Hyperlipidemic Group Research Articles

Antioxidant activities of Celosia argentea Linn and Gongronema latifolium Benth and the antihyperlipidemic effect of the vegetable supplemented diets on fat induced hyperlipidemic rats

The present study investigated the antioxidant activities and antihyperlipidemic effects of varying levels of inclusion of processed green leafy vegetables (Celosia argentea and Gongronema latifolium) on high fat diet-induced hyperlipidemic rats. The antioxidant assay revealed that the unblanched C. argentea had higher total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, DPPH·, ABTS·+, OH· and NO· radical scavenging activities than the blanched Celosia argentea. Conversely, the blanched G. latifolium had higher antioxidant activities than the unblanched G. latifolium. Seventy-five (75) male albino rats of average weight 180 ± 20 g were divided into fifteen (15) groups of five (5) animals each. The rats were fed for 4 weeks on diets specially formulated to contain 5%, 10% and 15% by weight of the leaves of the blanched and unblanched vegetables. lipid profile (TC: total cholesterol, TG: triglycerides, LDL: low density lipoproteins, VLDL: very low density lipoproteins and HDL: high density lipoproteins) and oxidative stress indicators were evaluated. The serum TC, TG, LDL and VLDL which significantly increased (p < 0.0001) in hyperlipidemic control group were significantly decreased (p < 0.05, 0.0001) at all levels of inclusion of the vegetal diets. HDL also increased significantly (p < 0.0001) in groups fed with the vegetal diets. In addition, glutathione peroxidase, reduced glutathione, catalase and superoxide dismutase activities significantly increased (p < 0.05, 0.0001); while TBARS significantly decreased at all levels of inclusion of the vegetal diets. These results suggested that incorporation of C. argentea and G. latifolium into the diet most especially blanched C. argentea and unblanched G. latifolium may have therapeutic potentials in the management of hyperlipidemia and associated complications.

Anti-Hyperlipidemic Activity of Polyphenol-Rich Extract of Cochlospermum Planchonii Roots in Triton x-100 Induced Rats

Cochlospermum planchonii is used for treatment of cardiovascular diseases in Nigeria and in some other African countries. This study investigated the anti-hyperlipidemic activity of polyphenol-rich extract of C. planchonii root in triton X-induced hyperlipidemic rats. Polyphenols were extracted from roots of C. planchonii with 80% aqueous methanol and acetone. Thirty female albino rats were randomized into six groups of five (5) rats each, Group I the non-hyperlipidemic control received saline only, group II the hyperlipidemic group received only saline, group III served as hyperlipidemic rats treated with 10 mg/kg b.w. atorvastatin while group(s) V-VII were hyperlipidemic rats treated with 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg b.w polyphenol-rich extract of C. Planchonii respectively. The effect of the administration of the extract on the serum lipid profile and hematological parameters was investigated. C. planchonii roots contained 47.7 ± 0.23 mg gallic acid equivalent / g dry extract and 49.14 ± 0.23 mg quercetin acid equivalent / g dry extract. Significant (p &lt; 0.05) increase observed in serum total cholesterol, triacylglycerol and low-density lipoprotein with concomitant reduction in high-density lipoprotein concentration were mitigated by the polyphenol-rich extract. No significant changes were observed in the hematological indices of the hyperlipidemic rats at the doses investigated when compared to the control. The results indicated that polyphenol-rich extract of C. planchonii root exhibited anti-hyperlipidemic activity. Thus, it could be promoted as a recipe for protection against hyperlipidemia.

