Implementation Of Social Programs Research Articles

La vulnerabilidad social en Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, México. Herramientas para el diseño de una política social

The objective of this paper is to identify areas of high social vulnerability in Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua, in 2010. The methodology consists in the elaboration of an index of social vulnerability through the use of principle characteristics, exploratory analysis of spatial data and the creation of a spatial regression model. Variables were developed based on information from the XIII general population and housing census conducted in 2010 and subdivided according to geostatistical areas (AGEB). The results show the presence of highly vulnerable social groups (high-high) around the central and northwest areas of the city, with sociodemographic variables acting as the main drivers for vulnerability. These findings may serve as a powerful tool for the generation of public policies as it identifies highly vulnerable areas, thus enabling the proper implementation of social programs.

ПОДДЕРЖКА ПРИНЯТИЯ РЕШЕНИЙ ПРИ УПРАВЛЕНИИ ПРОЦЕССОМ РЕОРГАНИЗАЦИИ СОЦИАЛЬНЫХ ИНСТИТУТОВ РЕСПУБЛИКИ БАНГЛАДЕШ

The paper deals with the problem of managing the process of reorganizing the social institutions in the People’s Republic of Bangladesh and with possible solutions through the use of decision support methods. This problem arose as a result of the implementation of social programs aimed at increasing the social institution effectiveness on the basis of autonomy of social institutions from the state subsidies. To formalize the system of social institutions, a graph representation is proposed. The project of the theoretical foundations of decision support in managing the reorganization of social institutions is presented by the method that uses the comparison of alternatives. The control actions are formed decisions taken on changing the current structure of social institutions aimed at maximizing the utility function value. Using the method of managerial choice on the modification of available network at the cost of adding the new social institution has been demonstrated by the example of the a managerial decision problem including a new social institution “hospital”. There have been singled out the groups of criteria which are used to estimate the alternatives. To increase the quality of decision making there has been applied a second assessment of generalized criteria, analyzed the nature of hierarchical structure of the network and a geographic situation of the new node.

ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ СІМ’Ї В УМОВАХ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ СОЦІАЛЬНОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ

The article discusses the certain aspects of the state of modern Ukrainian family and provides the relevant statistical indicators of this scientific issue. The article touches upon the problem of the family, as the main pillar of the socio-political transformations. The main goal and the most important tasks of social policy in the field of family relations are defined. The analysis of a scientific problem is carried out, namely what is the essence of an integrated approach to solving problems of comprehensive harmonious development of the family within the framework of the social policy of Ukraine The analysis of the theoretical work of domestic and foreign experts, which shows that in the context of the study, in order to build an effective state policy aimed at supporting the family, it is necessary to understand its problems and needs. You can also note the priority of this issue in the modernization of the social policy of Ukraine. The family in Ukraine is a union between a man and a woman. In Ukraine, at the level of mass consciousness, there is a change in attitude towards an officially registered marriage, which is losing its position as an obligatory and the only form of living together. The trend of the last decades in the family-marriage sphere has been the proliferation of non-traditional families, alternative forms of family-marriage relations and, above all, unregistered cohabitations and maternal families. At the same time, incomplete families led by the father are increasingly common. The situation of families is enhanced by socio-psychological, socio-medical, pedagogical, gender, economic, domestic and other problems. Unfortunately, funding programs for family policy is not sufficient. It should be noted that the restoration of the constructive social functioning of families in the socio-cultural situation of Ukraine is possible when changing approaches to the development and implementation of social programs of family policy. The trends in the marriage and family sphere that exist at the present stage of development of Ukrainian society make the family the object of close attention not only of specialists in the field of family research and family studies, but also of state social policy.

The second Brazilian migration wave: The impact of Brazil’s economic and social changes on current migration to the UK.

This article explores the effects of Brazil’s recent economic growth and the narrowing of the inequality gap on the second Brazilian migration wave to the UK over the last two decades. Migration-related research has emphatically argued that this ongoing international mobility results from transnational networks developed by pioneers who encouraged fellow citizens to travel. Although this paper considers social networks as an important factor shaping the movement of Brazilians abroad, we propose to debate contemporary Brazilian migration by shedding light on the national socio-economic policies implemented since the late 1990s. Thus, through a rigorous literature review of Brazilian transnational migration studies and multi-sited ethnography in Brazil and London, we focus particularly on how the opening up of the Brazilian economy to international capital flow, and the implementation of social programmes followed by the enlargement of its domestic consumer market, helps to explain the current increase and diversification of Brazilians abroad.

