Income In Order Research Articles

Career Planning Indicators of Successful TVET Entrepreneurs

The absence of career planning is closely linked to low income, severe work environments, lack of health facilities, low life expectancy, and unemployment risks. (1) Background: career planning is the basis of individual career development. The aim of this article is to identify the career planning indicators of high-income entrepreneurs who are graduates with a technical and vocational education and training [TVET] background. (2) Methods: this study, which used a modified Delphi technique, was conducted using two rounds of surveys among 10 TVET graduates and entrepreneurs with high incomes in order to obtain the career planning indicators on how they achieved a high income. All of them have a revenue of above RM 5000 a month, which is considered to be a high-income status according to Bank Negara Malaysia’s (BNM) Payment System and Financial Stability Report 2018. (3) Results: the findings have shown two indicators to get a high consensus, which are focus and self-efficacy in career. In fact, assigning a specific career objective and striving to achieve high salary are crucial and must be within entrepreneurs’ skillset (realistic). (4) Conclusions: the objective can be modified to imply the self-efficacy of the students in optimizing career plans that are suitable to the personality, beliefs, and the self-motivation of the entrepreneur.

Analysis of the Factors Affecting the Household Income of Ethnic Groups in VoNhai District, Thai Nguyen Province

Ethnic groups by households in Vo Nhai District often inhabit in rural areas with low income and their life is much more difficult. Therefore, it’s necessary to study on the factors affecting their income in order to find a solution to improve their income. This research has used Cobb – Douglass Production Function, applying Stata software to evaluate the factors affecting household income of minorities. By collecting information from 310 households living in Vo Nhai district, Thai Nguyen province, Vietnam, the result of analysis showed that age of householder, cost, number of inhabitants in the family, level of education of the householders, employees, assets, land areas, bank loans which have an impact on the household income of ethnic groups. The study proposed solutions to help poor households expand on their production, improve their income, and enhance their living.

Analysis of the Factors Affecting the Household Income of Ethnic Groups in Vonhai District, Thai Nguyen Province

Ethnic groups by households in Vo Nhai District often inhabit in rural areas with low income and their life is much more difficult. Therefore, it’s necessary to study on the factors affecting their income in order to find a solution to improve their income. This research has used Cobb – Douglass Production Function, applying Stata software to evaluate the factors affecting household income of minorities. By collecting information from 310 households living in Vo Nhai district, Thai Nguyen province, Vietnam, the result of analysis showed that age of householder, cost, number of inhabitants in the family, level of education of the householders, employees, assets, land areas, bank loans which have an impact on the household income of ethnic groups. The study proposed solutions to help poor households expand on their production, improve their income, and enhance their living.

Identify and Assess the Key Components Influencing Local Tax Returns in Asian Countries

Background: Taxes are regarded as an efficient tool for the country to regulate the macro-economy, which is primarily utilized to finance expenses, in addition to serving as the primary source of national net profit. Taxes are a significant source of income and a significant share of overall national net profit in emerging Southeast Asian (ASEAN) economies. Aim: The current research seeks to determine the key components influencing the tax return policy in all ASEAN nations during the existing time frame to suggest policy changes and suggestions that will assist in the growth of the political and economic system as a whole as well as the optimization of the tax return structure. Method: The research presented in this article includes panel data from ten nations from 2002 to 2020. The World Bank’s World Indicators are a source of information on tax returns, level of economic development (GDP), trade, foreign direct investment (FDI), agricultural value added (ARG), industrial sector value added (IND), education level, average lifespan, and infant death ratio. Results: The study results illustrate that five out of the eight above components positively affect tax returns. FDI, IND, SCHTER, and INFDEATH have no statistical significance. This implies that when all other factors are held constant, the total national tax return is unaffected by foreign direct investment, the industry share in the GDP, the degree of education, or the infant death ratio. Conclusion: Governments in ASEAN countries must take action to raise per capita income in order to raise tax returns. They should actively and adaptably use economic policy tools to closely and synchronously operate with financial measures. Keywords: ASEAN countries, tax return, economic growth, GDP, FDI, governmental policies

