Human Capital Growth Research Articles

Human Capital, Amenities and Trade: The Case of Malaysia

Human capital plays an increasingly important role in economies undergoing structural transformation that involves technological upgrading and sustained trade competitiveness. Both production and consumption amenities are essential to develop, attract and support a workforce with high human capital. Different types of production and consumption amenities are relevant for different kinds of activities at various locations. As human capital growth is likely to be accompanied by worsening inequality, complementary policies are needed to promote inclusiveness without dampening human capital development.

Human Capital and Growth in Arctic Regional Economies: Evidence, Policies and Institutional Perspectives

Abstract The Arctic is a region known for its natural resource endowments and challenging climate. However, evidence from elsewhere suggests that human capital development might also be vital to Arctic economic growth. This article explores the role human capital plays in economic development in the Arctic through analysis of Arctic regional demographic and economic data. The available data preliminarily suggests that human capital stock growth in Arctic regions – as represented by the population with higher education – correlates more closely with economic growth than growth in the general population. The analysis is less conclusive on physical capital development’s connection to economic development as it is with human capital growth. Based on these findings, the article also highlights Arctic-centered institutions and policies that seek to bolster the Arctic region’s human capital stock.

A Lucas island model to analyse labour movement choice between cities based on personal characteristics

The labour movement has been a key factor for cities’ development and caused regional inequality between cities. Although empirical studies have been conducted to investigate it, little theoretical evidence has been provided to find out the underlying mechanism. This paper describes and derives a Lucas-Prescott style island model to study the location choices of the heterogeneous agents by utilising endogenous technology growth, which in turn influences personal human capital growth. It leads to the U-shape curve of the inequality of wage income with the technology of these islands but not in terms of total income. In the extended two-goods model, the magnitude of the implications is increased by the impact of non-tradable goods price. Together with empirical research using the US census data, this paper finds that skilled labours with less endowed wealth tend to live in large cities for its high salary. On the other hand, those less-skilled but with more endowed wealth tend to live in cities with better environment, which drives up the price level of non-tradable goods in these cities. This explains the population concentration in the super cities and the high housing price-wage ratio in some beautiful cities, which provides theoretical basement for further empirical studies about labour movement in other cities

Green spillover effect of human capital growth—Evidence from the PM enrollment expansion

This paper examines the impact of human capital on corporate green innovation. We exploit an expanded professional master enrollment program in China that resulted in a surge in staff with professional master's degrees (SPM) and use a Difference-in-Differences (DID) approach to address the potential endogeneity. We find that green patents in firms belonging to human capital-dependent industries increase significantly after SPM enters the labor market. Environmental awareness and green investment are two plausible potential mechanisms. We further find this effect is more pronounced in firms with state-owned equity, and higher employee care. Our study highlights an important but unanticipated benefit arising from the accumulation of human capital.

Research on the Effect of Low-Carbon Education on Residents by the Chinese Government

The low carbon living of residents is important for China to achieve the “double carbon goal.” This paper uses the natural language processing technique in machine learning to collect data from 2005 to 2020, constructs the government’s “green will” index and residents’ low-carbon life index, and conducts an empirical study through a static panel model and a dynamic panel model. The study shows that: (a) all cities in the Yangtze River Delta pay more and more attention to low-carbon publicity, but there are individual differences in the degree of attention; (b) in general, the government’s willingness to go green does drive residents to develop a low-carbon life; (c) affluence and human capital growth are positively related to the effect of government low-carbon publicity. Accordingly, the following measures are proposed: increase the government’s low-carbon publicity efforts, deepen education reform, attract high-end talents, strengthen scientific and technological innovation, promote new urbanization, and reduce the marginal cost of carbon emissions.

