Ibn Battuta Research Articles

Islamic Medievalism and Mobility in Mathias Énard's Street of Thieves

ABSTRACTSet against the backdrop of the Arab Spring uprisings, Jihadist extremism, and the neoliberal exploitation of the Global South, Mathias Énard's 2012 novel Street of Thieves (Rue des voleurs) follows the fortunes of Lakhdar, a young man from Tangier who finds himself living as an undocumented migrant in Barcelona's notorious Carrer d’En Robador, the Street of Thieves. Lakhdar's misadventures are shaped by regional and global forces which have compelled Moroccan nationals to seek political and economic asylum in Mediterranean Europe. Although Street of Thieves is strikingly contemporary, this essay explores the novel's medievalism: its contrasting of the grim present with the premodern Islamic world as an era of sophistication, mobility and cultural exchange. The essay focuses on Lakhdar's preoccupation with his fellow Tangier native Ibn Battuta, the fourteenth‐century traveler and writer whose life becomes a frame through which Lakhdar views his own. It argues that contrary to the current tendency to view Ibn Battuta's world as a precursor to modern globalised culture, Énard's novel invokes cosmopolitan Islamic premodernity to comment on the turmoil of the modern Islamosphere and the harm done to the Islamicate world by Western neo‐colonialism and neoliberalism.

Ibnu Battuta, Moroccan Explorer and Contributor to Geography in Indonesia

Ibn Battuta was a famous Muslim traveler and jurist in the 14th century because he was known as the greatest adventurer of pre-modern times. The story of his fantastic journey made the Western world respect him as the "Marco Polo of the Muslim World". Ibn Battuta was also a famous Arab poet of his time with his adventures to various corners of the world. The method used in this research is literature study, namely by adjusting research variables to research that is relevant to this study. The results of the research show that the traces of his travel steps have become proof of his reliability as a traveler. One of his works which contains the story of his journey is written in his work entitled Tuḥfatun iNuẓẓār ifī iGharāʾibil iAmṣār iwa iAjāʾibil Asfār which was compiled by Ibnu Juzay, but is often simply called Ar-Rihlah Ibnu Battuta. In his work, Ibnu Battuta wrote down various things he encountered in every city or region he visited, so that he could observe and understand every socio-cultural condition of the local people themselves. With the many places he has visited, it is no longer surprising that he has made a major contribution to various sciences, especially geography, because it was the journey he undertook that ultimately opened up new travel routes and introduced that humans living in this world have a diversity of cultures and social conditions. - particularly in Indonesia, the contribution of this research is to describe Ibn Battuta's journey so that it can become a study and example for all readers in social life.

THE ROLE OF ISLAMIC DA'WAH AND THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SHARIA ON THE EXISTENCE OF MUSLIMS IN THE MALDIVES ISLANDS PAST AND PRESENT

Writing this article aims to explain the development of Islamic da'wah in the Maldives Islands, which is unique and rarely found in other Muslim regions. So far, the Maldives is only known as a tourist spot. It is rarely known that all of the Maldives adhere to Islam. The British have also ruled the Maldives for 78 years, influencing the Maldives to some extent. What is the form of da'wah carried out by Abu al-Barakat, whose origins are still debated by historians? But what is clear is that he had a significant influence on the spread of Islam in the Maldives Islands, which is corroborated by classical sources such as the text attributed to Ibn Battuta and several contemporary books. We conducted a literature study on this paper, with a historical approach, by collecting data, verifying and analyzing the data thoroughly, and rewriting the results of the analysis inductively in a qualitative descriptive form. Islam spread in the Maldives peacefully without violence and continues to survive from Christian missionaries and Shiite sects who come to spread their views. Scholars say about the fiqh theory that faith in conscience will not be changed by the sins and heresies it commits.