Economic data for management and their analysis: modern challenges and transformational changes

A strategically important part of the management of a business entity is objectively formed economic data on all levels of the enterprise's activity. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the principles of the formation of an optimal system of economic data for the process of analyzing the level of management and the possibilities of its improvement in a competitive environment. In the article, a study of the essence of accounting information was carried out, which made it possible to substantiate the indicators of the analysis of the management activity of the business entity. A sequence of steps for the formation of accounting information is proposed, which provide for the coverage of all levels of the enterprise's activity and its generalization in certain time intervals. A system of indicators for conducting management analysis has been formed, which are directly calculated on the basis of accounting information and relate to the internal environment of the business entity. In the future, external indicators can be used to improve the analysis and increase the level of adequacy of its results. The latter should be taken from the data of statistical collections. At the same time, it is appropriate to choose indicators that characterize the most significant factors influencing the level of development of the enterprise in a competitive environment. Economic data are offered for conducting an analysis of the management of a business entity, taking into account all levels of financial and economic activity. The work substantiates the need to introduce an ecological component into the process of assessing the level of management, which will allow rationalizing the distribution of the company's income in order to improve the environment. It is proposed to supplement the economic data regarding the assessment of the management of the economic entity with indicators that are individual for a specific economic entity and are established by its management. This approach will make it possible to carry out a more accurate assessment and develop effective measures for the development of the enterprise and increase the efficiency of its activities, including management. It will also make it possible to prevent crisis situations more quickly and ensure better stability of the company's development.

How to design an incentive mechanism of enterprises to farmers in contract farming considering reciprocity preference

<p style='text-indent:20px;'>In the process of contract fulfillment, more informed farmers may not work hard, which has seriously affected the sustainability of contract farming. An enterprise with reciprocity preference tends to make a contract that both improves farmers' welfare and brings enough profit to sustain its own operations, while a farmer with reciprocity will work hard in return for the enterprise's reward. In this paper, we develop a non-profit index principal-agent model between enterprises and farmers, assuming both have reciprocity preference, to investigate how to design an incentive mechanism in contract farming. We solve principal-agent problem with the assumption that farmers' expected certainty income premium (ECIP) is constant or farmers' ECIP is a function of enterprise payment difference (EPD). The results show that enterprises with reciprocity preference could establish an incentive mechanism according to following approaches: (a) When the enterprise is unable to afford extra rewards to farmers, each incentive coefficient should be determined according to the influence of the task on the order income. (b) When the enterprise can stimulate the farmers' planting enthusiasm by paying more extra rewards, he should pay promptly attention to the farmers who increase the effort degree firstly and give rewards to them.</p>

Economic Development of the Sectoral Complex of the Region

The priority direction of Russia's modern economic policy is the development of the non-primary sector. In this regard, it is necessary to create conditions for intersectoral interaction and redistribution of income in order to modernize and improve the industrial complexes in non-primary sectors of the economy. The article examines the actual problems of the development of the agrarian sectoral complex of the region in the context of the economic structure. There is a decrease in the share of production volumes by households and, at the same time, an increase in the share of individual farms. The study found a significant decrease in the quantitative indicators of the production of agricultural products (to the level of 1940), which indicates shortcomings in terms of managing the economy in the sectoral complex, the lack of its financial support and investment in this area. In our opinion, the problem is of a systemic nature and is caused by shortcomings in the elaboration of the economic policy of the state, which is a deterrent in the development of the sectoral complexes of the region. There is a slight increase in production volumes in quantitative terms, while the main growth in the gross output of the industry complex is caused by inflationary factors. There is also a change in the structure of production in the direction of increasing the output of livestock products and reducing the production of crop products.