The effect of lipid disturbance and vitamin D on the fertility in male albino rats

ABSTRACT Background: Vitamin D has multiple biological effects on male reproductive system. Vitamin D deficiency (VD−) and disturbance of lipid metabolism can induce changes in testicular hormone production and seminal parameters that relate to male infertility. Objective: To investigate the role of vitamin D and lipid metabolism on fertility in male albino rats. Methods: The study was performed on 60 male rats, divided into 6 groups; GI: control group, GII: orlistat group, GIII: orlistat and vitamin D group, GIV: hyperlipidemic group, GV: hyperlipidemic orlistat group and GVI: hyperlipidemic orlistat and vitamin D group. Serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OHD), testosterone (T), inhibin B, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and estradiol (E) levels were determined. Sperm count and viability were also analyzed. Results: Administration of orlistat in GII caused significant alterations of the serum lipid profile, compared to control group. There was interaction between dietary fat and VD− on serum 25 (OHD). A significant VD− was occurred in both GII and GIV, compared to GI. VD− in these groups consequently caused significant decrease in serum T, inhibin B, sperm count and viability and significant increase in FSH and E levels. Administration of orlistat in GV caused significant changes in serum lipid profile, a decrease in E, increase in 25(OHD) and inhibin B, compared to IV. On the other hand, administration of vitamin D with orlistat in GIII and GVI caused significant increase in HDL-c, 25(OHD), T, sperm count and viability and significant decrease in TC, TG, LDL-c, FSH and E. Conclusion: Both hyperlipidemia and hypolipidemia were associated with vitamin D deficiency. Moreover, vitamin D has a positive potential effect on male fertility in either hyperlipidemic or hypolipidemic rats.

Characterisation and Hypolipidaemic Activity of Phenylquinoline, and Narceine Isolated from Ficus polita Leaf

Aim: To evaluate hypolipidaemic potentials of column chromatography fractions (F1 to F6) of the chloroform leaf extract of Ficus polita and to detect the bioactive compounds present in the most active fraction using spectroscopic techniques.&#x0D; Study Design: Fourty-five (45) wistar rats were grouped into nine groups of five rats each: normal control, hyperlipidaemic control, hyperlipidaemic administered with standard drug control/ atorvastatin (10 mg/kg body weight), and hyperlipidaemic administered groups administered with 50 mg/kg body weight of column chromatography fractions (F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, and F6) for a period of two weeks.&#x0D; Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biochemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Bayero University Kano, Nigeria, from May 2018 to April 2019.&#x0D; Methodology: Chloroform leaf extract of F. polita was fractionated by using column chromatography, and the resulting fractions were pooled, based on their retention factor (Rf), into six (6) fractions by using analytical thin layer chromatography. The resulting six (6) fractions were screened for hypolipidaemic activity. Serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL), and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) were determined. The rats treated with the best fraction in terms hypolipidaemic activity (fraction 3) were screened for serum HMG Co A reductase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK) activities, as well as troponin I level. Oxidative stress markers such as malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) were determined in the heart tissue homogenate of the rats treated with fraction 3.&#x0D; Results: Fraction 3 treated hyperlipidaemic group showed significant (p&lt;0.05) decrease in the levels of serum TC, TG, and LDL, but significant (p&lt;0.05) increase in the level of serum HDL. Fraction 3 (F3) treated hyperlipidaemic groups showed significant (p&lt;0.05) decrease in the activity of serum LDH and the level of troponin I, but significant (p&lt;0.05) increase in the activity of serum HMG Co A reductase. After high fat diet administration, the level of heart tissue antioxidant markers such as GSH, SOD and catalase were decreased whereas the level of heart tissue MDA was elevated. The level of these antioxidant markers were brought to normalcy by fraction 3 (F3). Histological studies of the heart corroborated the biochemical findings, and treatment with fraction 3 (F3) was found to be effective in restoring dietary-induced myocardiac toxicity in rats. FTIR and GCMS analyses were carried out for the detection of bioactive compound(s) in fraction 3 (F3), and the result revealed the presence of "8-methoxy-4-phenylquinoline, and narceine.&#x0D; Conclusion: The study concludes that; the hypolipidaemic property of the leaf of F. polita is mediated by the bioactive compounds "8-methoxy-4-phenylquinoline, and narceine." via their antioxidant properties.