Механізм забезпечення ефективності виконання програм соціального захисту населення регіону

Досліджено сучасні підходи до реалізації регіональної соціальної політики. Акцентовано увагу на важливості програм соціального захисту населення при реалізації регіональної політики у соціальній сфері. Розроблено механізм забезпечення ефективності виконання програм соціального захисту населення, який охоплює основні напрями соціального захисту населення в регіоні.

A invenção da infância

Na comunidade de Feira Nova, um pequeno povoado rural, pertencente à cidade de Orobó, no Agreste pernambucano, Nordeste do Brasil, há um ideal de infância que se encontra relacionado ao não trabalho, à escolarização e à ludicidade. Contudo, essa compreensão de infância não foi vivenciada pelas gerações de avós e mães das crianças da geração contemporânea. Essa negação está, sobretudo, assentada na necessidade que lhes foi imposta pelo trabalho precoce e pela ausência total ou parcial de escolarização. Diferente das predecessoras, a geração atual de crianças encontra-se determinantemente marcada pela escolarização e largamente ausente do trabalho infantil, o que vem configurando uma importante mudança na forma em que a infância é vivenciada nesse contexto. O presente texto refletirá sobre essas mudanças que reverberam em uma maior atenção para as crianças no meio rural e surgem a partir de um processo de institucionalização da infância. Esse processo ganha força a partir da implementação e efetivação de programas sociais de transferência condicionada de renda, a exemplo do Programa Bolsa Família, que nesse contexto vem mudando, entre outras coisas, o lugar de socialização das crianças rurais e as marcas geracionais da infância.

Incomplete Universalization? Peruvian Social Policy Reform, Universalism, and Gendered Outcomes

This article analyzes Peruvian social reforms of the early 2000s, in relation to the stated goal of increasing universality as well as to their gendered impacts. It argues that three principal limitations inhibited the move to universality and did little to promote gender equality. First, the quality of public service is weak and this has had a particularly adverse impact on women. Second, the reforms have not limited the historical fragmentation of the Peruvian social policy architecture. Finally, social program implementation is still coercive, limiting the reinforcement of social rights based on citizenship for women.

Improvement of tax policy of territorial communities in the context of budget decentralization

The object of research is the process of improving tax policy at the level of territorial communities, taking into account the specifics of fiscal decentralization. One of the most problematic places is the redistribution of tax revenues between levels of the budget system. The existing division doesn’t contribute to stimulating local governments to mobilize and search for sources to increase their own economic resources for the implementation of social programs and increase the investment activity of the territorial community. Improving tax policy is associated with the need to increase the level of fiscal independence of local governments. The analysis of the current state of revenues of state and local budgets in terms of the formation of the corporate income tax, as well as financial results and the level of profitability of operating activities by types of industrial activity of enterprises is carried out. Based on the extrapolation method, a forecast of the amount of the corporate income tax is made. The structure of the redistribution of corporate income tax between the levels of the budget system is determined. The introduction of the structure of the redistribution of corporate income tax between the levels of the budget system is hampered by the lack of a systematic decentralization process. A systematic approach, methods of analysis and synthesis, and an extrapolation method to predict the amount of tax on corporate profits are used. The main directions of improving tax policy at the level of territorial communities in the context of fiscal decentralization are identified. This ensures the possibility of increasing the investment activity of enterprises located within a certain territorial community. Compared with the existing structure of the distribution of corporate income tax between the levels of the budget system, the proposed approach allows to provide incentives for local authorities to search for sources of enhancing their own economic resources to implement social programs. As well as increasing the investment activity of the territorial community.

