform in the interval between production seasons, its implementation on boilers BKZ-75 GMA of Radekhiv and Chortkiv sugar factories allowed to achieve acceptable technical, economic and environmental indicators and ensured payback due to the difference in commercial prices of gas and of agrobiomass pellets. It is proposed to replicate the positive experience in the creation of decentralized regulating thermal generation capacities of the country. Bibl. 30, Fig. 3, Tab. 4.

Comparative Dynamics of the Belt and Road Initiative: Unveiling the Unique Position and Implications of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor

The Belt and Road Initiative introduced by China is one of the biggest infrastructure and development projects striving to facilitate commercial exchanges and stimulate growth through construction, trade, and investment links across countries and continents. Under this grand framework, the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) arose as a significant and novel dimension of the deepening bilateral relationship between Beijing and Islamabad Meanwhile CPEC plays a strategic role as a critical artery that aims to redefine the regional dynamics. This article undertakes analytical research to disclose the position as well as consequences of CPEC among other projects comprising the BRI on a global scale. Through fine-grained analysis of the political, economic, and social dimensions of CPEC somehow positioned next to other BRI projects, this study can identify the uniqueness of CPEC at the level of its ambitions, challenges, and implications on both regional geopolitics and economic frameworks. The paper draws upon a combination of qualitative and quantitative data, comprising CPEC project results, bilateral agreements, and economic indicators, among others, to demonstrate how CPEC functions as a driving force towards economic transformation in Pakistan with associated implications for international trade corridors. Moreover, the research sheds light on the geopolitical strategies behind China’s investments and brings to the surface how CPEC is not only employed in economic affairs but rather military and geopolitical interests for China in South Asia as well. Such a comparative study assists in the process of knowing the multilayered nature of the BRI, and bringing forth those emerging insights on how projects like CPEC can form the structure of global economic and governance engagement of the 21st century.