Implementation Of Management Policies Research Articles

A Multi-Criteria Framework for the Sustainable Management of Fisheries: a Case Study of UK’s North Sea Scottish Fisheries

In this paper, a sustainability framework with a case application for UK’s Scottish fisheries has been developed which integrates aspects related to economic growth, social development, governance, biology, environment, and logistics. Scotland is the centre of UK’s commercial fishery sector however it faces challenges such as overexploitation, and changes in the governance structure following Brexit. The contributions of this study are threefold including (i) collecting and analysing primary data gathered from a diverse group of stakeholders in the Scottish fishery sector and scientific community, (ii) prioritising a diverse range of criteria in terms of importance in decision making from industry and scientific community perspectives, (iii) elaboration of the key management objectives in this region within the context of sustainable management of fisheries in the UK.The results of this stakeholders’ survey show that the key management objectives are reductions in overexploitation of stocks, inclusive governance, increase in transparency and simplicity of policy measures, reduction in marine litter, and increase in the efficiency of vessels. The analysis also shows that the industry group places a higher importance on socio-economic objectives such as increase in profit and employment compared to the scientific group. On the other hand, the scientific group prioritised the objectives such as reducing discards, bycatch, and impact on seafloor compared to the industry group. This study provides insight for the UK’s fisheries sector, and scientific advisory groups for the enhanced implementation of sustainable fisheries management policies.

Influence of Governance on Sustainable Municipal Solid Waste Management in Ruiru Sub-County, Kiambu County

Sustainable Municipal Solid Waste management has remained a big challenge in Africa and other resource constrained settings. However, to achieve sustainability, the gaps in governance of waste management need to be addressed speedily as populations are expanding rapidly, far exceeding available infrastructure and resources. Ruiru subcounty has a rapidly expanding population which has not been matched with sustainable waste management in commercial and residential sectors. This study sought to establish the influence of governance on Sustainable Municipal Solid Waste management in Ruiru Sub-County. Mixed methods research approach and descriptive research design were used in both data collection and analysis. This involved administration of Questionnaires, interviews and observation checklist through an online platform Kobo Collect. Results of the study showed that the County Government and subsequent sub-counties are responsible for waste management. Despites this mandate there are heaps of waste remain in commercial and residential areas. This is attributed to various governance challenges such as lack of prioritization of waste management, limited financial and human resources, minimal community participation, disregard of informal players in waste management cycle, weak implementation and enforcement of waste management policies. While it is desirable to attain sustainable solid waste management in Ruiru, and while the national legal frameworks are in place, there are major challenges and gaps in solid waste governance. Therefore, this study concludes enforceability of mechanisms, adequacy of funding, wholistic involvement of all players remain daunting. Unless these are addressed, sustainable waste management will only remain an unattainable goal.

THE IMPLEMENTATION OF AREA GOVERNMENT POLICY IN WASTE PROCESSING, JAYAWIJAYA REGENCY, PAPUA PROVINCE, INDONESIA

The implementation of local government policy in waste management, at Jayawijaya Regency, Papua Province, is a very strategic step that aims to serve the waste generated by the population, which indirectly participates in maintaining public health and creating a clean environment. To know performance rather than policy implementation, the authors perform analysis of the implementation of waste management policies, identify and analyze the supporting factors and inhibiting factors in waste management, and efforts to improve the effectiveness of implementing waste management policies at Jayawijaya Regency. This research is qualitative research with a descriptive approach. The results of the research indicate that factors are influencing the implementation of waste management policy, namely; that there are unclear contents of the policy that is not understood by the community related to communication due to the level of knowledge, the authority is the supervision of the field that handles the cleanliness of the city related to the resources and also the means of infrastructure, dispositions related to cognition and organizational structure related to the coordination found in the organizational structure. Still using a manual system, which is done by dumping (stacking). Waste management in the final disposal site is still conventional or combustion system. Efforts to improve the effectiveness of local government policy implementation in waste management are by applying local regulations that have been made seriously in the handling of waste. Awareness of the responsibility of the cleanliness officers should be improved. The need for supervision of the field of handling and processing of waste directly in the field from the environmental agency.