Strategic Advantages of an Active Social Program

Under the conditions of the formation of information society new theoretical approaches are formed, a new model of active, dynamic self-improving social programs is developed. These social programs are capable of active self-improvement and adjustment to the dynamically changing conditions of social life. In addition to the fact that under the new conditions the real need of orientation of the social programs towards solution to the problems of intellectual educational development increases, the characteristics of health and physical development do not lose their social significance. Today, public health is a real indicator of a country’s wealth, a reflection of the quality of life and the level of development of human resources. The state of health is directly related to the income per capita and the maintenance of the healthcare system. In market conditions, the modern social programs have many manifestations. In turn, they have specific principles, methods, technologies for identifying and reaching social goals, ways and means of development of human resources. The general trend in the development and implementation of social programs for human resource development is the fact that their preponderant target orientation is related to solving the problem of the health and physical development of the population, the intellectual and educational development of human resources. The implementation of the social programs under the conditions of the modern market system requires not only a deep knowledge and understanding of its nature and essence, but also creative skills when using the specific forms of the given method of social control. And that means to develop and implement detailed technological procedures for the creation of social programs and their implementation in accordance with the principles of systematic social management

SOCIAL PROGRAMMING AS AN ALTERNATIVE IN FRONT OF SMALL BUSINESS OR SMALL BUSINESS A CHALLENGE TO SOCIAL PROGRAMMING

The exhibition is related to the review and analysis for the last years of the development of two vital ideas for the Bulgarian society - small business and social programming. The increasing capacity of social programming and the proven viability of small businesses create conditions, even in crisis situations, for successful ideas to generate many tangible and intangible goods that society needs for its existence and perfection. The symbiosis of these two socio-economic phenomena forms the conditions in which a number of initiatives find way for realization. Indeed, in the established economic situation, a number of sectors continue to exist precisely through the presence of small business entities who successfully and actively participate in the implementation of social programs and declare their expectations for the structuring of program frameworks.

METHODOLOGICAL BASES OF IMPLEMENTATION DIFFERENT PROPERTY FORMS ON NATURAL RECREATIONAL RESOURCES

It is defined the essence of the ownership forms on natural recreational resources as a certain level of the subject's independence in the management and organization of appropriation of natural reactionary objects and the level of access restriction other entities to management and appropriation of income and losses from recreational nature management. The methodological approach to determining the ownership forms on recreational natural resources concludes that the land acts as a spatial basis for the allocation of all natural resources, including recreational ones, therefore the forms of ownership of recreational resources are mainly determined by the forms of ownership of land objects; through the ownership on land, economic relations of ownership of recreational natural resources are manifested. Justified socio-economic and environmental preconditions for the variety ownership forms formation on natural resources such as the lack of objective conformity of the productive forces in the economics of environmental to the economic relations of state ownership of natural reactionary resources; the contradiction of economic interests between the property on the main means of production and the natural factors of production at enterprises of the recreational sphere; lack of necessary material and financial resources for rational recreational use of the state: protection of degraded natural recreational resources, introduction of potential recreational resources into economic circulation; implementation of social programs for the improvement of human rights; creation of new jobs and general growth of macroeconomic indicators and others. The principles of determining the concrete form of ownership for a particular natural recreational resource, among which the main are minimization of the loss from use, maximization of the received income; optimization of material and financial resources in the process of use, protection, restoration and reproduction are considered. The main criteria for changing the forms and subjects of natural resources ownership are distinguished: the marginal cost of maintaining, using, introducing the natural recreational resource into economic circulation is higher than the marginal economic and ecological income obtained from the usage and introduction the natural resource into economic turnover; the marginal cost of maintaining, using, introducing a natural resource into economic circulation is higher than the marginal socio-ecological results of state investment in other areas of the national economy (education, health care, culture, etc.) is higher than that of a given natural resource; alternative ownership improves economic and environmental parameters of natural resources and so on.

Methods of implementation of social programs for cultural heritage development with the involvement of student designers

The article is dedicated to implementation of methodology of social programs for the conservation of cultural heritage. A social program on the preservation, enumeration and promotion of cultural heritage through restoration of the nation’s historical memory and identity, which involve the general public is offered. In order to improve the cultural heritage conservation and restoration processes, the concept analyses the possibility of raising awareness about the importance of cultural heritage preservation to encourage the general public to par­ticipate in this effort. Actuality of the topic is confirmed by the current political situa­tion in the conditions of an armed conflict with Russia, as a result of which a part of Ukraine’s cultural heritage is now in the Russian–an­nexed Crimea and another part is in danger of destruction as a re­sult of continuing hostilities. However, the problem of preservation of cultural heritage is even more relevant now than ever.

