Identical Paths Research Articles

Foliations with non-compact leaves on surfaces

The paper studies non-compact surfaces obtained by gluing strips R × (−1, 1) with at most countably many boundary intervals along some of these intervals. Every such strip possesses a foliation by parallel lines, which gives a foliation on the resulting surface. It is proved that the identity path component of the group of homeomorphisms of that foliation is contractible.

The Fire Never Goes Out: A Memoir in Pictures by Noelle Stevenson

Reviewed by: The Fire Never Goes Out: A Memoir in Pictures by Noelle Stevenson Kate Quealy-Gainer, Assistant Editor Stevenson, Noelle The Fire Never Goes Out: A Memoir in Pictures; written and illus. by Noelle Stevenson. HarperTeen, 2020 208p Trade ed. ISBN 978-0-06-227827-2 $19.99 E-book ed. ISBN 978-0-06-227828-9 $12.99 R Gr. 8-12 Stevenson, author of the popular webcomic and book Nimona (BCCB 7/15), co-writer of the similarly popular Lumberjanes, and current show runner of Netflix’s She-Ra and the Princesses of Power, tracks both her personal and artistic journey, beginning as an insecure undergrad in her first Sequential Arts class to a rising and then award-winning artist and writer, all the while dealing with confusing relationships, questions about sexuality, fears of failure, and bouts of depression and anxiety. Comic-styled vignettes are punctuated by end of year reflections, and the chronological reviews give a solid framework in which her authentically complicated and messy thoughts and feelings play out. Fans will appreciate the opportunity to see Stevenson’s growth as an artist, and her use of visual metaphors will feel especially resonant for readers sorting out their identity and future paths. She thankfully avoids the oversimplification of mental health struggles that places a direct line between sadness as Point A and happiness as Point B; instead she acknowledges the chaos and range of human emotion and acknowledges that successes and stability bring their own set of complications. Stevenson makes herself vulnerable here, and readers will appreciate her honesty, compassion, and hard-won wisdom. Copyright © 2020 The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois

Revisionism in Poetry

The article identifies the ways/procedures of revisionism in poetry. Not only does the exclusion of the poetry of Goran Babić from the national corpus not correspond with its poetic complexity and value, but it is also ethically inconsistent. Revisionism follows a national identity path according to which literature with clearly expressed views on socialism cannot fully exist within the history of poetry. Politics has taken the place of poetics.

Three- Dimensional Simulation of Crack Propagation using Finite Element Method

The 3D finite element software ANSYS Workbench software has been employed for simulation of engineering geometries which are containing a pre-cracks and holes. The new feature in this software is using the smart crack growth procedure and the mesh smoothing technique which provides an adaptive and smooth mesh around the crack path as well as the higher stresses area. Under the assumption of LEFM, the stress intensity factors was used as a crack growth criterion which provided as indicators of failure compared to the fracture toughness or threshold stress intensity factors (SIFs) in both static and dynamic loading respectively. The stress intensity factors were calculated for every crack growth step and the fatigue life time was predicted according to the number of cycles. The effect of the nominal notch position of the crack was illustrated. Simulations performed with Ansys show an identical crack path on structures that is in line with that of the experimental and numerical results performed by other researchers.

Ice Cloud Optical Thickness, Effective Radius, And Ice Water Path Inferred From Fused MISR and MODIS Measurements Based on a Pixel‐Level Optimal Ice Particle Roughness Model

AbstractThe Multi‐angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) provides measurements over a wider scattering‐angle range for a given location than a cross‐track scanning sensor such as the MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). Based on a full year (2013) of fused MISR‐MODIS datasets, we develop a variable surface roughness model for ice particles with the goal of identifying the optimal degree of roughness in the ice model for a given pixel containing single‐layer ice clouds. For the MISR‐MODIS observations over oceans, severe roughness values are often selected for a pixel when optical thickness (τ) and particle effective radius (Reff) are large in conjunction with larger cloud heterogeneity index (Hσ) or a warmer cloud top temperature. Furthermore, τ, Reff, and ice water path are retrieved with the optimal model and compared to operational MODIS Collection 6 (MC6) products that assume a constant roughness. In general, the retrievals based on the present optimal model lead to greater consistency with MISR measurements, and result in larger median τ by 10.1% and smaller median Reff by 6.5% but almost identical ice water path in comparison with the MC6 counterparts. The higher average τ value is caused by a slightly larger number of large τ cases, but the smaller average Reff value is due to the shifting of the retrieved Reff value toward smaller values by approximately 2–4 μm in comparison to the MC6 distribution over all seasons. Both τ retrievals have similar regional and monthly variations, but a larger annual cycle of Reff is associated with the optimal model.