To Evaluate the Efficacy of Training on IT industry Employee from Nagpur

Effective utilization of human resources within a business is critical to its success. Only human resources might be the primary source of value for all other resources. The company must prioritize the ability, knowledge, and skills of its employees in order to enhance its human resources and adapt to both internal and external changes. The foundation for the growth of human capital is "training." The purpose of training is to enhance the work culture of the group working on a task together as well as to meet individual and organizational needs connected to the duties being done. Participants' attitudes, abilities, and forward-thinking outlook on the activity should all be altered by an ideal training program. This paper discusses a quantitative research to evaluate a efficacy of training on employee using Chi-square at 5% level of significance. Keywords: Human Resource, Training, Quantitative Research, Efficacy, Chi-Square,

Hidden Voices: Students Views on amount of Loans received and Survival Mechanism in Tanzania Higher Learning Institutions

The increasing use of student’s loans schemes to finance higher education is currently a global concern. It fuels access to higher education mostly to children from low-income families which ultimately strengthen equitable human capital growth. However, due to the increasing demand for higher education coupled with lower budget, many governments especially those in developing Countries fail to accomplish this task adequately. This study therefore, thought to assess students views on the amount of loan allocated and status of their survival in Tanzania Higher education Institutions. The aim is to see whether the received loan amount sufficiently cover their degree program cost, and if not, what are survival mechanisms are they make to supplement the discrepancy. The cross-sectional survey of 480 loans beneficiaries was adopted to collect data from four sampled universities. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings revealed that, due to the increasing trends of loans applicants’ and lower government budget, many students are allocated lesser amount of loan which eventually hinder their survival. As such others decide to engage on informal income generating activities which ultimately affect their academic progress. This study recommends on increased amount of loans allocation to students, as long as what they receive will be paid it back if adequate repayment strategies a put in place.

An Asymmetric Approach to Evaluate Sectoral CO2 Emissions in Turkey

The increase in population and economic growth are significant factors that contribute to the deterioration of the environment, primarily through the emission of carbon pollutants. Therefore, the overuse of natural resources, degradation of natural ecosystems, and the increasing release of harmful gases poses a threat to our ability to protect the environment for future generations. Although there is a global agreement on the need for clean and carbon-free energy systems to achieve sustainable development, emerging countries persist in giving more priority to economic objectives rather than environmental preservation. The objective of this research was to explore strategies to mitigate sector-specific emissions and environmental deterioration in Turkey, where the enforcement of environmental regulations has proven to be inadequate. The connections between emissions from different sectors, the value contributed to the economy, the income per person, and the growth of human capital were examined in the research. The study's findings indicated that implementing policies to increase production and develop human capital are effective in the short term for reducing carbon emissions in the services sector. Over time, policies that priorities raising income levels and building up human capital have been proven to be successful. Analyses of strategies to reduce agricultural emissions reveal that implementing short-term investments in human capital and long-term revenue increases are successful policies to reduce emission levels in the industry. Regarding the industry, past levels of emissions in the immediate future exert a constraint on managing the present period's emission levels. Given the asymmetrical impacts, it is evident that people whose quality of life improves through investments in human capital are more likely to prioritize environmental sustainability and adopt practices that reduce emissions in production. Thus, it is evident that the enhancement of human capital may serve as a significant policy tool across all industries.

IJCM_327A: An assessment of quality of life among women working in public sector units

Background: Women hold unequal roles and prestige in practically every society and area of life; as a result, it is important to empower them by giving them equal opportunity. The growth of human capital is crucial for individual growth and performance, particularly in terms of productivity and quality of life. Occupational stress is a syndrome of emotional tiredness, dissociation, and decreased self-confidence. A healthy lifestyle requires good mental health, and depression is a major factor in the quality of life (QOL) condition as measured by self-reported assessment measures. The study’s objectives were to evaluate quality of life (QOL) among women working in public sector units, their level of empowerment in many spheres of life, and the factors influencing that empowerment and how it relates to QOL and demographic parameters. Objectives: To describe the socio-demographic profiles of women working in public sector unit and to evaluate the quality of life among them. Methodology: Between April to June 2023, a total of 100 women working in public sector units participated in this study by snowball sampling technique at Neyveli, Tamil Nadu. All qualitative variables were presented as frequencies and percentages. The prevalence rates were given in percentages. Mean and Standard deviation was used at calculate continuous variables example age. Results: The overall score obtained by the participants in the study conducted of which 32% has scored 75-85, 31% has scored <75, 30% has scored 85-95, and 7 % has scored >95 among the population of 100 participants. The women had a mean QOL score of 79.41 ± 11.52. Conclusion: Human health is integrally tied to quality of life (QoL), a complex and diverse concept that encompass the physical, psychological, spiritual, social, and economic realms. QoL is a dynamic, subjectively measured object.

Research on the impact of the digital economy on the level of industrial structure: An empirical study of 280 cities in China.