Translation: a Fundamental Diplomatic Bridge between China and the Arab World in Light of the GCI—Translating ‘Ibn Battuta’s Journey’ A Case Study

This research paper examines the role of the Global Civilisation Initiative (GCI) on the connection between China and the Arab world, along with the challenges that both parties may face in its implementation. This paper demonstrates that cultural diplomacy, which has been and still is the core aspect of the relations between China and the Arab world, started since its inception. Moreover, it points out the roles of cultural mediation as a form of cultural diplomacy between the two parties, especially its present and future responsibilities in achieving cultural exchange between the Arab and Chinese civilisations, especially after the launch of the GCI. In this framework, translation will take on more duties, and will come as the most persuasive instance of the vitality of cultural translation and its function of rejuvenating cultural exchange and fostering the spirit of coexistence between the Chinese and the Arab side. The method of study carried out in this research is a descriptive analytical approach which would match the objectives of the study, and the paper concludes with the findings and future recommendations that it believes would contribute to the improvement of translation between the Arabic and Chinese languages in line with the GCI.

In Awe of the Holy City: Mecca in the Eyes of Five Medieval Travellers

This paper elaborates and analyses the situation of Mecca between the 11th to 16th centuries based on travel accounts of five medieval travellers: Ibn Khusraw (1004–1072), Ibn Jubayr (1145–1217), Ibn Battuta (1304–1369), Ma Huan (1380–1460) and di Varthema (1470–1512). Moreover, by thoroughly consulting primary sources scored by above-mentioned travellers and other relevant secondary sources, this study aims to ascertain the importance of Mecca, in the given period, in the eye of Muslims and non-Muslim travellers. As the holiest city in Islam, which is also associated with Muslim religious pilgrimages, Mecca has a long and intriguing history throughout the ages. Furthermore, more often than not, during the medieval period, the pilgrimages to Mecca, which are usually conducted during the Islamic month of Dzulhijjah, were haunted by challenges and dangers posed by natural and social environments in and around Mecca, thus made the journey experiences of above-mentioned travellers all the more challenging, precious and memorable. However, at the end of the day, their hardships paid off and their praises proclaimed since they found themselves drenched in joy and in awe of the beauty and greatness of the Holy City. This research uses historical methodology, focusing on primary texts written by the five pilgrims mentioned above. This study provides a more comprehensive picture of the condition of the Holy City of Mecca in the era under study.

이븐 주바이르와 이븐 바투타의 여행기에 나타난 12-14세기 순례의 경로와 절차

This study examines the characteristics of Rihla Literature and analyzes the works of Ibn Jubayr and Ibn Battuta in the Middle Ages to find out the route of Hajj, the appearance of Mecca, and the procedure of Hajj in the 12th-14th centuries Medieval Muslim traveled to various destinaions, and their records led to the development of “Rihla literature.” These works are evaluated as important historical sources. This study aims to examine the appearance of medieval Hajj through the analysis of the works of two representative writers. Through the analysis, this study finds the Hajj routes, the adversities they experienced, the appearance of the Mecca at the time, and pilgrimage procedures.

Reconstruction of The Historical Landscape of Colombo with Archaeological References

There are several theories as to how the name 'Colombo' came to be. During the Middle Ages, it was known as 'Kolontota' in Sinhala and 'Calenbo' by the Arabs. The Chinese explorer Chan-ta-yuan referred to Colombo as 'Kolanapu,' a hot swampy city, in the 14th century, and the Arab explorer Ibn Battuta, who visited Ceylon in the same century, described Colombo as a beautiful, large city. Researchers of the present study adopted the mixed approach to accomplish the previously explained research objective which was setting a proper reconstruction of the historical landscape of Colombo with archaeological references. The research was conducted with the support extended by the National Museum and the survey department in Sri Lanka. Researchers went through all the maps and archaeological landscape evidence mentioned in previous archaeological research like Archaeological Geophysics. The results were listed down as periodical landscape changes and how the changes happened vertically from the Colombo prehistoric era until the Kotte period, Colombo during the Portuguese period, Colombo's landscape at the conclusion of the Portuguese period, and Colombo's Dutch period.