Dual heterodyne and light-amplifying fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometers for on-line displacement measurement of low reflectivity objects

A heterodyne interferometric system, which includes dual optical fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometers and has light-amplifying capability for on-line measurement of low reflectivity objects, is presented and experimented. Two fiber Bragg gratings with the same Bragg wavelength are employed to construct two overlapped and independent optical fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometers that have almost identical optical paths. One of the interferometers is used to sense environmental disturbances while the other one performs measurement. By subtracting the outputs of the two interferometers, the influences resulting from the environmental disturbances can be eliminated effectively. Two acoustic-optical modulators connected in series are incorporated in the reference arm of the interferometers to configure heterodyne interference, while a length of erbium-doped fiber pumped with a 980 nm laser is embedded in the measurement arm to amplify the reflected light from the measured object for improving the fringe visibility of the interferometric signal. Hence the system is suitable for on-line measurement of low reflectivity objects. Displacement measurement experiments of 100 μm have been carried out for ten times and the standard deviation of the repeated measurements is 6 nm.

Multidirectional Pin-on-Disk Testing Device to Evaluate the Cross-shear Effect on the Wear of Biocompatible Materials

One of the main causes of hip prostheses failure is the premature wear of their components. Multi-directional motion or “cross-shear” motion has been identified as one of the most significant factors affecting the wear rate of UHMWPE in total hip joint replacement prostheses. To better evaluate the effect of this cross-shear motion on the tribological behavior of different biomaterials, a new wear testing device has been designed and developed. This new instrument is capable to reproduce the “cross-shear” effect with bidirectional motion on bearing materials and to determine coefficient of friction (COF) between surfaces during testing. To validate the functionality of this new testing platform, alumina balls were articulated against Ti-6Al-4V ELI alloy disks in Ringer’s solution. Four different articulation patterns, all with identical path lengths per cycle, were tested. Gravimetric weight loss was converted to volumetric wear data in order to determine the effects of motion patterns on the wear. Worn surfaces were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. This scientific approach to quantifying the tribological effects of cross-shear provides fundamental data that are crucial in evaluating potential biomaterials for use in knee and hip joint replacements.

Estimation of Beat-to-Beat Interval and Systolic Time Intervals Using Phono- and Seismocardiograms.

Systolic time intervals Pre-Ejection Period (PEP) and Left Ventricular Ejection Time (LVET) are widely used indicators of cardiac functions. While accurate assessment of them requires costly equipment such as echocardiography devices, a satisfactory estimation can be done by analyzing signals from simple accelerometer and microphone attached to human chest. This paper reports a study where heart rate and the systolic intervals were derived from phonocardiogram (PCG) and seismocardiogram (SCG) simultaneously. Both sensors, the microphone for PCG and the accelerometer for SCG were attached on the chest wall, close to sternum (PCG) and apex of the heart (SCG). The signals were acquired from 10 participants in a 33-minute laboratory protocol with synchronized ECG measurements. Both signals went through an identical processing path: band pass filtering, envelope extraction with Hilbert transformation and peak detection from the envelope signal. In heart rate estimation, PCG and SCG reached 84% and 93% accuracy, respectively. The systolic interval accuracy estimation was based on deviation analysis as the absolute reference values for PEP and LVET were not available. In PEP estimation, the average standard deviations during the rest periods of the protocol were 4 ms for PCG and 8 ms for SCG. In LVET estimation, the deviations were nearly 10 fold compared to PEP. However, the results show that both methods can be used for accurate heart rate estimation and with careful mechanical attachment also PEP can be accurately derived from both. Due to sharper envelope signal waveform, PEP estimation was more accurate with PCG than with SCG.