THE INFLUENCE OF INSTITUTIONS OF A CIVIL SOCIETY ON ETHNOPOLITICAL PROCESSES DURING THE SYSTEMIC TRANSFORMATION OF RUSSIAN SOCIETIES (On the materials of Kabardino-Balkariya and Karachaevo-Circassia)

The author of the article considers the process of formation and development of civil society institutions in Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay-Cherkessia and their influence on ethno-political processes at various stages of modernization reforms in the post-Soviet Russia, analyzes the formation of regulatory and legal framework of non-commercial organization, the stages of development and the structure of civil society institutions in Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay-Cherkessia. The article covers activity of public authorities, local government and social associations of the republics during the period of growth of centrifugal tendencies in the North Caucasus. The author analyzes attempts to realize various forms of self-determination, to conduct administrative and territorial transformations and considers the factors that negatively affect the ethno-political situation in the region. The author of the article presents the activity of republican institutions of civil society: public chambers, cultural and national centers and associations, youth and religious organizations, mass media, and studies the experience of public chambers in holding meetings where topical issues of socio-economic and public life of the republics were discussed, including those aimed at strengthening of ethno-political stability in the region. An effective form of taking into account the public opinion while developing management decisions is the participation of the Public Chamber in conducting public expertise of draft federal and regional laws. Special mention should be made of the activities of the Public Chamber for prevention of religious extremism. The work on generalization of the activities of religious associations for implementation of social programs and projects aimed at increasing the level of culture of interconfessional and interethnic tolerance among young people is to solve this problem. At the same time, there are some factors that impede the development of civil society institutions in the region. First of all, it is low social activity of citizens and the absence of principled civic position on a number of crucial issues. In conclusion, the author determines main perspective directions of the development of civil society institutions in the region.

СОЦИАЛЬНАЯ ПОЛИТИКА В РЕГИОНЕ: НЕКОТОРЫЕ ТЕНДЕНЦИИ И ПРОБЛЕМЫ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ КЕМЕРОВСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ).

The article is devoted to the analysis of modern trends and problems of implementing social policy in the Kemerovo Region. But their description is preceded by the substantiation of the importance of social policy for normal functioning of the society and some of its conceptual aspects: the interpretation of social policy, its subjects and levels. The paper also features the regional experience of social support for different population groups and the implementation of social programs. To assess the effectiveness of the social policy, a statistical analysis of the indicators of the social living standards, public health, accommodation, as well as education and culture has been carried out. Such aspects as the increase in poverty incidence and the high level of morbidity of the regional inhabitants are named as the most problematic ones. However, the high pace of real estate development has made it possible, in recent years, to significantly reduce the proportion of the people who need better housing conditions. In conclusion, it is deduced that social policy should remain the most important component of the state policy in general and the central task of regional authorities, especially if the territorial community is in difficult socio-economic conditions.

РЕАЛИЗАЦИЯ ПРОГРАММ ТРАНСПОРТНОГО РАЗВИТИЯ БРЯНСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

One of the important factors limiting social and economic development of Russia is considered to be the state and efficient functioning of transport and logistic infrastructure. 
 The creation of a modern road and transport net-work is one of the factors providing sustainable eco-nomic growth, implementation of social programs and, eventually, improvement of the quality of human life. 
 Interaction of financial state interests and private business through mechanisms of state-private partner-ship has to become the main objective of modern Rus-sian state policy in favor of intensification process of capital investments increase in transport infrastructure.
 The use of such mechanism will allow carrying 
 out projects which the state and business cannot im-plement alone. It will help to reduce social problems, will become the driving force of Russian economy, will promote the establishment of the international financial center in the Russian Federation.
 The purpose of the study is to research compre-hensively the existing funding mechanism and distribu-tion of budget funds for creating transport infrastruc-ture with economic substantiation possibility of attract-ing and using non-budgetary sources.