Золотая Орда глазами современников и очевидцев

The purpose of the study: To show how the Golden Horde was seen – its population, its way of life, appearances, occupations – by representatives of the European (Catholic) and Eastern (Muslim) worlds. Their impressions, set out in the corresponding narratives, not only created the image of this state, but also influenced later ideas about the peoples who inhabited the eastern steppes – “Tartaria”. Research materials: The main source on the history of the Golden Horde/Ulus of Jochi are the narrative works of medieval European and Arab-Persian authors. Most eastern narrativist writers had never visited the territory of this state. They drew their information either from the stories of traveling merchants and envoys, or from the writings of their predecessors in compilations. In this regard, the narratives created by Europeans, from the point of view of source studies, differ favorably from the Arab-Persian ones not only in their information content, but also in the directness of its transmission. Research results and scientific novelty: Almost all the narratives known to us related to the Golden Horde were created for political purposes. Accordingly, their content reflects precisely the political, military and dynastic history of this state. Those few authors who had the opportunity to observe the life of the Golden Horde with their own eyes and from the inside – Plano Carpini, Guillaume (Willem) Rubruk, Marco Polo, Ibn Battuta – recorded approximately the same things in their notes, namely that “Tatars” were nomads who fed on the products of cattle breeding and hunting, were unpretentious in everyday life, unpretentious in clothing, formally Muslims but in fact dual-religionists since they preserved pagan remnant traditions of nomads. It is almost impossible to establish the scale of urbanization of the Golden Horde from these narratives. Thus, from the point of view of historical source study, the available material objectively forms three main empirical directions in the study of the Golden Horde, each of which has its own subject, without intersecting and practically without interacting with each other: the archeology of the Golden Horde nomads, the archeology of settlements (cities), and socio-political history. Therefore, the modern presentation of the history of the Golden Horde has the character of essays which will evidently persist for quite a long time.

The image of the Golden Horde womens in the notes of an Arab traveler Ibn Battuta

This article discusses the image of the woman of the Golden Horde in the description of the Arab traveler Ibn Battuta, who visited the headquarters of the Golden Horde ruler Uzbek Khan in 1334. The author focuses on the view of the Arab traveler to the attitude of the Jochids towards their women and the effective use of their potential in the politics and public life of the state. Information is given in which the traveler tells in detail about the meeting with women and assesses the status of the women of the ruling elite of the Golden Horde, who left their mark on the development of the country.
 For citation: Sayfetdinova E.G. The image of the Golden Horde womens in the notes of an Arab traveler Ibn Battuta. From History and Culture of Peoples of the Middle Volga Region. vol.13, no.4, pp.10–17. https://doi.org/10.22378/2410-0765.2023-13-4.10-17 (In Russian)

TRANSLATION OF HISTORICAL FIGURES’ NAMES IN THE “TRAVELOGUE” BY IBN BATTUTA

Nationalism and original words are important in translating a historical work. Specific words are an integral part of the language of the work, with the help of which the author creates the image of the hero, describing the nationality of the people. They express the national flavour of a work of art, perform various stylistic functions, and help to accurately and precisely describe the nature of events and objects. That is why realities are aspects of literary-historical translation that torment the translators, complicate translation and often confuse them. There is also the assignment of personal names and nicknames when translating historical works into national words. The following article deals with “A Masterpiece to Those Who Contemplate the Wonders of Cities”, and “The Marvels of Travelling (the article is called "Journey") of the famous Arab traveller Ibn Battuta. It provides information on historical figures’ names in the original Arabic language; the translations into Turkish by Akhmat Said Aykut and Uzbek by Nematilla Ibrakhimov and Russian languages by Igor Timofey.