Asymmetric Residual Neural Network for Accurate Human Activity Recognition

Human activity recognition (HAR) using deep neural networks has become a hot topic in human–computer interaction. Machines can effectively identify human naturalistic activities by learning from a large collection of sensor data. Activity recognition is not only an interesting research problem but also has many real-world practical applications. Based on the success of residual networks in achieving a high level of aesthetic representation of automatic learning, we propose a novel asymmetric residual network, named ARN. ARN is implemented using two identical path frameworks consisting of (1) a short time window, which is used to capture spatial features, and (2) a long time window, which is used to capture fine temporal features. The long time window path can be made very lightweight by reducing its channel capacity, while still being able to learn useful temporal representations for activity recognition. In this paper, we mainly focus on proposing a new model to improve the accuracy of HAR. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the ARN model, we carried out extensive experiments on benchmark datasets (i.e., OPPORTUNITY, UniMiB-SHAR) and compared the results with some conventional and state-of-the-art learning-based methods. We discuss the influence of networks parameters on performance to provide insights about its optimization. Results from our experiments show that ARN is effective in recognizing human activities via wearable datasets.

Automorphisms of Kronrod-Reeb graphs of Morse functions on 2-sphere

Let $M$ be a compact two-dimensional manifold and, $f \in C^{\infty}(M, R)$ be a Morse function, and $\Gamma$ be its Kronrod-Reeb graph.Denote by $O(f)={f o h | h \in D(M)}$ the orbit of $f$ with respect to the natural right action of the group of diffeomorphisms $D(M)$ onC^{\infty}$, and by $S(f)={h\in D(M) | f o h = f }$ the coresponding stabilizer of this function.It is easy to show that each $h\in S(f)$ induces an automorphism of the graph $\Gamma$.Let $D_{id}(M)$ be the identity path component of $D(M)$, $S'(f) = S(f) \cap D_{id}(M)$ be the subgroup of $D_{id}(M)$ consisting of diffeomorphisms preserving $f$ and isotopic to identity map, and $G$ be the group of automorphisms of the Kronrod-Reeb graph induced by diffeomorphisms belonging to $S'(f)$. This group is one of key ingredients for calculating the homotopy type of the orbit $O(f)$.
 In the previous article the authors described the structure of groups $G$ for Morse functions on all orientable surfacesdistinct from $2$-torus and $2$-sphere. 
 The present paper is devoted to the case $M = S^2$. In this situation $\Gamma$ is always a tree, and therefore all elements of the group $G$ have a common fixed subtree $Fix(G)$, which may even consist of a unique vertex. Our main result calculates the groups $G$ for all Morse functions $f: S^2 \to R$ whose fixed subtree $Fix(G)$ consists of more than one point.

A new approximation to modulation-effect analysis based on empirical mode decomposition

The modulation effect, namely, the amplification or attenuation of near-wall small-scale (SS) structures by outer large-scale (LS) structures, is one of two commonly accepted ways that outer LS turbulent fluctuations can influence near-wall ones. Mode decomposition based on filtering is widely used to analyze the modulation effect. In the present study, a new approximation is proposed based on empirical mode decomposition (EMD) to investigate the aforementioned amplitude modulation effect. Both methods are used, and their results are compared for two-point and single-point analyses. It has been shown that the LS and SS signals that are decomposed by filtering and EMD follow identical paths. Despite the similarities of the signals, the suggested method exhibits a slightly higher correlation coefficient R compared to the method based on filtering for the two-point analysis. For the one-point analysis, however, the suggested method gives a rational correlation coefficient for the one-point analysis compared to the two-point analysis, while the existing method seems far from giving a rational correlation coefficient value, which is too low compared to that of the two-point analysis. The suggested method is relevant to many recent studies that questioned the reliability of calculating the correlation coefficient with the existing method. The variation of R for identical signals extends the discussion of the correlation-coefficient calculations to the very first process, namely, obtaining LS and SS data from the original signal.