Social Policies on Labor Market as Theory and Practice in Bulgaria

Current paper presents challenges to development of labor market and social policies in transition periods through the example the transition from planned to market economy in the Republic of Bulgaria. Some important implications are made about passive and active social programs as a whole and in particular about advantages and disadvantages of national social programs targeted to overcoming social marginalization. The specific example of the National program “From social support to employment” is discussed as a good practice in the attempts to conduct an active social policy addressing to some extent education and qualification problems and providing useful recommendations for future development of social policies in the country, organization and implementation of social programs and measures on different levels and assessments of their effectiveness.

Coordinating social programmes: Analysis of scenarios and implementation approaches based on the ISSA Guidelines on ICT

AbstractThe development of social security policies and programmes raises the need for their coordination to enhance effectiveness as well as to prevent the fragmentation of social policies, programmes and services. Although there are expected benefits, implementing coordinated programmes poses significant technical challenges, which increase the complexities and costs of projects and hinder the achievement of such initiatives. Some of the main difficulties are related to system and information integration (Interoperability) as well as the ability to enforce data security and privacy regulations. To help meet such challenges, the International Social Security Association (ISSA) has developed Guidelines on Information and Communication Technology to support the integrated ICT‐based implementation of social programmes. This article reviews existing scenarios, discusses the benefits and challenges of coordinated approaches, and offers models to show how to implement such types of systems while applying the ISSA Guidelines.

Use of Evidence in the Implementation of Social Programs: A Qualitative Study from Chile

Through this qualitative, empirical study the authors aim to explore and describe the sources of knowledge that are used to guide intervention practice by social workers in Chile. Particular attention was paid to factors that may facilitate or hinder the use of research-based evidence to guide social interventions design, implementation, and outcome evaluation. In order to explore these issues, 25 semi-structured interviews with social workers from Chilean social service non-profit organizations were conducted. The main findings suggest that social workers do not use research-based evidence to support their social interventions due to various personal organizational constraints (e.g., lack of time, lack of access to resources for disseminating evidence, lack of English command). In addition, no evaluation processes of social programs which will support evidence-based effectiveness could be found. One key barrier to support use of evidence and evidence production may be related to the fact that most non-governmental organizations maintain a hierarchical and vertical relationship with state agencies (program design, oversight, and funding) for social program development.

POLITICAL PARTY “UNITED RUSSIA” IN 2003-2014: CREATING OF NEW POLITICAL SPACE AND MODERNIZATION OF ECONOMY, BUSINESS AND SOCIAL SPHERE

The article is devoted to the activities of the political party «United Russia» in the sphere of development and implementation of programs of socio-economic modernization, and reveals the essential role of the political party «United Russia» in the formation of mechanisms of interaction between government and business-community of Russia in 2003-2014. The author on the basis of the study notes that the political party «United Russia» in the period under review, highest priority attention to the formation in Russian Federation of a new political and business consciousness that is the key to further successful development of Russian innovative economy and business. The importance of the party «United Russia» gives the implementation of social programs of support, which aims to improve the social fabric of society, to promote training of highly qualified personnel, young specialists – managers, entrepreneurs, scientists, business managers, etc. a Special attention of the political party «United Russia» pays the elaboration of the strategy of innovative development, introduction in manufacture of nanotechnology, the development of fundamental science as a basis for future modernization breakthrough. The leadership of the party «United Russia» called for increased dialogue between government and business, strengthens constructive corporate engagement of business organizations and party structures in order to intensify the modernization process in the field of business and economics as well as to solve the strategic task – creation of innovative economy and knowledge-based business, modernization of Russia in the XXI century.

Evaluation of the Reform Efficiency in Public Social Sector Management of the Republic of Kazakhstan

The paper aims at studying the retrospective public administration reform the social sphere, the classification of its main results, and formation of proposals for further improvement of public governance. As a result, authors implemented a comprehensive systematization of the key stages of the reform and measures taken to improve the functioning of the institute of public administration in the social sphere of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the context of administrative and social reforms. The results of the reforms are determined; the shortcomings of state control over the implementation of social programs are identified. Article suggests the prospects and directions of development of the social protection system in the Republic of Kazakhstan with an account of current socio-economic conditions and the parameters of international social standards. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n3s5p191