An overview of progress towards implementation of solid waste management policies in Dhaka, Bangladesh

ObjectivesConsidering the increased solid waste generation and its management, this paper aims at reviewing and identifying the gaps and challenges in implementing the existing solid waste management relevant policies, strategies and action plans in Bangladesh for providing further strategic recommendations to establish a sustainable waste management system. MethodsThis study adopted a multi-method approach by reviewing 24 policy/strategy documents; implementation gap analysis with extensive desk review and data obtained from the qualitative approach and co-production workshop. It allowed this study to capture the multidimensional and comprehensive scenario of waste management in Dhaka city. ResultsBangladesh has undergone reforms in solid waste management since 1983 with the adoption of the Dhaka City Corporation Ordinance and the enactment of the National 3R Strategy in 2010. With few exceptions, the overall waste management system cannot be defined as an effective comprehensive waste reduction, recycling and disposal mechanism based on global standards. Study found that several action plans have been introduced yet not all of those have proper implementation like adhering the waste segregation and recycling practices from households to landfill level. Lack of monitoring and coordination among the existing policy implementing agencies have emerged as significant concerns in Bangladesh. ConclusionChallenges in the implementation of pragmatic and improved policies and strategies should be addressed.

Implementasi Kebijakan Penertiban Ternak di Kecamatan Pante-Makassar, Oe-Cusse, Timor Leste

This study focuses on the Implementation of Livestock Control in the District of Pante-Makassar, Oe-Cusse, Timor Leste, this study aims to analyze the extent to which the Implementation of Livestock Control Policies in the District of Pante-Makassar, Oe-Cusse, Timor Leste, and the supporting and inhibiting factors of implementation Policy. The methodology used in this paper is a descriptive qualitative method. This research uses selected informants by purposive sampling. There are 10 informants in this research. The method used in gathering information is observation, interviews and documentation. The results of the study indicate that human resources and financial resources, when viewed from these two resources, it can be concluded that there is a lack of human resources and financial resources that are still minimal so that it can affect the implementation of livestock management policies. In the disposition there is a consensus between policy makers and policy implementers. The organizational structure of livestock control has been established and has carried out its duties but in its implementation it has not been as expected in accordance with the government decree that has been set. the government needs to pay attention to financial resources and human resources so that before implementing policies. It is necessary to conduct socialization to livestock owners before the policy is implemented.

EXPLORING PROCUREMENT SYSTEM IN HIGHER EDUCATIONAL CONTEXT: CASE OF A SELECTED HIGHER INSTITUTION IN THE EASTERN CAPE SOUTH AFRICA

Ponte Academic JournalSep 2022, Volume 78, Issue 9 EXPLORING PROCUREMENT SYSTEM IN HIGHER EDUCATIONAL CONTEXT: CASE OF A SELECTED HIGHER INSTITUTION IN THE EASTERN CAPE SOUTH AFRICAAuthor(s): Lonwabo Lukhanyo VikilahleJ. Ponte - Sep 2022 - Volume 78 - Issue 9 doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2022.9.10 Abstract:Among the main problem faced by Higher institutions of learning are the effective implementation of Supply Chain Management (SCM) policies and Asset Management (AM) policies. This study sorts to enhance and improve the annual performance plan which will be aligned with Higher institutions of learning strategic plan 2015-2019 (2020-2025) as required by South Africa Higher Education act 101 of 1997. For any organisation to operate effectively and efficiently, there is strong need to implement policies that are in lined with the organisational Mission, Objective and Vision but not superseding the act which the organisation should operating under. Forty participant were sampled for the study and the interpretivist paradigm was adopted by the researcher. The findings revealed that although the institution has Supply Chain Management in policies in place, it is still far from ensuring efficient and effective implementation of these policies. it also emerged that some of the institution’s personnel lack coordination and thorough understanding of how these policies are to be applied. The implementation of these policies must be driven by relevant stakeholders and end users; hence, management of the institution must create a structure that promotes consistency, compliance, and monitoring throughout the implementation process to ensure openness, transparency, and cost-saving. Download full text:Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution Username Password