Mercury Exposure and Associations with Hyperlipidemia and Elevated Liver Enzymes: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Survey.

Mercury (Hg) has obesogenic properties. However, the associated health outcomes of population-level mercury exposure were unclear. This study investigated the relationships between blood mercury levels and obesity-related outcomes such as hyperlipidemia and elevated liver enzymes. Using the second cycle of the Korean National Environmental Health Survey (n = 6454), we performed logistic regression to examine the effects of Hg on hyperlipidemia and elevated liver enzymes. The blood mercury levels were significantly higher in the hyperlipidemia group (n = 3699, male: 4.03 μg/L, female: 2.83 μg/L) compared to the non-hyperlipidemia group (n = 2755, male: 3.48 μg/L, female: 2.69 μg/L), and high blood mercury levels were associated with an 11% higher risk of hyperlipidemia. The elevated liver enzymes group had higher mean blood mercury levels (n = 1189, male: 4.38 μg/L, female: 3.25 μg/L) than the normal group (n = 5265, male: 3.64 μg/L, female: 2.70 μg/L), and elevated blood mercury was associated with a 35% higher risk of elevated liver enzymes. Moreover, the effect was constant after adjusting for personal medications. These results indicate that mercury exposure is significantly associated with hyperlipidemia and elevated liver enzymes.

Association of the NCAN-TM6SF2-CILP2-PBX4-SUGP1-MAU2 SNPs and gene-gene and gene-environment interactions with serum lipid levels.

This study investigated the association of the NCAN-TM6SF2-CILP2-PBX4-SUGP1-MAU2 SNPs and gene-gene and gene-environment interactions with serum lipid levels in the population of Southwest China. Genotyping of 12 SNPs (i.e., rs2238675, rs2228603, rs58542926, rs735273, rs16996148, rs968525, rs17216525, rs12610185, rs10401969, rs8102280, rs73001065 and rs150268548) was performed in 1248 hyperlipidemia patients and 1248 normal subjects. The allelic and genotypic frequencies of the detected SNPs differed substantially between the normal and hyperlipidemia groups (P < 0.05-0.001), and the association of the 12 SNPs and hyperlipidemia was also observed (P < 0.004-0.0001). Four haplotypes (i.e., NCAN C-C, CILP2 G-T, PBX4-SUGP1 G-C, and MAU2 C-A-G-T) and 5 gene-gene interaction haplotypes (i.e., rs2238675C-rs2228603C, rs16996148G-rs17216525T, rs12610185G-rs10401969C, rs73001065G-rs8102280A-rs150268548G-rs968525C and rs73001065C-rs8102280A-rs150268548G-rs96852）showed a protective effect, whereas four other haplotypes (i.e., TM6SF2 T-A, TM6SF2 C-A, MAU2 G-G-G-C and MAU2 C-G-A-T), as well as 4 gene-gene interaction haplotypes (i.e., rs58542926C-rs735273A, rs58542926T-rs735273A, rs73001065G-rs8102280G-rs150268548G-rs968525C, and rs73001065C-rs8102280G-rs150268548A-rs968525T), exhibited an inverse effect on hyperlipidemia (P < 0.05-0.0001). There were notable three-locus models comprising SNP-SNP, SNP-environment, and haplotype-haplotype interactions (P < 0.05-0.0001). The individuals with some genotypes and haplotypes reduced the prevalence of hyperlipidemia, whereas the individuals with some other genotypes and haplotypes augmented the prevalence of hyperlipidemia. The NCAN-TM6SF2-CILP2-PBX4-SUGP1-MAU2 SNPs and gene-gene and gene-environment interactions on hyperlipidemia were observed in the population of Southwest China.