Сентимент-анализ средневековых арабских письменных памятников на примере «Путешествия» (al-Riḥla) Ибн Баттуты

The article is devoted to testing the method of automatic calculation of the emotional characteristics of contexts on textual examples from «Tuḥfat al-nuẓẓār fī ġarā’ib al-amṣār wa ‘ajā’ib al-asfār» by Ibn Battuta. The study is one of the first attempts to examine the emotional coloring of medieval Arabic texts using this method, originally developed for the study of modern media content. To determine the tone of the text, the CAMeL Tools algorithm was applied to analise the contexts from the document containing references to Christians. Manual verification of the results obtained using the algorithm demonstrated a fairly high degree of efficiency of this algorithm for the analysis of the medieval Arabic text, since the tone was correctly determined in 72 % of the contexts. The study showed that the emotional coloring of the contexts about Christians (naṣа̄rа̄) in Ibn Battuta’s text is neutral in most cases. Further training of the neural network on the corpus of medieval texts and improving the efficiency of the algorithm will make it applicable to large amounts of data for the purpose of determining the emotional coloring of lexemes numbering hundreds and thousands of word usages.

Rukun Kifayah Islam (RKI) Masjid Agung Ibnu Batutah Kompleks Puja Mandala sebagai Ikatan Sosial Keagamaan Masyarakat Multikultural

The people around the Puja Mandala complex are religious people who respect each other, the congregation of the Great Ibn Battuta mosque also plays an important role as a forming medium that can reflect the general public the importance of the value of harmony in pluralistic life. As a commitment to maintaining harmony and an attitude of religious tolerance, the efforts made by the Great Mosque of Ibn Battuta include maintaining personal and institutional relationships with other religious parties. This is very important because religious leaders become role models in attitude. This study uses descriptive qualitative research methods using Functionalism Theory, Multiculturalism Theory, and Organizational Theory. The results of this study reveal that the plural society in the Puja Mandala complex has good communication relations, especially between Muslims and non-Muslims who maintain harmony with each other as a form of religious harmony.

PENGARUH SULTAN MALIK AS SHALIH TERHADAP KESULTANAN SAMUDERA PASAI (1297-1326 M)

The Article discusses the early history of the development of islam in the islamic sultanate of samudera pasai and discusses the life of samudera pasai during the literature study. Samudera pasai was the first area visited by arab traders and from this region the spread throughout the archipelago. During the leadership of sultan malik as shalih Samudera Pasai played an important role in the advancement of the sultane Samudera Pasai. Based on domestic and foreign sources as will as pasai’s historiography, this paper attempts to describe the islamization process of samudera pasai. Based on the narrative of ibn Battuta, a maroccon travel who visited pasai, it can be seen that some aspects of islam that have been implemented have become an inseparable part of life, in this muslim kingdom. Keywords: Samudera Pasai, Islam, Sultan Malik As Shalih

Https://habibiaislamicus.com/index.php/hirj/article/view/264

The story is a form of human expression that is very likable to the soul, and it manifests the various attitudes and emotions, by recounting a particular incident, in a manner that attracts people in their deliberations and conversations. The story is not new in our Literature, the Arabs in Pre-Islamic Period were commonly using it in their councils and in their spare time, such as refereeing for their wars and heroism, infect these stories were aimless and purposeless, as they were only for spare time. And they narrate them on different themes & topics. After the emergence and spread of Islam, the story became purposeful and aim full. The first aim was to take good ethical lessons from these stories especially of old and previous nations, for examples stories of the Allah’s Prophets, or unjust kings like Pharaoh, Qarun, and Shaddad And the story of Joseph peace be upon him from which we take love and innocence, and stories of Paradise and hell, and stories of the owners of hells. Since then, they benefit writers with different types of stories in their literary products such as trips and speeches. Among them were the nomadic writers who have made the story a method and a way to express their feelings and emotions and accidents witnessed in their journeys. In this brief research I will talk about the storytelling style in the Hijazi trips such as Ibn Jubayr, Ibn al-Abdari, Ibn Battuta's trip to Hijaz and other ancient and modern journeys. The research is divided into the following main points: 1. Methodology of Hijaz trips. 2. The narrative tendency in the Hijazi trips. 3. Conclusions and recommendations