Deep learning based non-intrusive load monitoring with low resolution data from smart meters

Abstract A detailed knowledge of the energy consumption and activation status of the electrical appliances in a house is beneficial for both the user and the energy supplier, improving energy awareness and allowing the implementation of consumption management policies through demand response techniques. Monitoring the consumption of individual appliances is certainly expensive and difficult to implement technically on a large scale, so non-intrusive monitoring techniques have been developed that allow the consumption of appliances to be derived from the sole measurement of the aggregate consumption of a house. However, these methodologies often require additional hardware to be installed in the domestic system to measure total energy consumption with high temporal resolution. In this work we use a deep learning method to disaggregate the low frequency energy signal generated directly by the new generation smart meters deployed in Italy, without the need of additional specific hardware. The performances obtained on two reference datasets are promising and demonstrate the applicability of the proposed approach.

Environment management policy implementation for sustainable industrial production under power asymmetry in the graph model

In the wake of the Paris agreement, adaptation and mitigation efforts are underway to combat climate change. Despite the promulgation of environmental policies, rules and regulations, and the setting of local environmental regulations, the objectives of cleaner industrial production, and sustainable environmental management are still far from the targets set. However, the stringent implementation of environmental policy is equally important as the decree of environmental laws. Environmental conflicts between the government and industry may source from lenient or less strict policy implementation and/or weak administrative capacity of the governments’ agencies. The use of the government's inherent power can play a pivotal role in determining the preferences of the industry regarding environmental sustainability. This study proposes a power-asymmetric based negotiation strategy by incorporating formal mathematical formulations of the power-asymmetric preferences and stability concepts in the Graph Model for Conflict Resolution (GMCR). A case study of government-industry conflict is resolved to confirm the procedure and application of the proposed methodology. The analysis shows how the decision-maker – industry adjusts its preference when the government imposes strict environmental policy. It provides valuable strategic insights that use of government's inherent power in the stringent implementation of environmental policies is indispensable for cleaner industrial production and sustainable environmental management.

ANALYSIS THROUGH THE IMPLEMENTATION OF REGIONAL PROPERTY MANAGEMENT POLICY IN AN EFFORT TO ACCOMPLISHED GOOD GOVERNANCE AT LOCAL FINANCIAL AND ASSETS MANAGEMENT OFFICE (BPKAD) IN TANGERANG SELATAN CITY

This research aims to investigate and evaluate the implementation of regional property management policies at the Local Financial and Assets Management Office (BPKAD) in Tangerang Selatan City. It was trying to find out the factors which hinder the implementation of regional property management policies, analyze about the obstacles which are faced in improving good governance and analyze the strategies undertaken in the implementation of regional property management policies in order to realize good governance. This research currently uses a descriptive qualitative method with the insider respondents from BPKAD office in Tangerang Selatan City. The collection of data techniques has been done through observation and interviews. The theory from George C Edward III has been used as a reference which stated that there are four things that will affect the implementation of policies, namely communication, resources, disposition and bureaucratic structure. According to the research findings, it is known that the implementation of regional property management policies in Tangerang Selatan City's BPKAD has been going well, but there are still few regulations which have not been fully accomplished. The factors which support the implementation of regional property management policies in Tangerang Selatan City's BPKAD are communication, disposition, bureaucratic structure, resources. Meanwhile, the factors which hinder its implementation are Bureaucratic structure, resources, disposition. In order to overcome these obstacles, the efforts that have been made namely; immediately apply the concept of institutional strengthening, more focus on improving the governance of regional property so that good governance could be realized and strengthened in terms of regulation and preparation from Standard Operating Procedures in the management of property area.

