Human Capital Formation Research Articles

Curriculum human capital and family firm

Purpose - In this review we analyze the scientific literature prior to 2022 vis-à-vis human capital as a characterizing factor in family firms. This type of organization, even if not limited to small dimensions and resources or embedded in local markets and communities, maintains some strategies and attitudes related to a small or medium family enterprise. These organizations are moved also by affective coping strategies related to the family bond that influences the interaction between family business partners. This affective commitment needs a different approach by traditional small and medium-sized enterprises, where the human capital, related to non-material factors, must be properly managed to grant its potentialities. Design/methodology/approach – By using Web of Science and Scopus as databases we obtain a cluster map of six clusters via VosViewer. Based on cluster mapping, several areas related to this topic emerge. Findings - These include firm performance, the different forms of human capital, the theme of succession (very pertinent in family firms), and the most prolific countries cited regarding this topic—the USA and Italy. Originality/Value – This work considers two ways to operate withentrepreneurial organization. The first recalls a traditional approach among many economies which base their society on this kind of enterprise, SMEs, but reach also international and important economic power; the second way considers the human capital potentialities, which can empower these organizations and buffer eventual negative effects, for example internal conflicts.

Aggregate and distributional effects of school closure mitigation policies: Public versus private education

We use a human capital formation model to compare extending school time to private education subsidies in mitigating the adverse effects of school closures. The impact on inequality and mobility depends crucially on the substitutability between private and public inputs.

ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙНО-ЕКОНОМІЧНИЙ МЕХАНІЗМ ІНВЕСТИЦІЙ У ФОРМУВАННЯ ТА РОЗВИТОК ЛЮДСЬКОГО КАПІТАЛУ

The article is devoted to substantiating the composition and interrelationship of the tools of the organizational and economic mechanism of investment in the formation and development of human capital. Investments in human capital are critical to the sustainable socio-economic development of society. They increase labor productivity through the education and qualification of workers, stimulate innovation and technological progress, ensuring the competitiveness of the economy. Also, such investments in human capital reduce social inequalities and improve the quality of life by providing access to education, health care, and other vital resources necessary for the development of each person. This contributes to the general well-being and stability of society. It is proven that scientific and technical progress and humanization of social relations are critical factors in the transformation of the factor of production "labor force" into the factor "human capital." These processes act as catalysts that stimulate investment in a person, forming a stock of health, knowledge, abilities, skills, abilities, and motivations. This ensures the income of their bearer, increases labor productivity and contributes to the growth of society's welfare. Scientific and technological progress and humanization cause positive changes through an organizational and economic investment mechanism based on a social partnership between the private sector and the state to ensure human capital financing. It was determined that the organizational and economic mechanism for the formation and development of human capital in rural areas of Ukraine involves a combination of scientific and technical progress and the humanization of social relations based on social partnership, namely a combination of investment efforts of the private sector and the state, aimed at ensuring total financing of the components that form human capital. The organizational and economic mechanism for the formation and development of human capital in rural areas of Ukraine involves a combination of scientific and technical progress and humanization of social relations based on social partnership – a combination of investment efforts of the private sector and the state, aimed at ensuring total financing of the components that form human capital.

The potential of the “Green microbiology” approach for facilitating the human capital in Kazakhstan’s chemical and petrochemical industry

Today, human capital is one of the main factors for the effective functioning of the modern economy. Human capital is the basis for developing any production branch, the basis on which all production is built. Therefore, analyzing human capital formation in the chemical and petrochemical industries is relevant today. The chemical and petrochemical industries are industries with high labor productivity. Analyzing human capital formation in these industries is necessary for further productivity growth and production efficiency. Therefore, the relevance of human capital formation in Kazakhstan’s petrochemical and chemical industries is increasing. The study aims to identify the problems in human capital formation in the chemical and petrochemical industries and provide the most effective approaches to solving these problems. The most innovative approach to forming human capital in the chemical and petrochemical industries is the “Green Microbiology” approach, which reduces the risks of diseases of workers in this industry.

