Human Capital Growth Research Articles

Natural resources and economic growth: evidence from Brunei Darussalam

PurposeThis paper explores the relationship between natural resources and economic growth of Brunei Darussalam, an underresearched area in the available literature.Design/methodology/approachAnnual data are sourced from reliable sources for the period 1989–2020. Appropriate cointegration techniques for time series data are employed to estimate the specified models and extract results.FindingsThe results provide evidence about the positive and significant role that natural resources have played in the economic growth of Brunei Darussalam. Similarly, trade openness and domestic investment have also positively and significantly impacted the long-run economic growth. On the other hand, the impacts of government expenditure and the growth of human capital on economic growth are although positive but insignificant statistically in the long run. The short-run results show that natural resources, government expenditures and domestic investment have influenced economic growth both positively and significantly. Moreover, the positive and significant impact of trade openness on economic growth, which was observed in the long run, turned negative and insignificant in the short run. Finally, the insignificant positive relationship between the growth of human capital and economic growth observed in the long run remained the same in the short run.Originality/valueThis paper studies the resource curse hypothesis for Brunei Darussalam for the first time, and therefore, the findings will be of significant interest for policymakers and researchers.

Human Capital Growth - with Region and Gender in Perspective

Human Capital Growth - with Region and Gender in Perspective

Human Capital Growth - with Region and Gender in Perspective

Human Capital Growth - with Region and Gender in Perspective

Forecasting Directions, Dates, And Causes of Future Technological Revolutions concerning the Growth of Human Capital

Technology forecasting is an important and critical issue that determines the starting point of planning and is considered as a management tool directly related to the future. In the previous research items, the development of renewable energy technologies was of concern. Moreover, due to the increasing need of countries to produce electricity and facing the lack of resources, this research focuses on forecasting photovoltaic technology. Accordingly, in this paper, for technological research in the field of solar energy, the patents extracted from one of the most famous renewable energy databases in the United States (US patent database) between 200 and 2020 were examined. Next, research gaps were analyzed by using the artificial neural network clustering method and also by analyzing covered and uncovered compounds. The results show that in the future, photovoltaic technology research will move towards the third generation of technology (organic materials) as well as focus on environmental parameters and their effects on the performance of photovoltaic systems.

ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ СТІЙКОСТІ КАДРОВОГО ПОТЕНЦІАЛУ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА В УМОВАХ ЦИФРОВІЗАЦІЇ

The article comprehensively examines the main trends in the functioning and development of the labor market in conditions of economic instability and modern approaches to the management of the enterprise's personnel potential in order to ensure its stability and the successful implementation of the strategic goals of the activity in accordance with the chosen business model. The main goal, tasks and components of the process of ensuring the sustainability of the personnel potential of the enterprise are defined, which include hiring and moving employees, training, development of skills, mentoring, stimulation of self-education, as well as creating conditions for career growth of employees. The advantages and disadvantages of hiring and transferring employees of the enterprise based on the use of an approach based on acquired skills are characterized. In order to form a proper «architecture of workplaces», it is proposed to draw up «skill maps», which reflect the level of integration of the skills of the company's employees in the work and management processes. The necessity has been proven, the conditions for creation have been determined, and measures have been proposed to improve the efficiency and safety of using «digital» workplaces. Based on the implementation of the «from risk to talent» approach, a scheme for organizing the company's involvement of specialists in the field of cyber security and cyber risk management has been developed. It has been proven that improving the qualifications, professional skills and experience of employees is the main factor in the further development of the enterprise, maintaining the appropriate level of its competitiveness in the market, increasing the welfare of employees, as well as the growth of human capital in general. Modern forms of organization of training, advanced training, and retraining of employees of enterprises are characterized, as well as features of the activities of edtech companies and the implementation of state programs for advanced training and digital literacy of citizens. The main directions of increasing the stability of the personnel potential of enterprises in the conditions of deepening the processes of digital transformation of the economy and the use of modern information and communication technologies have been determined.