Pathways to Justice, Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion in Marine Science and Conservation

Marine conservation sciences have traditionally been, and remain, non-diverse work environments with many barriers to justice, equity, diversity, and inclusion (JEDI). These barriers disproportionately affect entry of early career scientists and practitioners and limit the success of marine conservation professionals from under-represented, marginalized, and overburdened groups. These groups specifically include women, LGBTQ+, Black, Indigenous, and people of color (BIPOC). However, the issues also arise from the global North/South and East/West divide with under-representation of scientists from the South and East in the global marine conservation and science arena. Persisting inequities in conservation, along with a lack of inclusiveness and diversity, also limit opportunities for innovation, cross-cultural knowledge exchange, and effective implementation of conservation and management policies. As part of its mandate to increase diversity and promote inclusion of underrepresented groups, the Diversity and Inclusion committee of the Society for Conservation Biology-Marine Section (SCB Marine) organized a JEDI focus group at the Sixth International Marine Conservation Congress (IMCC6) which was held virtually. The focus group included a portion of the global cohort of IMCC6 attendees who identified issues affecting JEDI in marine conservation and explored pathways to address those issues. Therefore, the barriers and pathways identified here focus on issues pertinent to participants’ global regions and experiences. Several barriers to just, equitable, diverse, and inclusive conservation science and practice were identified. Examples included limited participation of under-represented minorities (URM) in research networks, editorial biases against URM, limited professional development and engagement opportunities for URM and non-English speakers, barriers to inclusion of women, LGBTQ+, and sensory impaired individuals, and financial barriers to inclusion of URM in all aspects of marine conservation and research. In the current policy brief, we explore these barriers, assess how they limit progress in marine conservation research and practice, and seek to identify initiatives for improvements. We expect the initiatives discussed here to advances practices rooted in principles of JEDI, within SCB Marine and, the broader conservation community. The recommendations and perspectives herein broadly apply to conservation science and practice, and are critical to effective and sustainable conservation and management outcomes.

Стратегічні напрями вдосконалення стимулюючого механізму публічного управління у сфері поводження з твердими побутовими відходами

Актуалізовано питання вдосконалення стимулюючого механізму публічного управління в сфері поводження з твердими побутовими відходами (далі – ТПВ). Обґрунтовано неефективність існуючих механізмів і запропоновано мобілізаційні заходи щодо покращення публічного управління в цьому напрямку. Встановлено, що функціональна спрямованість стимулюючого механізму полягає у досягненні мети публічного управління в сфері поводження із ТПВ, вихованні культури поводження з відходами та консолідації діяльності суб’єктів у напрямку охорони навколишнього природного середовища.

Adoption of cloud-based enterprise resource planning payroll system state-owned enterprises in South Africa

Background: Cloud computing simplifies the access of applications and data from any location worldwide using Internet connected devices. Whilst adoption of cloud computing seems to be attractive, most companies are still using the on-premise enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. Cloud computing provides organizations with scalable computer resources; nevertheless, state-owned corporations in South Africa have a poor adoption rate for integrating ERP and, in particular, payroll into the cloud (SOEs).Objectives: The goal of the study was to investigate factors affecting the adoption of ERP payroll cloud solutions in SOEs and basing on these factors develop an ERP payroll cloud solution adoption model.Method: In this study, a qualitative research approach was employed. Data were collected through observation, interviews and document reviews, and were analysed using thematic analysis method.Results: The a priori themes for this study: policy, security, cost, compliance and privacy were confirmed, whilst Protection of Personal Information Act, data centre location and top management emerged and were found to have a substantial influence in cloud ERP Payroll adoption process in SOEs.Conclusion: To move from on-premise to cloud ERP solution, SOEs managers need clarity on: Protection of Personal Information Act (POPI) act adherence, data centre location, top management support, privacy assurance, security guarantee, cost effectiveness, compliance controls and policy formulation adoption and implementation. The studied SOEs were not yet ready to migrate from on-premise solution to a cloud solution because of these factors. Addressing the above-mentioned concerns may enable SOEs’ managers to gain confidence in adopting cloud services.