DETERMINANTS OF CHANGES IN THE INCOME LEVEL OF MSME ACTORS IN PAHLAWAN VILLAGE, BATUBARA DISTRICT

This study aims to analyze how the income of MSME traders during the Covid-19 Pandemic is approximately what factors affect the income of MSME traders. This research was conducted using quantitative research methods using CFA (Confirmatory Factor Analysis) and Multiple Linear Regression. Data collection techniques in this study were in the form of interviews, questionnaires and documentation, and the data used were primary data. The results of the study using show that the factors that affect the income of MSME traders, namely the Old Business Factor (X1), Capital (X2), and the Use of Technology (X3) and Income (Y), of these three factors the Old Business Variable does not have a significant effect on the income of MSME traders shown by the Sig. X1 to Y is 0.284 > 0.05 and t count 1.083 < t table 2.006 so it can be concluded that H1 is rejected which means there is no effect of Business Length (X1) on MSME Merchant Income (Y ), furthermore, the Capital Variable has a significant effect on the income of MSME traders which is indicated by the Sig. X2 to Y is 0.004 < 0.05 and t count 3,051> t table 2,006 so it can be concluded that H2 is accepted which means that there is an influence of Capital (X2) on Income (Y) and also Variables The use of Technology has a significant effect on the income of MSME traders as indicated by the value of Sig. X3 to Income (Y) is 0.029 < 0.05 and t count 2,240 > t table 2.006 so it can be concluded that H3 is accepted which means that there is an effect of Technology Use (X3) on Income (Y). The conclusion is that the Business Duration does not have a significant effect on the income of MSME traders, while capital and the use of technology have a significant effect on the income of MSME traders. Traders should pay more attention to factors that affect income in order to increase the income of MSME traders.
 

Krisis van die dagbladpers

The daily press in several Western Coun- tries is subjected to certain market, psycho- logical and economic inspired changes that threaten its very existence. This study at. tempts to analyse the crisis facing the present daily press, with a more pertinent emphasis on the daily press in South Afri- ca. From a survey of the literature and pilot Interviews, several factors were identified as having a profound influence on the daily press in Western countries. A qualitative questionnaire was constructed to assess the extent to which these factors contribute to the crisis facing the daily press in South Africa. The outcome of this investigation in- dicates that the daily press in South Africa should reconsider their functions, content and sources of income in order to adapt to the fast changing needs of the media mar- ket, the advertiser and the reader.

Osmanlı Maliye Sisteminde Hınzır Vergisi

Bu çalışma Osmanlı maliyesinde uygulanmış olan hınzır vergisinin tahsil edilmesinin dayanakları ve verginin uygulanması esnasında tecrübe edilen olayları arşiv belgeleri vasıtasıyla incelemektedir. Hınzırın beslenmesi, ticaretinin yapılması ve tüketilmesi Müslümanlara yasak olmasına karşın, Osmanlı idaresi altında gayrimüslimlerin de yaşamasından ötürü gayrimüslimler tarafından beslenen ve ticareti yapılan hınzırlar üzerinden vergi alınmıştır. Ayrıca literatürde yaygın olarak bilinen hınzır vergisine ilaveten, Osmanlı maliye sisteminde hınzır üzerinden örneğin resm-i bojik gibi farklı vergiler de alınmıştır. Osmanlı tarihi açısından hınzır vergisi, genel itibariyle sembolik bir anlam taşımıştır. Ancak 19. yüzyılın sonlarına doğru, Osmanlı Devleti’nin içinde bulunduğu zorlu iktisadi koşullardan ötürü hınzır vergisi, bütçe açığını kısmen de olsa kapatmak maksadıyla bir gelir kaynağı olarak görülmüştür.

The implementation of ESEF requirements by companies of the sWIG80

Purpose: The article presents the results of research on the implementation of the Eu-ropean Single Electronic Format (ESEF) by companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange's (WSE) sWIG80. Methodology/approach: The research was based on the analysis of financial state-ments of companies listed on the WSE in terms of:  changes in the presentation of items in the statement of financial position (balance sheet) and the statement of comprehensive income in order to adjust them to the model structure of the ESEF (core taxonomy),  the degree of use of extensions that allow tags to be adapted to the specifics of the company. The analysis concerned consolidated financial statements published between January 1, 2021 and April 30, 2022, in which the companies implemented the ESEF requirements for the first time. The basis for the formulation of the research hypothesis was the neo-institutional theory. Findings: The study verified the research hypothesis that listed companies included in the sWIG80 tried to adjust the presentation of data in financial statements to the core taxonomy more than they applied extensions and extension taxonomy. Research limitations/implications: The results concern only companies included in the sWIG80 as of December 31, 2021. Therefore, extending the findings to the entire population of companies listed on the WSE is unjustified. Originality/value: The research is the first empirical study of this type in Poland conducted in relation to smaller companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. There-fore, they illustrate the behavior of entities in the context of financial data reporting obligations under the ESEF format.