УПРАВЛІННЯ ЗНАННЯМИ В СИСТЕМІ РОЗВИТКУ ЛЮДСЬКОГО КАПІТАЛУ НА РИНКУ ПРАЦІ

The relevance of the study of the impact of knowledge management and human capital development at the labor market on economic growth is determined by the need to overcome imbalances in the socio-economic development of Ukraine. The article is dedicated to the identification of the main features of human capital development, to the assessment of its level in Ukraine, as well as to the factors identifying the impact of knowledge management and human capital development on economic growth. The development of human capital is considered to be the most important prerequisite for ensuring sustainable economic growth in Ukraine. The main features of the development of human capital as a resource for increasing productivity and, consequently, the growth of capitalization at the micro, meso and macro levels is the accumulated stock of production competencies and inseparable knowledge and abilities. The correlation of the quality of knowledge flow management and GDP is revealed, the density of which reflects the desire of highly developed markets to attract investment in human resources development and the formation of demand for new knowledge. The high level of human capital accumulation in Ukraine is confirmed by the analysis of the range of international rankings, including 32nd place in the Global Innovation Index 2020 with the rate of 37,7% for knowledge-intensive employment. It is noted that to ensure economic growth it is necessary to apply the knowledge gained by citizens in the labor market. It is proposed to assess the effectiveness of knowledge management in the system of human resources development in the labor market by measuring its contribution to the economic growth of the regions of Ukraine. It is recommended to choose the growth rates of production, labor productivity, and the elasticity of employment growth as targets. It was found that the growth of human capital has an impact on productivity growth and the elasticity of employment growth. As human capital grows, the elasticity of employment growth will decrease, which makes the economy of the regions less labor-intensive and leads to greater economic growth. The simulation allowed us to identify the main factors of the direct and indirect impact of human capital development on the level of economic growth. In the future, it is proposed to study the models of human capital development under crisis conditions and to develop strategic guidelines for knowledge management at the institutional level.

Correlation Analysis of Surplus Labor Transfer and Economic Growth Based on STR Model

For a long time, the research on the relationship between economic growth and the transfer of surplus labor has been the focus and hot issue of all kinds of people. As a model that can describe the nonlinear transformation between different states of variables in detail, the STR model is the Frontier and hot topic of nonlinear time series analysis. In recent years, it has been successfully applied in the fields of economy, finance, capital market, macro policy simulation, and so on. The STR model can well describe the nonlinear and nonequivalent linkage effect between economic growth and surplus labor and has significance in both practice and theory. By constructing an STR model of four variables, including the added value of rural labor transfer and the real added value of each industry, this paper conducts an empirical analysis on the extremely dynamic interaction between the transfer of rural surplus labor and various industries in China. There is an interactive effect of economic growth. The results of the study show that the relationship between human capital and economic growth in China presents a nonlinear characteristic of periodic changes, and frequently switches between linear and nonlinear relationships.

Towards understanding the triangular relationship between technology innovation, human capital and economic growth in South Africa

Towards understanding the triangular relationship between technology innovation, human capital and economic growth in South Africa

Towards understanding the triangular relationship between technology innovation, human capital and economic growth in South Africa

Towards understanding the triangular relationship between technology innovation, human capital and economic growth in South Africa