The effect of implementation on successful forest management policy, moderated by actor-network and stakeholder collaboration

Abstract Knowing and analyzing the effect of the successful implementation of forest management policies mediated by community empowerment by moderating a network of actors and stakeholder collaborations. This study uses a quantitative approach to examine specific populations and samples. The research instrument is a questionnaire. The sample in this study were 100 people around the KPHP Model Yogjakarta. The analytical tool used Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) WarpPLS and IPA approaches. Communication, resources, environmental conditions, and relationships between organizations have a direct and significant effect on community empowerment, and the empowerment variable has a direct and significant effect on the successful implementation of forest management policies. The variables that do not directly affect the disposition and organizational structure variables do not significantly influence community empowerment. The influence of actor-networks and stakeholder collaborations as moderation which strengthens implementation of community empowerment and successful implementation is a novelty in research.

ANALYSIS THROUGH THE IMPLEMENTATION OF REGIONAL PROPERTY MANAGEMENT POLICY IN AN EFFORT TO ACCOMPLISHED GOOD GOVERNANCE AT LOCAL FINANCIAL AND ASSETS MANAGEMENT OFFICE (BPKAD) IN TANGERANG SELATAN CITY

This research aims to investigate and evaluate the implementation of regional property management policies at the Local Financial and Assets Management Office (BPKAD) in Tangerang Selatan City. It was trying to find out the factors which hinder the implementation of regional property management policies, analyze about the obstacles which are faced in improving good governance and analyze the strategies undertaken in the implementation of regional property management policies in order to realize good governance. This research currently uses a descriptive qualitative method with the insider respondents from BPKAD office in Tangerang Selatan City. The collection of data techniques has been done through observation and interviews. The theory from George C Edward III has been used as a reference which stated that there are four things that will affect the implementation of policies, namely communication, resources, disposition and bureaucratic structure. According to the research findings, it is known that the implementation of regional property management policies in Tangerang Selatan City's BPKAD has been going well, but there are still few regulations which have not been fully accomplished. The factors which support the implementation of regional property management policies in Tangerang Selatan City's BPKAD are communication, disposition, bureaucratic structure, resources. Meanwhile, the factors which hinder its implementation are Bureaucratic structure, resources, disposition. In order to overcome these obstacles, the efforts that have been made namely; immediately apply the concept of institutional strengthening, more focus on improving the governance of regional property so that good governance could be realized and strengthened in terms of regulation and preparation from Standard Operating Procedures in the management of property area.

Modeling and Assessing Potential Soil Erosion Hazards Using USLE and Wind Erosion Models in Integration with GIS Techniques: Dakhla Oasis, Egypt