Dampak Wisata Taman Ghanjaran Terhadap Pendapatan Masyarakat Desa Ketapanrame Kabupaten Mojokerto


 
 
 
 Economics is a field of study on the management of individual, community and state material resources to improve the welfare of human life. Meanwhile, community income is the receipt of remuneration or salary from business results obtained by individuals or groups of households within a certain period of time. For Indonesia, the tourism sector plays an important role in the national economy, both as a source of foreign exchange earners and as a creator of employment and business opportunities. In addition, tourism also has a very important role in development, namely encouraging regional development, increasing national income in order to improve the welfare and prosperity of the people and fostering a sense of love for the homeland, enriching national culture and strengthening its development in order to strengthen national identity and strengthen friendship between nations. This type of research is descriptive quantitative research. The data used in this study were interviews and questionnaires. The sample used was 52 respondents. The research method used to measure income before and after is using the Paired Sample t-Test difference test.The influence of tourism on the income of the people of the village of Ketapanrame shows significant results. The results showed that the influence of Ghanjran Park tourism on increasing people's income was quite effective. This means that there is an increase in people's income after the Ghanjaran park tour than before the Ghanjaran park tour.
 
 
 
 

Analysis of the Welfare Level of Gillnet Fisherman in the Nusantara Fishery Port Palabuhanratu, Sukabumi

The condition of natural resources, especially in the field of fisheries, which is very abundant, does not guarantee the economic life of the community is prosperous. This is supported by previous research that discusses the problems of the economic life of the fishing community in Palabuhanratu which is still below the poverty line, especially traditional fishermen and laborers. This study aims to analyze the welfare level of gillnets Fisherman in the Nusantara Fisheries Port, Palabuhanratu, Sukabumi. This research was conducted from Februari 2022 to June 2022. The method used is a descriptive method with a case study approach. Welfare level is analyzed using qualititative data and primary data that is scored on welfare indicators according to the modified Central Statistics Agency (2015). Data collection using questionnaires and documentation techniques. The sampling technique used in this research is the census. Technique census sampling is using the entire population to be used with total of 24 respondents. The results showed that the average score of the welfare level of drift gillnet fishermen in Palabuhanratu, Sukabumi was 2.27, which means that it belongs to the moderate level of welfare. The most influential factor in the level of fishermen's welfare is income. The income of fishermen is not stable due to the uncertain number of catches, extreme weather, irrelevant fishing gear and fishermen still relying on ship owners. Fishermen must have a side income in order to increase income to fulfill their daily needs. Besides that, there needs to be a government institution that is able to fight for fishermen in obtaining capital and reactivate existing cooperatives.

Causality Between Urbanization and Economic Growth: Evidence From the Indian States

There is an abundance of studies on the urban-rural dichotomy. In the mainstream economic and regional science literature, the urban centers have usually been described as growth machines, growth poles, or growth foci, and urbanization as a driver of economic growth. It is commonly assumed that the assemblage of factors of production in urban centers will create economies of scale, and that economic growth will trickle down from these centers to the periphery. Most of these studies hypothesize a mono-directional causal relationship between urbanization and economic growth. However, there are ample possibilities of reverse causalities in regions where the propulsive powers of urban centers are weaker and where social overhead capital (SOC) is not adequately developed in non-urban regions. In this situation, even minor economic changes in non-urban economies will cause the growth of the urban population. The present paper attempts to examine the relationship between urbanization and economic growth in India at the state level during 1971–2020 by employing a bootstrap panel Granger causality test. It is found that in India the majority of the states display a unidirectional Granger causality from economic growth to urbanization. This finding indicates not only a lower propulsive power of urban centers, but also an unbalanced development of SOC between urban centers and rural areas, hence causing a migration of people to cities with a rise in their income in order to take advantage of the urban facilities.