Structural Elucidation of Isolated Phytochemicals from Selected Medicinal Plants with Antihyperlipidemic Activity and Development of Polyherbal Formulation with Densitometric Analysis of Isolated Phytoconstituents

Abstract: Objectives: The present systematic research aimed to express the antihyperlipidemic effects of different types of herbs based on animal studies. The purpose of the present project is to perform the phytochemical investigation and exploration of hypolipidemic activity with the development and quantification of phytoconstituents of polyherbal hypolipidemic formulation employing Apium graveolens, Salvadora persica, Carica papaya and Evolvulus alsinoides. Materials and Methods: Flash chromatography technique was used for the isolation of phytoconstituents from the selected medicinal plants. Antihyperlipidemic study was done on triton induced model. Triton- WR 1339 (400 mg/kg b.w) i.p. injection were given to different animal groups. HPTLC densitometric method was established for the quantification of the phytoconstituents in polyherbal formulation. Results: The phytoconstituents so isolated were identified as 8, 8-Dimethyl-2H, 8H-pyrano [2, 3-f] chromen-2-one, 9- methoxyfuro [3, 2-g] chromen- 7-one, 7- hydroxy-2H-chromen -2-one, Isothiocyanatomethylbenzene and 17-(5-Ethyl- 6-methylheptan-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro 1Hcyclopenta[α]phenanthren-3-ol through chromatographic separation techniques and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis. The formulation showed significant reduction in TC, TG, LDL and VLDL level (p<0.01) and significantly raised HDL level (p<0.01) compared to hyperlipidemic group. Furthermore, HPTLC method was established for the quantification of isolated phytoconstituents in polyherbal formulation through densitometric analysis. Conclusion: The present work also characterized active phytoconstituents from different parts of selected plants. The research work involved development of polyherbal hypolipidemic formulation with a view to reduce the serum levels of TC, TG, LDL and to increase the serum level of HDL cholesterol and to establish HPTLC densitometric method for quantification of its phytoconstituents. Key words: Hyperlipidemia, Medicinal Plants, Flash Chromatography, Isolated Phytoconstituents, HPTLC Densitometric Analysis.

Effects of hyperlipidemia on patellar tendon stiffness: A shear wave elastography study

BackgroundRecent studies presented that increased adiposity and hyperlipidemia may cause tendon pathology. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of hyperlipidemia on the patellar tendon stiffness by shear wave elastography. MethodsA total of 51 participants (19 female, 32 male) were included. Participants were divided into two groups, according to their low-density lipoprotein levels, as the study group (hyperlipidemia, n = 24) and the control group (non-hyperlipidemia, n = 27). The patellar tendon and rectus femoris muscle shear wave velocities were measured by shear wave elastography. FindingsPatellar tendon shear wave velocities was 5.02 (SD: 0.78) m/s in the control group and 5.98 (SD: 1.19) m/s in the hyperlipidemia group (ES = 0.95, P = .001). There was a positive moderate statistically significant correlation between patellar tendon shear wave velocity and low-density lipoprotein (r = 0.432, p < .002). In the multiple linear regression analysis, only low-density lipoprotein was found as a significant predictor of patellar tendon shear wave velocity (CI: 0.005–0.028, P = .007). InterpretationWe evaluated the effects of hyperlipidemia and body mass index on patellar tendon mechanical properties with shear wave elastography. We found that the blood low-density lipoprotein level had an impact on patellar tendon stiffness independently of body mass index. Accordingly, it is important to evaluate individuals' low-density lipoprotein levels when examining risk factors for tendon pathology.

Liraglutide protects pancreatic β cells from endoplasmic reticulum stress by upregulating MANF to promote autophagy turnover