As the digital revolution deepens, the digital economy (DE) is reshaping the global industrial structure (IS). This paper utilizes data from 280 Chinese cities between 2007 and 2020 to conduct an in-depth analysis of how DE propels the upgrading of IS and explores the role of human capital (HC) in this process. The research indicates that DE significantly fosters the optimization of IS. Additionally, it was discovered that the growth of HC plays a pivotal mediating role in this evolution, complementing existing research on the relationship between higher education and industrial upgrading. By adopting spatial econometric methods, this study unveils the spillover effects of DE in geographical space, identifying a positive influence on the industrial upgrading of surrounding regions. The paper also confirms the nonlinear characteristics of DE's impact on IS upgrading, which manifests as a pronounced inverted U-shaped trend, marking a novel discovery. Further findings suggest that in regions with more advanced artificial intelligence technologies, the impact of DE on industrial optimization is more significant, highlighting the role of regional disparities in the digital transformation. In conclusion, the paper proposes policy recommendations based on the research findings to facilitate the development of DE and the elevation of IS levels, thereby promoting high-quality economic growth.

Human Capital for Economic Development: A Study of Education Production Performance (EPP) in Khairpur

The analysis of education production performance involves evaluating the inputs of faculty, teachers, and students to determine the academic achievement of students. This study aims to estimate the education production performance of both state and private higher secondary schools in Khairpur and identify the factors that affect instructional outcomes in the region. Education is crucial for development, as a high-quality education system is essential for increasing people's skills, knowledge, and abilities, ultimately contributing to the growth of human capital. In a developing country like Pakistan, where policymakers face challenges such as a rapidly growing population, low levels of education, and limited resources, improving educational efficiency is critical to achieving progress. A thorough understanding of the factors that contribute to instructional success is essential in this regard. To construct the model, a cross-sectional dataset was used, and a standard least squares method was employed with annual examination results as the output variable and school inputs, student characteristics, family background, and teacher characteristics as the input variables for both private and public schools. The results of the study indicate that student characteristics, teacher qualities, and family background, except for the mother's education, career, and income, have a statistically significant impact on students' academic performance. The findings of this study have significant policy implications for Khairpur and Pakistan as a whole. Improving educational outcomes will be critical in enhancing the human capital stock, which, in turn, is essential for economic growth and improving living standards. By understanding the factors that contribute to instructional success, policymakers can devise effective strategies to address the challenges faced by the education sector and improve overall educational efficiency.

Economic Growth in China: The Impact of Globalization

Globalization is an intrinsic part of todays economic exchanges. This research investigates the impact of globalization on Chinas economic development. For inferences, it relies on a comprehensive literature review of relevant material published within the last 10 years. The focal themes in the literature review include knowledge transfer, trade expansion, and FDI. Consequently, the study concludes that globalization has had a substantial impact on China's economic development. It establishes that China has been able to close the technological divide, expand its industrial base, and boost productivity as a result of technology transfer in and out of the country. Furthermore, China has become a major exporter given the trade expansion involved in globalization. The resultant FDI has aided China's economic growth by facilitating infrastructural and industrial growth. China's human capital growth is enhanced by the transmission of knowledge through collaborations and educational exchanges. Future studies should, however, examine the nuances of economic growth through the globalization prism.

Production and Learning in Teams

To what extent is a worker's human capital growth affected by the quality of his coworkers? To answer this question, we develop and estimate a model in which the productivity and the human capital growth of an individual depend on the average human capital of his coworkers. The measured production function is supermodular: The marginal product of a more knowledgeable individual is increasing in the human capital of his coworkers. The measured human capital accumulation function is convex: An individual's human capital growth is increasing in coworkers' human capital only when paired with more knowledgeable coworkers, but independent of coworkers' human capital when paired with less knowledgeable coworkers. Learning from coworkers accounts for two thirds of the stock of human capital accumulated on the job. Technological changes that increase production supermodularity lead to labor market segregation and, by reducing the opportunities for low human capital workers to learn from better coworkers, lead to a decline in aggregate human capital and output.

МЕЖДИСЦИПЛИНАРНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ В ВУЗАХ КАК ФАКТОР РАЗВИТИЯ ЭКОСИСТЕМЫ ВОСПРОИЗВОДСТВА ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСКОГО КАПИТАЛА

This article examines the role of the higher education system in the context of the transition to a knowledge economy. It is shown that universities are becoming key participants in innovation ecosystems and ecosystems for the reproduction of human capital. This approach contributes to the innovative development of regions, strengthening their competitiveness and the formation of human capital. The study proposed a hypothesis that the organization of interdisciplinary research in universities can contribute to innovative development and the growth of human capital. It was established that there is a connection between the number of interdisciplinary projects in universities and their positions in the ranking in terms of the results of the country’s innovative development.

ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСКИЙ КАПИТАЛ: ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ, ОСОБЕННОСТИ, ПРОЦЕСС ВОСПРОИЗВОДСТВА

The transition of economically developed countries to the post-industrial stage of development is closely related to the process of accumulation and growth of human capital. In the XNUMXst century, the leader will not be the country with more natural resources or fixed assets and even finance, but the one with more and better human capital. Unfortunately, in Russia there is a situation where people lose their value for many statesmen, business leaders, and entrepreneurs. Based on this, the article examines the category of “human capital”: the difference in approaches to the definition of human capital is revealed; generalized and systematized features of human capital; the process of its reproduction is studied.

Механизм согласования интересов субъектов социального партнерства как условие роста человеческого капитала (часть 2)

The presented research allows to conclude that absence of defined common socially significant goals of social partnership subjects, a system for evaluating and rewarding them for achieving these goals, as well as an algorithm for creating favorable conditions for the implementation of the coordination mechanism leads to inconsistency of actions, contradictions, social and labor conflicts, and confrontation between subjects. The purpose of the study is to develop a mechanism for coordinating the interests of subjects of social partnership as a condition for the growth of human capital. The article consists of two parts. The second part of the article focuses on proposals for the practical application of the results of scientific research outlined in the first part. The results of the scientific research include the following. Using the developed socially significant goals, the author proposes a system of assessment and remuneration based on uniform indicators of assessment of subjects of social partnership for their work towards achieving these goals. This makes it possible to direct social and labor relations and mutual cooperation between state authorities and management, employers, employees and public organizations in the direction of solving common socio-economic problems. These tasks are related to the existing new external and internal challenges at the level of the country, regions, and organizations. In order to implement a mechanism for coordinating the interests of subjects of social partnership and the growth of human capital on this basis, it is important to have a favorable environment provided by certain institutions and infrastructure. The study presents an algorithm for providing a favorable institutional and infrastructural environment for the implementation of a mechanism for coordinating the interests of subjects of social partnership as a condition for the growth of human capital. In the course of the research reflected in the second part of the article, the following scientific methods were used: a systematic analysis of statistical indicators and ratings for the possibility of their practical application in order to evaluate and reward the work of subjects of social partnership, comparison, and description. The practical application of the results of the scientific research will be the use of the proposed system for evaluating and rewarding the work of subjects of social partnership and the algorithm for creating a favorable environment for the implementation of the mechanism for coordinating the interests of subjects of social partnership in the real economy.

IMPACT OF ICT ON ECONOMIC GROWTH: CASE OF OECD AND MENA COUNTRIES

This article examines the direct effects of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) on economic growth in the presence of four important indicators: the rates of Internet, telephone, and mobile usage, as well as the proportion of technologically-related imports in total imports. In order to achieve our stated objectives, we undertake a rigorous evaluation of the interaction impact between the ICT factors, human capital, and financial development for the four specifications that are under consideration. A comparison analysis between the OECD countries and those of the MENA area was conducted between 2010 and 2023, employing the generalized moment's method in dynamic panels. Our findings demonstrate that the impact of ICT is predominantly influenced by financial and human capital growth. This study reveals that OECD countries have been more proactive and effective than MENA countries in embracing ICT to foster economic growth. Examining the case of MENA countries provides comprehensive insight for policymakers regarding the relevance of ICT in boosting economic growth through the advantages of technology expansion. JEL classification : O32, O33, O47, O57.