Penerimaan Pajak Rumah Kos di Kota Pekanbaru saat Pandemi Covid-19

Boarding houses are one of the fastest growing forms of business in the city of Pekanbaru, where boarding houses are one of the fastest growing businesses and have an impact on local tax revenues. The boarding house tax contributes to regional income in order to increase the Pekanbaru city's regional budget with a tax rate of 2.5%. This study aims to see the impact of taxation on boarding houses during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach. data were obtained from 15 informants with the criteria of having a boarding house with more than 10 rooms. This research was conducted by observing and interviewing the owners of the boarding house in order to find out the understanding of the obligations of business owners to their business taxes. The results of the study show that boarding house owners in 2020-2021 cannot pay their tax obligations as usual due to the pandemic, boarding houses have a very strong impact, tenants who are usually workers and students do not use boarding houses during the pandemic. In addition, regional tax revenues have also decreased in almost all tax objects, seen from boarding house taxation, income has decreased significantly so that regional budgets are also affected due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

CLIMATE CHANGE ADOPTION STRATEGIES BY ARABLE CROP FARMERS IN ETHIOPE EAST LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF DELTA STATE, NIGERIA: A MULTIVARIATE PROBIT APPROACH

<p><strong>Background:</strong> The seasonality of most agricultural activities and restricted utilization of inputs in Africa, make it particularly helpless against weather or climate related difficulties across the different phases of the production cycle. <strong>Objective:</strong> This study focused on climate change adoption strategies by arable crop farmers in Ethiope East Local Government Area of Delta State, Nigeria. <strong>Methodology:</strong> A total of one hundred and twenty (120) respondents were used for the study. Data analysis was achieved using descriptive statistics and multivariate probit (MVP) model. <strong>Results: </strong>The study revealed that the average age of the arable crop farmers was 40 years. An average income of ₦28,000 per month was earned by the arable crop farmers. The result on the various climate change adaptation strategies reveals that income diversification (85.0%) was the most utilized adaptation strategy. The result from the multivariate probit regression analysis revealed that age, farm income and extension visits have a significant impact on choice of climate change adaptation method. <strong>Implication:</strong> Households with diversified streams of income have greater chances of adopting climate change adaptation strategies because of their ability to afford them. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>An increase in age, farm income and extension visits have a significant impact on choice of climate change adaptation methods in the study area. It is therefore recommended that farmers in the study area need to expand their source of income in order to form backup savings to invest on adaptation infrastructure.</p>

Analisis Pola Hubungan Konsultatif Pada Pengelolaan Pendapatan Asli Daerah Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara Tahun Anggaran 2017-2019

How decentralisation build-up a sustainable local government? This study aims to determine the regional financial independence of Southeast Sulawesi Province for the 2017-2019 fiscal year. The type of data used in this research is quantitative data and qualitative data, the data source is secondary data from time series for the last five years (2017-2019). The data collection technique in this study was carried out by means of documentation. The analytical method used is descriptive analysis method.The results in this study indicate that the Southeast Sulawesi provincial government from 2015 to 2019 still has low regional financial independence where the percentage of the regional financial independence ratio is still between 25-50%, this shows that the government Southeast Sulawesi province still has a pattern of consultative relations with the central government, in which the central government has begun to reduce interference, because the regions are considered to be slightly more capable of implementing autonomy. According to Agency theory that Central Government as the principal while local government as the agent, the principal role has responsibility to support and accommodate the good governance.This is due to the fact that the Local-owned Source Income at the lower level than the amount of assistance from the central government, which is caused by the lack of revenue from the sources of regional original income for the province of Southeast Sulawesi. Southeast Sulawesi Province also still has sufficient capacity in implementing decentralization where the percentage ratio of the degree of decentralization shows an average figure above 20%, which is 23.1%. In this case, South East Sulawesi is a developing province which still have to induce the income in order to support the budgetary provincial government. This study contributes to develop the study of good governance government implementation in Indonesia.Keywords: Local owned-source revenue, Degree of Decentralization, Agency Theory, Good Governance

Nexus Between Economic Efficiency, Healthcare, and Environmental Expenditures: A Perspective of BRI Countries.