AimsThis study was conducted to determine the relationship between mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF), autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and whether liraglutide (LRG) can protect β cells, promote autophagy and alleviate ER stress by regulating MANF expression. Main methodsHuman serum samples were collected from healthy controls (NC), simple hyperlipidemia (HLD), and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2D). The MANF levels were detected using ELISA. In vitro, after the mouse islet MIN6 cells were treated with glucose (GLU), palmitate (PA), thapsigargin (TG), LRG, and chloroquine (CQ), cell proliferation was detected using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), apoptosis-related protein cleaved caspase 3 (C-cas-3), ER stress, and autophagy-related proteins were detected by Western blotting, MANF, insulin, and C-cas-3 proteins were detected via immunofluorescence. Subcellular structures and autophagosomes were examined using electron microscopy. Key findingsCompared with the NC group, the MANF levels in the HLD and T2D groups increased significantly. After ER stress induced by GLU, PA, and TG, cell viability decreased, while MANF, c-cas3, ERS, and autophagy-related proteins increased, which was related to the concentration of GLU, PA, and TG. Compared with the BSA group, the number of mitochondria and autophagosomes in the PA group increased and the mitochondria were damaged. In the PA and TG plus CQ groups, the effect was further exaggerated. But after co-treatment with LRG, the effects of GLU, PA, and TG were attenuated. SignificanceLRG protects islet β cells from ER stress by upregulating MANF to promote autophagy turnover.

The Effect of Coffee Compsumption on Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Enzyme Expression in Wistar Rats Induced by Hyper LDL

One of the causes of stroke is atherosclerosis. The incidence of occurrence ischemic stroke caused by atherosclerosis is 95%. Atherosclerosis is caused by oxidative stress in the endothelium due to the formation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Hyperlipidemia (hyper LDL) is one of the risk factors of elevated ROS. One of the enzymes that play a role in preventing the formation of ROS is superoxide dismutase (SOD). Coffee has a powerful antioxidant in which one of its active ingredients is chlorogenic acid that capable to inhibiting ROS formation. Fifteen wistar male divided into 3 groups. Group I (Control) were given standard fed, Group II (Hyperlipidemia) were given standart fed and hyperlipid diet, Group III (Coffee) were given standart fed and hyperlipid diet + coffee consumption. Treatment were done everyday for 30 days. Blood serum in each group was taken on day 30 and examined by ELISA superoxide dismutase (SOD). The results showed that superoxide dismutase levels in coffee group was significantly higher than hyperlipidemia group (p = 0,006). This study proves that coffee consumption can increase the production of superoxide dismutase enzyme.&#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: atherosclerosis; coffee; hyperlipid; SOD

Glucose challenge metabolomics implicates the change of organic acid profiles in hyperlipidemic subjects.

Hyperlipidemia (HLP) is a major risk factor of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Here, we applied gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to study differences in postprandial organic acid profiles in healthy and HLP subjects. In fasting status, six intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle showed significant differences in HLP and healthy controls (P < 0.05). The percentage changes of 17 metabolites including three intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle were significantly different during the oral glucose tolerance test. Postprandial changes in ethylmalonic acid and pimelic acid were negatively associated with HOMA-IR (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; all P < 0.05) in the HLP group. Postprandial metabolism of organic acid profiles revealed energy metabolism perturbations in HLP. Our findings provide new insights into the complex physiological regulation of HLP postprandial metabolism.

BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON SOME PLANT EXTRACTS.

The present work aims to study the potential effect of jamun Syzygium cumini seeds and leaves to give more protection against hyperlipidemia . Twenty male albino rats were used over 30 days period. The animals were divided into (4) groups, wherein groups number (1) represent control which were fed basal diet, while group number (2) was received high fat diet to serve as hyperlipidemic group. Other two groups allowed to feed high fat diet supplemented with jamun seeds and leaves, group number (3) treated simultaneously with jamun seeds, fourth group treated with jamun leaves. At the end of the experimental period, blood samples were collected to determine lipid profile , liver functions From the obtained results we concluded that group of rats fed on high fat diet were considered as a major risk factor for hyperlipidemia disease. Our results could be summarized that jamun seeds and jamun leaves were considered the best for causing a reduction of TC, TG and LDL. Also, liver functions has been improved and there were significant reduction GOT, GPT and ALP activity than that of positive control group. It could be concluded that jamun seeds and jamun leaves under study are useful for the treatment of hyperlipidemia.