Экономическая оценка человеческого капитала региона

Sustainable regional development should consider the state and improvement of the quality of regional human capital. To this end, the present study focuses on economic assessment of human capital. Additionally, the research analyses the definitions of the “human capital” category, as well as approaches to identifying its composition and structure. After examining various economic assessment techniques, a definition of regional human capital was proposed. The cost approach was chosen as the most suitable tool for the economic assessment of human capital at the regional level. For economic valuation, the study uses a method developed by Chigoryaev and co-authors, including a number of theoretical and methodological modifications that take into account regional specificities. According to the assessment results, the total human capital in Kamchatka krai exceeded 191 billion roubles, of which more than 104 billion accounted for the fixed human capital. The constant growth of human capital in the period 2011–2018 was noted. Simultaneously, the share of the fixed human capital in the overall structure has been steadily increasing. The values of the chain growth rate of the operating human capital ranged from 1.0 to 1.06, while the values of this rate of the fixed human capital ranged from 1.14 to 2.05. A comparative analysis of the ratio of the total human and physical capital showed the presence of an imbalance: the share of human capital was gradually increasing and reached 37.5 % in 2018. The obtained results can be used to create strategic and programme documents in the field of regional socio-economic development. The modified method of Chigoryaev and co-authors can be applied for the valuation of regional human capital in other studies.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE SMART CITIES CONCEPT IN UKRAINE: PROBLEMS AND ASSESSMENT METHODS

Goal. Disclosure of the concept of "smart city", identification of problems related to the implementation of the concept of "smart cities" in our country, development of methods for assessing the possibility of creating "smart cities" in regions and individual cities. Research methods. To achieve the goal, methods of logical generalization were used to conduct a theoretical analysis of the development of the "smart city" concept, a method of index analysis in the development of approaches to assess the possibility of creating "smart cities". The work uses methods of dialectics, in particular the method of scientific abstraction, which makes it possible to reveal the connection between the use of information and knowledge potential and the improvement of the well-being of the population of the regions; methods of analysis and synthesis were used in the study of the advantages of creating a virtual world, with the help of which it is possible to effectively manage territories. The results. The study of the concept of the realization of a "smart" city is based on the idea of using geoinformational technologies for the management of city property aimed at sustainable socio-economic development of the city based on the implementation of an active model: citizens - business - government. This is an effective way of improving the quality and ways of life of the community within the city, creating conditions for the growth of human capital. Scientific novelty. Based on the study of the main interpretations of the concept of "smart city", a component model of "smart city" and an index method of assessing the possibility of creating "smart cities" based on the calculation of the integral index of smartization are proposed.For a more detailed analysis, the regions were divided into groups according to the obtained integral index of smartization and their corresponding level was determined. Practical significance. The results of the study consist in determining the key dimensions of the effectiveness of the implementation of the "smart city" concept (government, society, infrastructure, technologies), as well as a description of the main problems that prevent the effective implementation of this concept in our country.

ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ И ОГРАНИЧЕНИЯ ДЛЯ РОСТА ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСКОГО КАПИТАЛА В РЕГИОНАХ РОССИЙСКОГО ДАЛЬНЕГО ВОСТОКА

The paper considers some aspects of the formation of human capital in the subjects of the Far Eastern Federal District. According to the human development index, the regions of the Russian Far East show a differentiated picture. On the one hand, two subjects — the Sakhalin Oblast and the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) — are among the top ten. On the other hand, the Zabaykalsky Krai and the Jewish Autonomous Region are at the bottom of the list, showing the worst values. The fact that a number of subjects of the Far Eastern Federal District practically does not show positive dynamics over time indicates the presence of a systemic crisis: demographic and socio-economic. Negative changes in the demographic structure of the population, caused by depopulation and migration outflow of part of the able-bodied population to other regions call into question the achievement of sustainable economic growth. The uneven distribution of the population, due to the peculiarities of natural and climatic conditions, economic specialization and access to the resource base, is another factor constraining the growth of human capital in the macroregion. It is shown that for the subjects of the Far Eastern Federal District, a special role in the formation of human capital and the possibilities for sustainable development is played by factors that ensure public access to transport and social infrastructure facilities.

Relationship Between Human Capital and Technological Innovation Growth of Regional Economy and Psychology of New Entrepreneurs in Northeast China.