RELIGIOUS FEATURES IN THE BOOK TUHFAT AL-NAZZAR

Tuhfat Al-Nazzar is one of the most famous travel books in history. Ibn Battuta known for his travels, and because of his global fame, he called the Prince of Muslim Travellers. Ibn Battuta started this journey from his hometown Tangiers; He intended to make the pilgrimage to the Sacred House of God, and he took a friend in every city, who told about him and his city. The period of his travels was estimated to be approximately thirty years, and he dictated to “Ibn Jazi al-Kalbi” the details and anecdotes of those trips. Ibn Battuta excelled in the art of description and reached a high degree never before, and from this description appeared his fame in the field of travel literature. Ibn Battuta was not satisfied with the external description of the places that he visited, but he also elaborated on the entrances and exits of cities and the natures of the different peoples with whom he lived. He listed many interesting stories and mentioned several religious features; whether Islamic or other religions of different peoples that he passed through his travels. From this, derive the subject of this research entitled: Religious features in the book Tuhfat Al-Nazzar. The importance of this topic is to read the religious aspects that Ibn Battuta dealt with in his book Tuhfat al-Nazzar, where he mentioned some holy places and religious figures, Islamic, pagan, and others. This research specified in the book: "The Masterpiece of the Priests in the Oddities of the Cities and the Wonders of the Travels". In addition, this research aims to highlight the religious features included in the book Tuhfat Al-Nazzar were in Arab or foreign peoples of all kinds

اللسانیات التواصلیة وأدب الرحلات الرقمیة (تحفة النَّظارة فی عجائب الإمارة نموذجا)

نعيش في عصر يستخدم التکنولوجيا وسائل التواصل للتواصل وللتعبير في کافة نواحي الحياة بشکل جعل التکنولوجيا الإلکترونية (الرقمية) عمودا فقريا للحياة ؛ ومن هنا ظهر الأدب الرقمي ممثلا لعصره خير تمثيل بمستحدثاته العصرية الحياتية ، ومن ثم جاءت هذه الدراسة محاولة إلقاء الضوء على ذلک الأدب العصري من خلال الدرس اللساني المعاصر ،وذلک من خلال التطبيق على أحد الأجناس الأدبية الرقمية ( أدب الرحلات الرقمي ) تطبيقا على تحفة النظارة في عجائب الإمارة - رحلة ابن بطوطة إلى دبي المحروسة - للمؤلف محمد سناجلة حيث تعد أول أدب رحلات رقمي بالعالم .فجاءت الدراسة بعنوان :( اللسانيات التواصلية و أدب الرحلات الرقمية تحفة النظارة في عجائب الإمارة نموذجا ). وقد جاءت الدراسة في مقدمة وثلاثة مباحث عالج المبحث الأول منها : اللسانيات التواصلية وأدب الرحلات الرقمي :المفهوم وإشکالية المصطلح ، وتناول المبحث الثاني: أدب الرحلات الرقمي وعلاقات النص الموازي ،أما المبحث الثالث فتناول خصائص السرد الرقمي وتقنياته في ضوء لسانيات التواصل في أدب الرحلة الرقمي (تحفة النظارة في عجائب الإمارة - رحلة ابن بطوطة إلى دبي نموذجا) ، ثم جاءت الخاتمة بأهم النتائج والتوصيات. Abstract Digital literature has emerged as the best representation of its era with its modern life developments, because we live in an era that uses technology / digital and the means of communication to express and communicate in all aspects of life. Hence, this study was an attempt to shed light on that digital literature through the contemporary linguistic lesson, by applying it to one of the digital literary genres (digital travel literature) as an application to “The Spectacle Masterpiece in the Wonders of the Emirate - Ibn Battuta’s Journey to Dubai Al-Mahrousa -” by the author Muhammad Sanajila. The study entitled: (Communication linguistics and digital travel literature, a masterpiece of spectacles in the wonders of the emirate, as a model). The study came in an introduction and three topics that dealt with the first topic, including: communicative linguistics and digital travel literature: the concept and problematic of the term, and the second topic dealt with digital travel literature and parallel text relations, and the third topic dealt with the characteristics and techniques of digital narration in light of the linguistics of communication in digital travel literature ( Spectacles masterpiece in the wonders of the emirate - Ibn Battuta trip to Dubai as a model), then came the conclusion with the most important findings and recommendations.