Rosuvastatin suppresses cytokine production and lung inflammation in asthmatic, hyperlipidemic and asthmatic-hyperlipidemic rat models

BackgroundGiven the role that T lymphocytes play on the pathogenesis of allergic asthma, drugs targeting Th2 and Th17 cells may be a hopeful therapeutic strategy. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of rosuvastatin treatment on cytokine production and lung inflammation in allergic asthma. MethodsThe animals were assigned into control (C), asthmatic (A), hyperlipidemic (H), asthmatic-hyperlipidemic (AH), rosuvastatin (40 mg/kg/day intraperitoneally, for 3 weeks)-treated asthmatic (AR), rosuvastatin-treated hyperlipidemic (HR) and rosuvastatin-treated asthmatic-hyperlipidemic (AHR) groups (n = 6 in each group). The levels of IL-4, IFN-γ and IL-17, total and differential WBC counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), Th1/Th2 balance, and pathological changes were evaluated. ResultsThe BALF level of IL-4 in A, H and AH groups, and IL-17A in A and AH groups were significantly higher than that in C group (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). IFN-γ level and Th1/Th2 balance (IFN‑γ/IL-4 ratio) in A and AH groups were significantly decreased (p < 0.05 to p < 0.01). Inflammatory cells infiltration, muscle hypertrophy and emphysema were also observed in A and AH groups. The BALF levels of IL-4 in AR, HR and AHR groups, IFN-γ level in HR group, and IL-17A level in AR and AHR groups showed a significant improvement compared to that of A, H and AH groups (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). Rosuvastatin treatment increased Th1/Th2 balance in all treated groups (p < 0.05 to p < 0.01), decreased total WBC counts, neutrophilia, eosinophilia and lung inflammation in AR and AHR groups, and improved muscle hypertrophy and emphysema in AHR group. ConclusionsRosuvastatin treatment improved lung pathological changes by suppression of Th2 and Th17-mediated cytokines which was unrelated to its lipid-lowering activity. Therefore, rosuvastatin might be a candidate immunomodulatory drug for treatment of patients with allergic asthma.

Effect of Aqueous Extract and Polyphenol Fraction Derived from Thymus atlanticus Leaves on Acute Hyperlipidemia in the Syrian Golden Hamsters.

Thymus atlanticus, an endemic plant of Morocco, is traditionally used as a liniment or a drink to treat various diseases. However, there are few available scientific data regarding its biological effects. In this connection, the present study aimed to investigate the hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects of aqueous extract and polyphenol fraction of Thymus atlanticus in Syrian golden hamsters treated with Triton WR-1339 (triton, 20 mg/100 g body weight). The hamsters orally received the extracts (400 mg/kg), and blood samples were collected after 24 h of treatment to determine plasma lipid, insulin, and fasting blood glucose levels. Plasma malondialdehyde level and plasma total antioxidant (TAS) were also evaluated. The T. atlanticus extracts significantly decreased triglycerides, total cholesterol, VLDL-C, and LDL-C and increased HDL-C when compared with the hyperlipidemic group. Both extracts suppressed the effect of the triton injection on TAS and reduced the level of plasma malondialdehyde. The extracts produced no significant change in the blood glucose level but effectively prevented the mild hyperinsulinemia induced by triton. These findings suggest that T. atlanticus may be a useful alternative treatment for the control of hyperlipidemia and its related diseases.

Effects of Dysglycemia and Dyslipidemia on the Severity of Airflow Limitation in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