Soil erosion modeling is becoming more significant in the development and implementation of soil management and conservation policies. For a better understanding of the geographical distribution of soil erosion, spatial-based models of soil erosion are required. The current study proposed a spatial-based model that integrated geographic information systems (GIS) techniques with both the universal soil loss equation (USLE) model and the Index of Land Susceptibility to Wind Erosion (ILSWE). The proposed Spatial Soil Loss Model (SSLM) was designed to generate the potential soil erosion maps based on water erosion and wind erosion by integrating factors of the USLE and ILSWE models into the GIS environment. Hence, the main objective of this study is to predict, quantify, and assess the soil erosion hazards using the SSLM in the Dakhla Oasis as a case study. The water soil loss values were computed by overlaying the values of five factors: the rainfall factor (R-Factor), soil erodibility (K-Factor), topography (LS-Factor), crop types (C-Factor), and conservation practice (P-Factor). The severity of wind-driven soil loss was calculated by overlaying the values of five factors: climatic erosivity (CE-Factor), soil erodibility (E-Factor), soil crust (SC-Factor), vegetation cover (VC-Factor), and surface roughness (SR-Factor). The proposed model was statistically validated by comparing its outputs to the results of USLE and ILSWE models. Soil loss values based on USLE and SSLM varied from 0.26 to 3.51 t ha−1 yr−1 with an average of 1.30 t ha−1 yr−1 and from 0.26 to 3.09 t ha−1 yr−1 with a mean of 1.33 t ha−1 yr−1, respectively. As a result, and according to the assessment of both the USLE and the SSLM, one soil erosion class, the very low class (<6.7 t ha−1 yr−1), has been reported to be the prevalent erosion class in the study area. These findings indicate that the Dakhla Oasis is slightly eroded and more tolerable against water erosion factors under current management conditions. Furthermore, the study area was classified into four classes of wind erosion severity: very slight, slight, moderate, and high, representing 1.0%, 25.2%, 41.5%, and 32.3% of the total study area, respectively, based on the ILSWE model and 0.9%, 25.4%, 43.9%, and 29.9%, respectively, according to the SSLM. Consequently, the Dakhla Oasis is qualified as a promising area for sustainable agriculture when appropriate management is applied. The USLE and ILSWE model rates had a strong positive correlation (r = 0.97 and 0.98, respectively), with the SSLM rates, as well as a strong relationship based on the average linear regression (R2 = 0.94 and 0.97, respectively). The present study is an attempt to adopt a spatial-based model to compute and map the potential soil erosion. It also pointed out that designing soil erosion spatial models using available data sources and the integration of USLE and ILSWE with GIS techniques is a viable option for calculating soil loss rates. Therefore, the proposed soil erosion spatial model is fit for calculating and assessing soil loss rates under this study and is valid for use in other studies under arid regions with the same conditions.

Decolonising knowledge production in disaster management: a feminist perspective

PurposeThis paper focuses on how feminist research seeks to integrate the inclusion of women in society for them to be active participants in disaster management, and goes on to prove how crucial it is for disaster research to collaborate with feminist research to arrive at a cohesive, interwoven, interdisciplinary field and methodology, while at the same time giving the agency in the hands of local agents for them to bring about change through traditional methods interwoven with broader methodologies. To hand over the process to local agents would result in decolonisation of knowledge production and implementation.Design/methodology/approachThe paper was written using secondary sources, mainly in the form of books, journal articles and news articles. Reports by international organisations were used to augment data and other theoretical frameworks and references in the paper. The secondary sources were selected keeping in view one of the primary objectives of the paper, namely “decolonising knowledge production”. Analysis by postcolonial authors from the global South has been included. Research and literature based in local contexts form an important part of the sources consulted throughout this paper. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has been used as a case study to highlight how disasters are still “gendered”; it opens up space for further research on the topic.FindingsEven though women are increasingly recognised as agents of positive change in prevention, mitigation and post-disaster efforts, very little is done at the policy and implementation levels to include their experiences and benefit from them. There is an urgent need for systemic, gender-aware changes at socio-economic and political levels so that hazards may be prevented from turning into disasters by reducing the vulnerability of populations.Originality/valueThe importance of this research lies in its interdisciplinary approach and the integration of three fields of study disaster management, feminist/gender studies and decolonising knowledge production. The attempt is to analyse the interdependence of these fields of study to understand the lacunae in planning and implementation of disaster management policies, and to pave the way for further research by way of this integration.