BURTON’S JOURNEY AND IBN BATTUTA’S JOURNEY: A COMPARATIVE STUDY

A person has been known to not reside on earth since he was on this modest, moving from one place to another, for various purposes, which may be in search of food or for fear of natural disasters, or out of love to travel. And the Muslim Arab travelers have a clear purpose from their trips, represented in the pilgrimage to the Sacred House of God and visiting the grave of the Prophet, may peace and blessings be upon him, and among them are those who came back through new roads and other countries, and some of them followed his path exploring worlds and regions different from their predecessors, as Ibn Battuta, Burton and others did. Each of them has taken the Holy Land as the focus of study and the place of the journey. This research topic was derived from the title: Burton’s Journey and Ibn Battuta’s Journey: A Comparative Study The topic is important in that it is a comparative process. As it is a reading of two books on one topic, travel literature by their two authors, which are considered one of the most important basic references known to the art of the journey among the Arabs. The limits of the study are represented in Burton's book entitled: "Burton's Journey to Egypt and the Hijaz" and Ibn Battuta's Journey: "A Masterpiece of the Principals in the Strange of Places and Wonders of Travel." This research aims to study two journeys in which it includes important aspects of Arab, Islamic and foreign life in its various aspects, whether it is political, social, religious, intellectual or literary, indicating aspects of agreement and difference between the two trips. The researcher also seeks to identify what distinguishes each trip from the other, in terms of the influence and influence between the two trips Keywords: Journey, Burton, Ibn Battuta, Egypt, Hijaz, Comparison.

THE ROLE OF THE INTERACTIVE NOVEL IN MAKING THE DISCOURSE ON TOURISM

Travel literature is one of the narratives that the Arabs knew in the past, as it is a historical, geographic and visionary representation of others. The trip works on education. This is what the interactive text Ibn Battuta’s Journey to Dubai Al-Mahrousa by Muhammad Snagleh evokes in intertextuality with Ibn Battuta’s Journey, a Masterpiece of Overseers in the Oddities of the Regions and the Wonders of Travel by Ibn Battuta. If the latter travelled around the countries, the interactive text goes towards anticipating the future time in 2051, to read about the economic and political aspects in Dubai only. This research paper seeks to present a reading that combines the aesthetics of the interactive text with the tourist discourse. To what extent does interactive creativity contribute to the development of tourism? What are the possibilities offered by the blue screen for developing ancient narratives according to a modernist perspective? As for the curriculum, it is the systemic approach and interactive criticism. As so, the research is divided into two sections: 1 - The journey from paper to digital: Snagleh’s digital text consists of three units: the body text and its hyperlinks of a video, including images and sounds, and a pure interactive text for the reader's creativity and interactive participation in a two-track virtual journey. These are either directed to Ibn Battuta himself as a story and paper character, or send to the author of flesh and blood (i.e: Snagleh), editing the experience of the trip to Dubai or writing a comment or opinion. This is one of the suggested images of the interaction between the recipient and the text. 2. The Unsaid in the Discourse on Tourism: Snagleh diversified between spaces by highlighting its merits, and facilitating the means of transportation by air, sea and land. These options increase the persuasive power, and although Dubai is the glass civilization, Snagleh dazzles by showing the cultural coexistence between nationalities. However, he did not realize the overwhelming foreign presence among the natives. Thus, Snagleh’s novel can be counted as a cultural text, the implications of which can be read. Snagleh didn’t use Ibn Battuta as a paper figure as in Barthes’ terms, but as a sufficience. It is a strategic tourist guide, promoting Gulf tourism in Dubai by attracting the recipient with paintings and icons. Hence, literature is no longer a marginal product, but rather an economic industry that moves the wheel of sustainable development and increases its civilization incomes.