To study the effect of dysglycemia and dyslipidemia on the severity of airflow limitation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 292 patients with moderate and higher chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were collected from a hospital during the period November 2018 to November 2019. They were divided into the dysglycemia group (n=119) and the non-dysglycemia group (n=173), the hyperlipemia group (n=106) and non-hyperlipemia group (n=186). Lung function index including the forced expiratory volume in 1 s, forced expiratory volume 1/forced vital capacity and the forced expiratory volume in 1 s predicted. The blood gas indices including the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the artery, the arterial partial pressure of oxygen and dyspnea index modified by the British Medical Research Council. Results indicated that the values of forced expiratory volume, forced expiratory volume 1 % predicted and forced expiratory volume 1/forced vital capacity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with dysglycemia were significantly higher than those in patients without dysglycemia (p<0.05). The values of forced expiratory volume 1, forced expiratory volume 1 % predicted, and forced expiratory volume 1/forced vital capacity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in hyperlipidemia group were significantly higher than those in the non-hyperlipidemia group (p<0.05). Compared to the group without dysglycemia, the value of partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the artery in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with dysglycemia was significantly higher (p<0.05), and the partial pressure of oxygen value was significantly lower (p<0.05). The partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the artery value of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with hyperlipidemia was significantly higher than that of the non-hyperlipidemia group (p<0.05) and the partial pressure of oxygen value was significantly lower (p<0.05). The dispnea index modified by the British medical research council of the dysglycemia group was significantly higher than that of the non-dysglycemia group (p<0.05) and the modified dispnea index of the hyperlipidemia group was significantly higher than that of the non-hyperlipidemia group (p<0.05). Diabetes or hyperlipidemia will aggravate the severity of airflow limitation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and dysglycemia and/or dyslipidemia were the risk factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Activity of robusta coffee on the expression of CRP and MMP-9 against hyperlipidemia

Hyperlipidemia especially LDL accumulation causing inflammation in blood vessel. CRP and MMP-9 are component that triggering in inflammation process. This study to know activity of robusta coffee against hyperlipidemia on this component. This study using male wistar rats were divided into three groups ; normal, hyperlipidemia and that were given coffee with high fat diet groups. Robusta coffee was given 3.6x10-6 m3 by intragastric gavage. Bloodcollection was carried out using infra-orbital for analysis of LDL levels. Furthermore, the experimental animals were sacrificed and coronary arteries were taken for CRP and MMP-9 immunohistochemical staining. Data were analyzed using ANOVA followed LSD test. Results show The highest expression score for CRP and MMP-9 within the hyperlipidemia group was 188.27 ± 1.8 and 277.56 ± 2.1. The decrease in the expression score of CRP and MMP-9 happened within the ones that were given coffee with 59.33 ± 1.5 and 116.7 ± 0.2 each. Results showed that were differences in the expression of CRP andMMP-9 in all groups (p <0.05). In conclusion, activity robusta coffee can decreases the expression of CRP and MMP-9 against hyperlipidemia. Key words: Coronary disease; hyperlipidemia; robusta coffee.

Protective Effect of Hypericum Triquetrifolium Aqueous Extract on Biochemical and Histopathological Parameters in Hyperlipidemic Male Rats

Hypericum triquetrifolium is an herbaceous perennial plant, numerous of the bioactive compound are present in it that is responsible for several biological functions. Aim of this research the protective effect of aqueous extract of Hypericum triquetrifolium on some biochemical parameters and histopathological study in hyperlipidemic male rats. Thirty-six male albino rats were divided into six groups, control group (fed with standard pellet), hyperlipidemia group , three ,four and five groups hyperlipidemic rats treated with aqueous extract of Hypericum triquetrifolium in different dosage (1000,2000,3000) mg/kg body weight, respectively, and last group hyperlipidemic rats treated with rosuvastatin drug 10 mg/kg for 60 days . The results showed that the body weight, serum cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, very low-density lipoprotein, cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein ratio, and hepatic enzymes increased significantly (p˂0.05) in hyperlipidemia group when compared with control group, but Hypericum triquetrifolium have ability to reduction the level of body weight, serum cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, very low-density lipoprotein, cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein ratio, as well as the low dose of H. triquetrifolium nonsignificantly (p>0.05), prevent to increase liver enzymes, conversely the level of liver enzymes in rosuvastatin group treatment increased when compared with other treated and untreated groups. Noticeable damage of histology in testis showed degeneration in the germinal layer and fat change in liver of hyperlipidemia and rosuvastatin group, the low dose of H. triquetrifolium has beneficial effect on sperm parameters and histology of testis and liver. The quantity of aqueous extract of Hypericum triquetrifolium and antioxidant power of this plant have an essential role in their activity. Hypericum triquetrifolium .