المتخيل والتاريخ:, قراءة في روايتي "مذنبون لون دمهم في كفي" و"كولونيل الزبربر" لـ "الحبيب السائح"

This Study Aims To Look For The Role Of The Imaginary In Establishing A New Relationship Between The Reader And History, Thanks To The Novel's Ability To Restore Awareness Of What Has Happened In The Past, The Novels Of The Algerian Writer Elhabib Sayeh (Modibon Lawno Damihim Fi Kaffi) And (Colonel Zubarber) Address This Subject By Dealing With Two Important Periods In The Contemporary History Of Algeria. By Investing The Most Important Questions Raised In Both Versions, The First Questioned The Period Of The Ordeal And Raised The Question Of Violence Between History And Religion, Or A Conflict Between The Narrative Of The Revolution And That Of Terrorism, It Also Addressed The Role Of Violence In Changing The Identity Path, The Second Has Given Us A Narrative Revolution From A New Perspective, The Receiver Again Asks Questions About What Happened, And Focused On The Role Of Historical Memory In The Development Of The Notion Of Identity. This Reading Invests What Has Been Achieved By Research In The Field Of The Relationship Of The Novel With History, Because Narration Is The Element That Drives This Relationship And Weaves It. Keywords : Imaginary, History, Narration, Identity, Memory, Violence.

An Energy-Efficient Current-Starved Inverter Based Strong Physical Unclonable Function With Enhanced Temperature Stability

As burgeoning hardware security primitive, physical unclonable function (PUF) has aroused the interest of solid-state circuit community on its efficient integration into security-critical applications. This paper presents an energy efficient implementation of classic arbiter PUF design. Current-starved (CS) inverters are inserted at the inputs of each multiplexer cell to reduce the skew and widen the distribution of the delay difference between two symmetric daisy-chained delay paths selectable by the input challenge. The CS-inverters are biased at the zero temperature coefficient (ZTC) point, making the accumulated delays of the two identical paths insensitive to temperature variations. A symmetric two RS latches based arbiter is proposed to overcome the asymmetric input and clock to the output propagation delay of D flip-flop and the metastability problem of RS latch arbiter. By limiting the drain currents of CS-inverters to achieve ZTC, the power consumption of the proposed PUF is also reduced substantially. The performance of the proposed PUF design has been successfully validated by the responses measured from prototype chips fabricated in standard 65 nm CMOS process. The fabricated chips feature a compact silicon area of 3838 μm 2 and low energy consumption of 2.74 pJ per bit at 25 Mbps, with measured uniqueness of 46.8% and native bit error rate (BER) of 0.8%. It is worst-case BER is less than 10.46% measured over an extended ~7× temperature range and ~5× supply voltage range. These physically measured figures of merit have outperformed previously reported measurements of strong PUFs with similar linear additive delay architecture.

Fatigue Crack Growth in Austenitic Stainless Steel: Effects of Phase Shifted Loading and Crack Paths

In this study, the cyclic crack growth behavior of biaxially loaded cruciform specimens is investigated and compared with an uniaxially loaded cruciform specimen together with the Paris law to detect differences between uniaxial and multiaxial experiments and to understand the occuring mechanisms. The tests are performed on a planar‐biaxial test system and a stress ratio of R = 0.1. Biaxial loading takes place both in‐phase as well as out‐of‐phase, after an initial technical crack is generated, whereby the phase shift loading leads to a constantly changing biaxial force ratio . The crack path curved after changing from in‐phase to out‐of‐phase loading and subsequently the cracks grow straight again. Both cracks of each specimen have an almost identical crack path indicating a symmetrical stress distribution on the specimen. The calculation of the stress intensity factor range for the curved crack path is done by FE‐calculations.

Identity and ideological reading paths in the conflict and developments

Ideology and identification is one of the main and big subjects nowadays, especially after the ideology specified the ideology and main nationality identification existence by process which leads to Replacement and paddlefish of ideology existence rather than identification , while ideology makes so much efforts ( intellectual and beliefs efforts ) to solve century problems and presents mental and intellectual developments which characterized by realism in such disturbed and Dispersion world in political, social, economic factions and dominated by cases of conflict and chaos . Identification seeks to connect the individual similarities participating in the land, history and real affiliation, which tend to personal fulfillment of humanity in its social and cultural frame and confirms his affiliation root. But while that facing the impact of ideological conflict which aims to achieve an intellectual image and adopts cultures and ideas from another civilization might disagree with identification characteristics existence. Ideology trying to dismantling in all Civilization and national directions, as well as seeks to Skepticism of identification with its ideological features while the weakness of the Factors affiliation , the local organizations , National parties and Religious institutions and their branches in its special directions . Which lead to the disability of resists the ideological Invasion weather is was local, regional or global. But despites of the some ideologies presents humanitarian and reformative theses .In different political shapes and frames still mainly defending to the Elements of existence which resulting the ideological conflict – identificational despite of that both of them have weakness in its Staff fundamental parts thus the ideology Remain to protect the benefits of the interests of the political elite and leaders while facing Cases of rejection and acceptance in social circles . Whereas the main nationality identification went through a conflict with sub-identification ,Sectarianism and loyalty instead of main identification or the national identification and from that description we can conclude that the conflicts and its pathways are continuous in such a world full of existence and hegemony and superiority .