THE NARRATIVE ART OF THE DESCRIPTION OF SULTANS AND KINGS AT IBN BATTUTA: DESCRIPTIVE ANALYTICAL STUDY

The travel literature is the literature in which the author describes what happened to him during his travels, while providing an accurate description of peoples' customs and traditions that differ, from one people to another. The travels continued unabated during the times, until the appearance of the journey of the traveler's imam in the Arab world Ibn Battuta, the greatest Muslim traveler, as we know who is distinguished by his journey with a lot of knowledge it contains. It follows from this journey, the subject of this research, entitled "The narrative art of the description of sultans and kings at ibn Battuta: descriptive analytical study" This work aims to demonstrate the existence of the stories of sultans and kings in the journey of Ibn Battuta and to consider the book of the journey of ibn Battuta an important reference in the description of lifestyles, traditions, values and the arts of society, as well as a science that deals with the analysis and interpretation of the cultural situation of society. It is worth mentioning that Ibn Battuta’s trip is one of the sources of historical science, which recounts the events he witnessed during the succession of sultans and wars, as he was very interested in the Description of the areas visited and having greatly contributed to the sciences of geography and cartography. Ibn Battuta’s journey helped broaden the horizons of man and his acquaintances by attempting to paint a clear picture of the social and geographical reality and the most important scenes he has attempted to describe, as well as part of his autobiography by telling everything about him during his trip. Sometimes this cynical and light approach can be a treat for grief and psychological pain. The trip portrays an old image of history in which elements such as storytelling, dialogue, description, etc., combine pleasure and interest

An unknown Roman bridge on sangarius and ancient road system around it

Not only do road systems serve dominance claims, but they also occupy a vital place as a power instrument. Road systems, made use of, at war, through transportation of army, are also an indispensable instrument for trade network as well as taking the existence of state back of the beyond. In this context, Roman Empire, while generating one of the most important elements for humankind, was able to take its influence, through these road nets constituted by bridges and milestone, to the lands dominated. Courier service has great importance for the rendering of power. In Roman period, the main road, from Belgrade via Edirne (Adrianople) to Istanbul strait, had been extending to Izmit (Nikomedia), passing to Anatolia side. Thus, Izmit that, until the establishment of Istanbul (Constantinapole), was the center of Roman Empire in Asia Minor had rendered a service as a first distribution point of Anatolian road system. From there, routes, leading to Black Sea (Phontus) coasts, were covering a distance to the territorial enclaves of Anatolia. Hence, the main road, extending from İzmit to Anatolia, was leading to Iznik (Nikaea) and from there via Osmaneli (Lefke) was bifurcating through Ankara (Ancyra) and Eskişehir (Dorylaion). Milestones, bridges and roads fitted with stones, still existent, have the evidences for this road nets. Sakarya River (Sangarios) was one of the obstacles in the proceeding of the road net reaching to Lefke surroundings. It was extremely hard to cross this ferocious river described as a hell by traveler Ibn Battuta. Romans had built enormous bridges to cross this obstacle dominating the main road. Even though none of these bridges reached today, their remnants have certain clues. The bridge, to which we refer, is located close to Selçik Village encountered at 3 kilometers far from and northwest of Osmaneli province. This bridge, following the milestones, is one of the most important points of main road extending to Anatolia. In this context we have determined another bridge remnant in the same place through our field research. This ultimate bridge, constructed by six arches, three of which is under the water, was devastated by this river. In this study, this bridge, having no records in literature, will be dealt with the road net surrounding it, and the remnants of this road net penetrating into Anatolia will, also, be examined.Keywords: Sangarius, The Pilgrim’s Road, Roman Bridges, Lefke, Roman and Byzantine Roads