Public health and the environment are the most essential pillars, and play a vital role in the economy. In order to better public health, the economic and environmental atmosphere must be stable and clean, respectively. Thus, this paper emphasizes on nexus between economic, public health, and the environment. Therefore, the objective of this paper is whether healthcare and environmental expenditures affect economic efficiency and vice versa. So, this study evaluates the performance of the country's economic efficiency and investigates the effect of healthcare and environmental expenditures for 62 Belt and Road Initiative countries for the period from 1996 to 2020. Suitable input-output variables are employed under the framework of DEA-window and Malmquist Index Productivity, and Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA). In addition, this study estimates the relationship between economic efficiency, healthcare, and environmental expenditures by fixed and random effects models. Therefore, the analytical outcomes reveal that countries are economically efficient. On the contrary, SFA estimation concludes that countries are found to be inefficient, because higher variation is exists in efficiency change compared to technological efficiency change and total factor productivity change on average. In addition, it is worth notable that healthcare and environmental expenditures improve the country's economic efficiency. Furthermore, public health is also influenced by economic efficiency. Thus, this study suggests that countries should better utilize given resources and invest a specific portion of national income in order to improve economic efficiency.

OPTIMIZATION OF DEMAND FOR LEADING SMI PRODUCTS IN PACITAN DISTRICT

Empowerment of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises as defined in Republic Act No. 20 Year 2008 About the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises need to be conducted in a thorough, optimal, and sustainable through the development of a climate that is conducive, giving the opportunity seeks, support, protection, and development business as wide as possible, so as to be able to improve the position, role, and potential of the business Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in realizing economic growth ,equity and increasing people's income , creating job opportunities , and alleviating poverty. The principle of empowering Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises as mandated by Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 20 of 2008 is: a. Growing independence, togetherness, and entrepreneurship for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises to work on their own initiative; b. The realization of transparent, accountable and fair public policies ; c. Regional potential -based and market- oriented business development in accordance with the competencies of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises; d. Increased power competitiveness Enterprises Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises; and e. Implementation of planning, implementation, and control in an integrated manner. The crucial issue is that not only SMEs in Pacitan Regency are able to produce superior products, but what is more important is how superior products can be marketed effectively and efficiently so that on a macro level it encourages regional economic growth and on a micro scale it encourages an increase in the income of IKM business actors. On this basis, a rational study based on existing regulations is needed to determine a marketing strategy fordeveloping superior products in the Pacitan Regency area . Based on the identification of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, it shows that: strengths and opportunities have a larger portion when compared to threats and weaknesses, even though weaknesses and threats have a smaller portion but should not be ignored, so the Department of Trade and Industry must be able to optimize development superior products as a support for income in order to improve the welfare of the community.

External Economic Fluctuations and Domestic Savings: A Study of Selected Oil Countries

The oil-producing countries generally suffer from a disturbance in the level of domestic savings, arising from the instability of incomes linked to oil revenues. Therefore, this study aimed to know the impact of external economic fluctuations on the level of domestic savings, and five oil-producing countries were selected for the period (2005-2017). Problem statement is The Study problem lies in the following question: Is saving able to finance economies in oil countries, in light of external shocks?). Study hypothesis (The multiplicity of external shocks cracks domestic savings, as well as their fragility in oil countries in general, which is negatively reflected in the sustainability of savings in generating investment and production in the oil economies.). The study concluded that the low level of domestic saving against economic fluctuations makes the country weak in adjusting the economic environment to absorb the impact of economic fluctuations. The study recommended building domestic savings and stabilizing incomes in order to strengthen the channels of financing the national economy.