On the synergy between physical and virtual sheet metal testing: calibration of anisotropic yield functions using a microstructure-based plasticity model

This paper scrutinizes in detail the synergy between physical and virtual testing of the mechanical response of sheet metal. In this context, physical testing refers to the usage of physical samples onto which mechanical tests are conducted, while virtual testing refers to multi-scale plasticity simulations onto a model representation of the metallic microstructure derived from microstructural measurement. An extensive experimental campaign was conducted to capture the plastic material response of mild steel sheet in the first quadrant of the biaxial stress space, i.e. for tensile stresses along the Rolling Direction (RD) and Transverse Direction (TD). The experimental data was acquired using state-of-the-art stress-controlled material tests enabling to probe the material up to large plastic strains in the first quadrant of stress space. Identical stress paths were simulated using the Virtual Experimentation Framework (VEF) software suite adopting the ALAMEL multi-scale plasticity model. The ALAMEL model was calibrated solely on the basis of the initial crystallographic texture of the material and a reference hardening curve obtained through a uniaxial tensile test in the rolling direction. The predictive accuracy of the ALAMEL model to reproduce the experimentally acquired material response has been thoroughly assessed. To avoid any bias in the assessment due to extrapolation of the material behavior, predictions were limited to the pre-necking regime of the material. The predictions of the VEF show good agreement with the physical test results. Subsequently, the experimental and virtual test data were used to calibrate Hill’s quadratic yield criterion and the Yld2000-2d yield function. The calibration accuracy of these yield criteria is thoroughly assessed by comparing theoretical predictions and experimental data. In addition, the calibrated yield functions are used to simulate a hydraulic bulge test and the results are compared with experimental observations. It is shown that the adopted virtual material testing procedure has reached a sufficient level of maturity to potentially serve as a viable alternative for physical material testing of steel sheet.

Place identity, autobiographical memory and life path trajectories: The development of a place-time-identity model

The ability to remember, recognize and reconstruct places is a key component of episodic autobiographical memory. In this respect, place forms an essential basis for the unfolding of experiences in memory and imagination. The autobiographical memory is seen to contribute to a sense of self and place identity.The aim of this study was to concertedly analyze paintings, autobiographical narrations and places of birth and life of clients under treatment at a psychiatric clinic in Switzerland who were manifesting psychiatric disorders, e.g. depression, anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder, personality disorder, substance dependence, and dementia.Each client exhibited distinctive attitudes and approaches towards life characterized by unique personal mental constructs for living in given places of time episodes that worked towards shaping the development of their identities as well as the development of their health. For these clients, place and time function together to leave a mark, a trajectory, that can hinder or help the resolution of a psychiatric condition. Based on six representative cases, we illustrate how each painting, each biographical narration and each interview reveals deeper structures of individual perception, emotions, feelings, coping strategies, and capacities to reflect and identify with place-time trajectories.Based on this analysis, a place-time-identity model has been developed, which emphasizes the importance of narration, the structure of personality, and emotional experiences in the development of the ‘relay station’ of episodic autobiographical memory, self and autonoetic consciousness: these three elements are not only connected through their embeddedness in time, but also through their embeddedness in place. In this context, place provides an external fundus of memory, capable of supporting humans in healthy recollection and remembering. The process of placing appears to contribute to the creation of self-esteem and identity. This psycho-geographical place-life-time approach is contrasted to phenomenological place-space-time theories of Husserl, Heidegger, Bachelard, and Sloterdijk.