Assessment and mapping of flash flood hazard severity in Jordan

ABSTRACT Flash flood is among the most catastrophic hazards worldwide. Jordan has been witnessing unusual shocks of flash floods with regular intervals. It is best described as sudden events involving ‘too much water in too little time’. This study aims at presenting flash flood assessment and producing a potential flood hazard severity map. The GIS-based hydrology assessment was carried out using Rational model. The model integrates biophysical characteristics of the basin and the hydrometrological information. The range of peak discharge was around 5 MCM in the Jordan Valley to 65 MCM in W. Hammad basin. Flood hazard severity map was produced based on Integrated Context Analysis approach (ICA) at surface basin's level. It has been shown that 17.6% of Jordan's area is categorized into ‘high’ class hazard severity. The study provides consistent information at a national-scale on flood hazard reclassification to support the development of the implementation of flood management policy of flood mitigation activities. Also, it proves the usefulness of GIS technology in model preparation and parameterizations.

IMPLEMENTASI PENANGANAN KONFLIK SOSIAL DI LUWUK KABUPATEN BANGGAI

This research aims to find out and describe the Implementation of Social Conflict Management Policies in Luwuk, Banggai Regency. The usefulness of this research is theoretical and practical. In the Literature Review explains the Concept of Public Policy. Thinking Flow of the theory of Van Meter and Van Horn which includes the factors of Standards and Objectives, Resources, Characteristics of Implementing Agents, Inter-Organization Communication, Socio-Economic and Political Environment, and Implementor Disposition. research with qualitative methods, Research Location of Luwuk City, Banggai district, Research time for three months, Informant is an element of Banggai district FORKOPIMDA, Devinisi Operational Concept related to the implementation model of the policy. Qualitative data types, and data sources namely Secondary data and Primary Data. The discussion explained, explicitly about the Implementation of Social Conflict Management in Luwuk Banggai district, and concluded that the Social Conflict Management Policy in Luwuk, Banggai Regency, was fully well underway. Only in implementing the policy does not involve representatives of the traditional institutions in conflict, after the results of the crucial policy of repatriating the families of the perpetrators, the regional government is deemed not to uphold Pancasila (Pancasilais) and the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. There must be involvement of representatives from indigenous peoples. Determination of policies needs to be revised again, studied more deeply and extensively, and looks for the best solutions for the families of the perpetrators, as well as providing compensation to residents who are repatriated.

Evaluation of implementation about Covid-19 medical waste management policies in health care facilities

This paper evaluates policy implementation that discusses the management of medical waste in health care facilities. The government establishes a waste management policy with the Decree of the Minister of Health concerning Guidelines for the Management of Medical Waste for Health Service Facilities and Waste from Isolation Activities or Independent Quarantine in the Community in Handling (Covid-19) to prevent transmission and controlling the spread of Covid-19 and protecting health workers, non-health workers, and the public from the impact of waste in handling Covid-19. Although regulations related to the management of Covid-19 waste have been set, there are still problems in some areas in their implementation. The literature study was conducted to evaluate the implementation of medical waste management policies in health care facilities. Evaluation is seen based on socialization, implementation, and policy results. Based on the results of the literature study, it was found that the socialization of the policy had done well, evidenced by the implementation of socialization about medical waste in health care facilities. The implementation encountered several obstacles, such as limited shelters, shortage of waste destruction equipment, and medical waste transportation and processing services that had not yet reached all areas in Indonesia.

Epidemiological Characteristics of Sedative-Hypnotics and Opioid Painkillers at High-Frequency Exposure.

Drug poisoning has a high incidence and serious consequences in medical institutions; its epidemiological characteristics also directly affect the changes in national laws and policies and the implementation of local management policies. Chinese statistics on drug-related abnormal death cases generally come from judicial appraisal centers and medical units. However, due to differences in work content and professional restrictions, there are differences in information management forms, which makes it difficult for appraisers to conduct a professional and systematic analysis of drug-related cases. This article focuses on the analysis of epidemiological characteristics of sedative-hypnotics and opioid painkillers and their exposure patterns in cases of poisoning death by analyzing the annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Center, combined with the characteristics of drug exposure in China.