Robot revolution and human capital accumulation: implications for growth and labour income

AbstractWe develop a model of endogenous growth with automation to study the impact of industrial robots on growth and labour income. We incorporate human capital accumulation into that framework to examine the role of human capital in sustaining growth without displacing low-skilled labour. While automation replaces low-skilled labour with industrial robots in conducting routine tasks, horizontal innovation creates new varieties in which low-skilled labour has an employment advantage. Labour-augmenting technology takes place to improve productivity of low-skilled labour. As such, those latter types of innovation help counterbalance the adverse effect of automation on low-skilled labour. Human capital, the essential production factor that takes part in every economic activity, including conducting non-routine tasks, accumulates over time through education and training. We show that there exists a long-run equilibrium at which either robots or low-skilled workers are employed, together with human capital, to produce varieties. In the fully endogenous model, final output grows at the rate of human capital accumulation. An improvement in the quality of education and training leads to an acceleration of both automation and variety expansion, but not human capital growth. Our numerical exercise indicates that a permanent increase in automation entails a permanent impact on the range of automated varieties, long-run output level and human capital wage. The shock lowers long-run growth and low-skilled workers’ wage and their effective income share. However, it has no effect on the effective income share of human capital.

Strategy Implementation and Organizational Performance of the Technical and Vocational Education and Training Authority, Nairobi City County, Kenya

Education and training are widely acknowledged as being essential to the growth of human capital. The Technical Vocational Education and Training serves as a conduit for human capital development, equipping students with practical skills that hold relevance in diverse occupational domains, industrial sectors, and entrepreneurial pursuits. Despite government investments in Technical Vocational Education and Training, the industry still faces constraints in areas such as improving online management information systems, training tools, human relations capacity and retention, and research and development. Therefore, this research was carried out to examine the strategy implementation and organizational performance of the Technical and Vocational Education and Training Authority. The objectives were: effect of resource allocation, organizational culture, strategic leadership and organizational structure. Theories applicable to this research: institutional, resource-based view and balanced scorecard. A descriptive research design was used. The target population of the study was 70 employees of the Authority comprising the directors, senior level management and administrative staff; hence the respondents were 70 in number. A census technique was used in this research because the target population was small. Data was collected using primary and secondary data by both open-ended and closed-end questionnaires. A pilot study was done to check the reliability and validity of the questionnaire. Content Validity, construct and criterion validity were used to test the strength of the instrument and Reliability was done using Cronbach Alpha method to test its consistency. The study involved the utilization of descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviation to analyze the data collected. Inferential statistics applied the multiple linear regressions to draw conclusions and make inferences from the data. The analysis outcomes indicated that resource allocation capabilities inversely affected performance insignificantly; organizational culture insignificantly and positively affected performance; strategic leadership affected performance of these organizations positively yet in an insignificant manner, while organizational structure displayed significant positive effect on Technical Vocational Education and Training Authority’s performance. The study recommended that the government should implement policies that prioritize the continuous assessment and refinement of the organizational structure. This policy should mandate evaluations of the current organizational framework to ensure that it aligns with the Authority's strategic goals and the evolving demands of the Technical Vocational Education and Training sector.

ІНВЕСТИЦІЇ В РОЗВИТОК ЛЮДСЬКОГО КАПІТАЛУ У СІЛЬСЬКОМУ ГОСПОДАРСТВІ УКРАЇНИ

The purpose of the article is to analyse the importance of investing in human capital development in Ukrainian agriculture in the context of instability. The elements of the process of human capital development for agriculture are allocated, which reveal the directions necessary to improve the quality of human capital and increase the productivity of the agricultural sector. These are elements such as providing access to quality agricultural education for young people, organising training and courses, training farmers in the use of modern digital technologies, creating financial support programs for farmers, providing access to medical care and insurance programs, developing social programs to make life easier, training in resource management, developing projects and programs to improve the economic and social development of local communities, promoting and educating in the context of environmental awareness in the agricultural sector. The problems that cause low growth of human capital in agriculture in Ukraine are highlighted: instability of the military, economic and political situation, low wages and social conditions, reduced educational and professional opportunities, infrastructure and technological development, demographic and migration challenges, lack of support and investment in agricultural development. The problems that affected the process of investing in human capital development in agriculture in Ukraine during the wartime period are highlighted: an unstable situation in the country and security threat, loss of access to educational resources and exacerbation of problems in education, decrease in economic activity and decrease in income, decrease in wages, mass migration of the population from rural areas to cities and other countries, loss of qualified personnel, destruction of infrastructure, insufficient state support and development programs for rural areas. The article proposes areas of support for human capital development in the context of agricultural development in Ukraine, including security and stability, skills development, financial support, social support, efficient use of labour, resource management, productivity and technology development, and infrastructure projects.