Many-particle interferometry and entanglement by path identity

We introduce a general scheme of many-particle interferometry in which two identical sources are used and ``which-way information'' is eliminated by making the paths of one or more particles identical (path identity). The scheme allows us to generate many-particle entangled states. We provide general forms of these states and show that they can be expressed as superpositions of various Dicke states. We illustrate cases in which the scheme produces maximally entangled two-qubit states (Bell states) and maximally three-tangled states (three-particle Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger-class states). A striking feature of the scheme is that the entangled states can be manipulated without interacting with the entangled particles; for example, it is possible to switch between two distinct Bell states. Furthermore, each entangled state corresponds to a set of many-particle interference patterns. The visibility of these patterns and the amount of entanglement in a quantum state are connected to each other. The scheme also allows us to change the visibility and the amount of entanglement without interacting with the entangled particles and, therefore, has the potential to play an important role in quantum information science.

Single-port laparoscopic herniorrhaphy using a two-hooked cannula device with hydrodissection

BackgroundLaparoscopic percutaneous extraperitoneal closure (LPEC) with variable devices seems to be one of the most simple and reliable methods. We described our modifications of single-port laparoscopic herniorrhaphy using an inner two-hooked cannula device with preperitoneal hydrodissection. Patients and methods1568 children with 2114 inguinal hernias were treated by single-port LPEC. Under laparoscopic visualization, the two-hooked cannula device carrying a silk suture was inserted at the point of the internal ring and could be readily kept in an identical path. The hernia orifice was completely lassoed extraperitoneally by the suture with the assistance of hydrodissection. Any huge hernias of more than 1.5 cm were repaired with the incorporation of medial umbilical fold flap as reinforcement. ResultsAll hernia repairs were successfully performed by LPEC. 1022 patients had unilateral inguinal hernia repair, and 546 patients underwent bilateral inguinal hernia repair. Of these, additional medial umbilical flap reinforcement was necessary in 68 cases, and an assisted grasping instrument was used in 19 cases owing to omental adhesion or sliding hernia. Mean operating times for unilateral and bilateral inguinal hernia repairs were 9.8 ± 2.1 min and 13.6 ± 2.2 min, respectively. There were no operative complications. Two recurrences and three hydroceles were observed during 6 to 30 months of follow-up. ConclusionsOne-puncture LPEC using the two-hooked cannula device with preperitoneal hydrodissection has proved to be a safe and effective procedure with excellent cosmetic results. Level of evidenceIV

Comparison of weighted and unweighted network analysis in the case of a pig trade network in Northern Germany

The analysis of trade networks as well as the spread of diseases within these systems focuses mainly on pure animal movements between farms. However, additional data included as edge weights can complement the informational content of the network analysis. However, the inclusion of edge weights can also alter the outcome of the network analysis. Thus, the aim of the study was to compare unweighted and weighted network analyses of a pork supply chain in Northern Germany and to evaluate the impact on the centrality parameters. Five different weighted network versions were constructed by adding the following edge weights: number of trade contacts, number of delivered livestock, average number of delivered livestock per trade contact, geographical distance and reciprocal geographical distance. Additionally, two different edge weight standardizations were used. The network observed from 2013 to 2014 contained 678 farms which were connected by 1,018 edges. General network characteristics including shortest path structure (e.g. identical shortest paths, shortest path lengths) as well as centrality parameters for each network version were calculated. Furthermore, the targeted and the random removal of farms were performed in order to evaluate the structural changes in the networks. All network versions and edge weight standardizations revealed the same number of shortest paths (1,935). Between 94.4 to 98.9% of the unweighted network and the weighted network versions were identical. Furthermore, depending on the calculated centrality parameters and the edge weight standardization used, it could be shown that the weighted network versions differed from the unweighted network (e.g. for the centrality parameters based on ingoing trade contacts) or did not differ (e.g. for the centrality parameters based on the outgoing trade contacts) with regard to the Spearman Rank Correlation and the targeted removal of farms. The choice of standardization method as well as the inclusion or exclusion of specific farm types (e.g. abattoirs) can alter the results significantly. These facts have to be considered when centrality parameters are to be used for the implementation of prevention and control strategies in the case of an epidemic.