HYPOLIPIDMIC EFFECT OF JAMUN SYZYGIUM CUMINI

The present work aims to study the potential effect of jamun Syzygium cumini seeds and leaves to give more protection against hyperlipidemia . Twenty male albino rats were used over 30 days period. The animals were divided into (4) groups, wherein groups number (1) represent control which were fed basal diet, while group number (2) was received high fat diet to serve as hyperlipidemic group. Other two groups allowed to feed high fat diet supplemented with jamun seeds and leaves, group number (3) treated simultaneously with jamun seeds, fourth group treated with jamun leaves. At the end of the experimental period, blood samples were collected to determine lipid profile, liver functions and determine the kidney functions include urea nitrogen and creatinine. From the obtained results we concluded that group of rats fed on high fat diet were considered as a major risk factor for hyperlipidemia disease. Our results could be summarized that jamun seeds and jamun leaves were considered the best for causing a reduction of TC, TG and LDL. Also, liver functions has been improved and there were significant reduction GOT, GPT and ALP activity than that of positive control group. It could be concluded that jamun seeds and jamun leaves under study are useful for the treatment of hyperlipidemia.

The antioxidant and antihyperlipidemic activities of phosphorylated polysaccharide from Ulva pertusa

Ulvan was the polysaccharide (U) from a large edible green algae Ulva pertusa. In this study, phosphorylated ulvan (PU) was prepared by the sodium trimetaphosphate -sodium tripolyphosphate method. Antioxidant and antihyperlipidemic effects of U and PU were investigated employing in vivo systems. The PU was confirmed by IR, 31P NMR and 13C NMR spectra. And in addition, we found that the PU3 group at the dose of 500 mg/kg showed stronger antioxidant activity. Compared with hyperlipidemia group, it significantly increased GSH-Px (34.29%; P < 0.01), SOD (20.04%; P < 0.01) and CAT (37.49%; P < 0.01). Treatment of hyperlipidemia mice with PU resulted in a significant decrease in TC, TG and LDL-C, and significant increase in HDL-C. The PU3 significantly increased HDL-C (33.70%; P < 0.01), decreased LDL-C (52.73%; P < 0.01) and TG (33.58%; P < 0.01) compared with hyperlipidemia group. The result showed that phosphorylation could improve hypolipidaemic and antioxidant activities in vivo. PU may be used as a drug for hyperlipidaemia treatment.

Antioxidant and antihyperlipidemic activities of high sulfate content purified polysaccharide from Ulva pertusa

In this study, purification of polysaccharide ulvan by anion exchange chromatography was prepared, and the major polysaccharide fraction (FU) was collected at 1.0 M NaCl elute by anion exchange chromatography, then high sulfate content purified ulvan (HFU) was prepared with sulfur trioxide/N,N-dimethylformamide (SO3-DMF) in formamide. The antioxidant activity and the antihyperlipidemic activity of HFU in mice were determined. The results showed that treatment with HFU could improve the antioxidant and antihyperlipidemic activity. Compared with the hyperlipidemic group, the antihyperlipidemic activity of HFU (125 mg/kg) was the strongest, TC concentrations were significantly decreased by 26.7% (P < .01), significantly reduced LDL-C (32.6%, P < .01), significantly increased HDL-C (19.6%, P < .01), and HFU-treated group (250 mg/kg) exhibited optimal effects on TG (29.0%, P < .01); the HFU groups at the doses of 125 mg/kg could significantly decrease the MDA (29.9%, P < .01); the HFU groups at the doses of 500 mg/kg could increase the activities of GSH-Px obviously (19.9%, P < .01).