The economic restructuring and rapid rise of the economy in Northeast China have resulted in a proliferation of new ventures. Studying the psychology of new entrepreneurs is conducive to understanding the relationship between human capital and economic growth. The work reported here aims to explore the impact of human capital on economic growth in Northeast China and the influencing factors of psychological capital of new entrepreneurs in the entrepreneurial process. Based on Cobb–Douglas production function, the relationship between labor, physical capital, or human capital and economic growth in Northeast China is analyzed by econometric methods, and a model of human capital and economic growth in Northeast China is constructed. Besides, a psychological capital intervention (PCI) model is proposed to develop the psychological capital of new entrepreneurs, and the psychological quality structure model of entrepreneurial entrepreneurs and its operation mechanism. The results of the empirical analysis demonstrate that the elasticity coefficient of human capital in Northeast China is 0.15902, five times smaller than that of labor and physical capital. Moreover, 70% of new ventures are willing to accept higher education. The fitting degree of using the PCI model to develop the psychological capital of new ventures is only 0.3%. In addition, the modified external environment PCI instead of the external environment PCI model has a huge operating potential in the macro-entrepreneurial environment. In conclusion, the impact of human capital on economic growth in the northeast is smaller than the impact of labor and material capital investment on regional economic growth. The development of human capital and research on the composition and mechanism of psychological quality of entrepreneurial entrepreneurs are of significant theoretical and practical values to promote the economic growth in the northeast.

Calculation and Measurement of China’s Human Capital after Comparing Human Capital with Technological Innovation

Human capital, as a synthesis of wisdom and physical fitness condensed in workers, is sometimes confused with technological innovation by existing literature. This paper makes comparisons between these two terminologies. Technological innovation is a short-term activity that attaches importance to economic benefits while human capital accumulation is a long-term strategic process with lifelong benefits, and human capital is the foundation of technological innovation. In empirical part, this paper adopts Solow Residual Method to calculate stock, elasticity and growth rate of human capital of 10 countries after eliminating physical capital, labor force and technological innovation. It is found that human capital stock in the United States is the largest and human capital growth in China is the fastest. Calculation is followed by measurement. We construct a comprehensive index of human capital by using Index Weight Assignment Method and Two-level & Three-factor CES Function to measure and predict human capital level in China. Both calculating and measuring results show that growth rate of China’s human capital is around 5%. In the future, for highquality economic development, China should give priority to human capital development and comprehensively improve human capital competitiveness.

Analysis of the Influence of Ecology on Human Resources Management in the Healthcare System

One of the priorities of the institutional and structural reforms implemented by Kazakhstan during the years of its independence is the formation of systemic conditions for the development and growth of the country's human capital. The issue of human capital development has always been in the focus of both conceptual documents defining the strategy for the development of the state and society, and real actions taken by the country's political leadership. Coming to the forefront of human capital is one of the modern global trends. Human capital is the main economic resource of the XXI century, increasing the country's GDP, which has become the main productive and social factor in the development of the economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
 The purpose of the study of the impact of ecology on human resource management is to analyze the formation and development of human resources by highly qualified specialists and employees capable of meeting the tasks and activities aimed at further improving the health care system in the Republic of Kazakhstan to ensure a high level of quality in the provision of medical services.

The Estimation of the Potential Human Capital Accumulation Rate of China in the Future

From the perspective that the change in population age structure could affect human capital accumulation, this paper introduces a concept of “the potential growth speed in human capital stock” and discusses the future of China’s human capital growth from different aspects. This paper uses the perpetual inventory method and China’s sixth national population census data to predict the maximum potential space for China’s human capital stock growth in the future. Firstly, we use the average years of schooling of the working-age population as an index to measure the human capital stock. Though decomposing the differences in human capital stock, we introduce the concept of potential growth speed in human capital stock. Secondly, by decomposing accumulation rate of human capital stock in China, differences of human capital stock between China and South Korea, and differences of human capital stock between China and Japan, this paper finds that the age structure change will have a negative factor on China’s accumulation of human capital in the next 20 years. To conclude, China will probably accumulate human capital at a much faster rate until 2040, but the human capital growth potential is fully exploited on the condition of that.

Financial Development, Human Capital, Economic Growth in Indonesia

The purpose of this study is to investigate Financial Development, Human Capital, and Economic Growth in Indonesia. This study uses secondary data from the World Bank with a sample of 90 developing countries in an annual time period from 2000 to 2020 with the generalized method of moment (GMM). ) models. For the human capital development sector, we use two namely secondary school enrollment (SSE) and primary school pupil-teacher ratio (PPTR). We found that more schools are built and more teachers are working in the education sector, which is indicated by a decrease in the teacher-student ratio, which has an impact on increasing economic growth.

Carbon Dioxide and Agricultural Economics in the Sphere of Sustainable Economic Development

This study uses annual time series data with a time period of 1985 to 2020. The data consists of various sources. The data is secondary data collected from the Global Footprint Network, Penn World, and World Bank. This research utilized the following two time-series models for the period from 1985 to 2020 for the following variables. The dependent variable in this study is the ecological footprint and CO2 as an indicator of environmental damage. The independent variables in this study are the human capital index (HC), economic growth (EG), infrastructure (Gx), and natural resource depletion (NR) as indicators of economic activity and environmental changes as a result of economic activity. We found that Indonesia is a country with a large enough open green space, especially on islands outside Java, so it is very important to preserve Indonesia's nature as a supplier of world oxygen. On the other hand, infrastructure development is quite massive in 2019-2021 in Indonesia to encourage economic growth. Therefore, this study examines how Natural Resources Depletion (NR), human capital (HC), Economic Growth (EG), and Infrastructure Investment (GX) affect environmental degradation from the perspective of two important indicators, namely, Ecological footprint (EF) and CO2 from 1985 to 2020. The results of the analysis using the ARDL approach show that in the long term human capital and natural resources have a negative relationship with CO2, while Economic Growth and infrastructure development have a positive relationship with CO2. Based on the ARDL results, it can be concluded that the role of human capital is very important in preserving nature and infrastructure development needs to be carried out while preserving nature or trying to minimize environmental damage

Governance thresholds and the human capital–growth nexus

PurposeThe literature that explores the relationship between human capital and economic growth has produced mixed results. It highlights the puzzle on the correlations between human capital and economic growth. This study contributes to this debate by offering an explanation of the puzzling effects.Design/methodology/approachUsing the threshold model proposed by Kremer et al. (2013), the results document that there is a threshold effect in the human capital–growth nexus.FindingsThe findings illustrate that the relationship between human capital and economic growth is weakly positive up to a certain threshold level of governance; however, the relationship turns out to be positive once the threshold level has been achieved.Originality/valueThe mixed evidence on the human capital–growth relationship can be explained through institutional quality differences. The findings recommend that better governance is complementary to contribute to the productive use of human capital in achieving higher economic growth.

Does eco-innovation promote cleaner energy? Analyzing the role of energy price and human capital

The transition from non-renewable energy sources to renewable energy sources is considered a key solution for global warming and a sustainable environment. The eco-innovation is regarding as one of the important sources of this transition, however, the rate of adaptation of renewable energy remains uncomfortably low. The ambiguity still exists whether eco-innovation increases or decreases energy consumptions in both aggregate and disaggregate level. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effect of eco-innovation along with human capital, and trade openness on energy consumption at the aggregate (total) and disaggregate levels (renewable and non-renewable). For the above-mentioned objective, this study selects OECD countries' datasets between 1990 and 2017. The empirical investigation carries out using econometric techniques such as augmented mean group (AMG) and cross-section autoregressive distributed lag (CS-ARDL). The outcomes confirm that eco-innovation, human capital, and energy price play positive roles in increasing the consumption of renewable energy in the OECD region. In contrast, economic growth and trade openness still promote non-renewable energy consumption in this region. It is suggested that eco-innovation and high- skilled human capital growth be promoted to enhance the ratio of renewable energy consumption. This study further indicates that a sustainable environment could promote green growth through clean energy production and consumption.