ПІДВИЩЕННЯ КОНКУРЕНТОСПРОМОЖНОСТІ ТУРИСТИЧНОГО БІЗНЕСУ УКРАЇНИ

The purpose of the article is to develop directions for improving the competitiveness of the tourism business in Ukraine and to analyze the problems that complicate the formation and development of strategic, socio-cultural potential and human capital. The main components of the tourism business, which includes a wide range of activities aimed at meeting the needs and wishes of tourists (tourist accommodation facilities, transportation services, travel agencies and tour operators, restaurants, cafes and other catering establishments, entertainment and cultural services, recreation and health services, shops and souvenir shops, etc), are highlighted. In the context of the war, Ukraine's tourism business faces several serious challenges that complicate the formation and development of its strategic potential: instability, deteriorating image, reduced investment, loss of infrastructure, and social and economic problems. The main negative factors affecting the formation and development of human capital, which is one of the key components of the tourism sector's success, are security, employee migration, lack of qualifications, decreased demand for labour, and the psychological state of employees. The socio-cultural potential has a particularly significant impact on the efficiency and competitiveness of the tourism business, as it reflects cultural values, readiness for change, and other aspects that may affect the perception and distribution of tourism products. The main problems of socio-cultural potential development include a decline in cultural activity, damage to historical and cultural monuments, loss of cultural heritage, a decline in cultural tourism, changes in cultural stereotypes, and a decrease in investment in cultural development. The main areas for improving the competitiveness of Ukraine's tourism business include the development of tourism infrastructure, improving the quality of tourism services, promoting Ukraine in the global tourism market, creating a favourable environment for tourism development, and developing new types of tourism. Solving these problems requires a comprehensive approach and joint efforts of the government, an international coalition, industry organizations and the public.

МЕЖДИСЦИПЛИНАРНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ В ВУЗАХ КАК ФАКТОР РАЗВИТИЯ ЭКОСИСТЕМЫ ВОСПРОИЗВОДСТВА ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСКОГО КАПИТАЛА

This article examines the role of the higher education system in the context of the transition to a knowledge economy. It is shown that universities are becoming key participants in innovation ecosystems and ecosystems for the reproduction of human capital. This approach contributes to the innovative development of regions, strengthening their competitiveness and the formation of human capital. The study proposed a hypothesis that the organization of interdisciplinary research in universities can contribute to innovative development and the growth of human capital. It was established that there is a connection between the number of interdisciplinary projects in universities and their positions in the ranking in terms of the results of the country’s innovative development.

Human Capital Formation, Foreign Direct Investment Inflows, and Economic Growth: A Way Forward to Achieve Sustainable Development

Human Capital Formation, Foreign Direct Investment Inflows, and Economic Growth: A Way Forward to Achieve Sustainable Development

Генезис концепцій людського капіталу в економічній теорії

The aim of the article is to study the evolution of scientists’ views on the category of human capital and to reproduce the genesis of this scientific category. Human capital is considered in the article as a multifactorial intellectual system that explores the emergence, development, formation and improvement under the influence of objective and subjective factors. The article analyzes the history of the development of economic thought and the evolution of the theory of human capital. A study of the system of scientific tools of representatives of mercantilism, the school of physiocrats, classical political economy, marginalism, neoliberalism, neoclassical theory, Keynesianism, institutional school and neo-institutionalism is carried out and the possibilities of its application in the global context of human development are determined. The objective economic, organizational, historical, scientific-technical, social and institutional prerequisites for the formation of the conception of human capital are defined. The conception of human capital is a new socioeconomic paradigm, the basis for the formation of which was the transition from the traditional economic system of development to the modern or innovative system. Within the framework of the theory of human capital, a person is considered through the prism of economic processes: social production, reproduction, economic activity. This was the basis for the rapid formation and spread of the theory of human capital. Objective reality emphasizes the importance of the formation and effective use of human capital, and significant scientific achievements on this issue confirm the long process of evolutionary development and relevance regardless of time intervals. The directions for further research include the development of methods for assessing human capital, in particular on the basis of the Human Development Index, a powerful tool for analyzing global processes and transformations in society.

Формирование конкурентоспособного человеческого капитала как приоритетное направление развития рынка труда

The relevance of the topic is due to the fact that in the conditions of rapid transformation of the Russian economy the existing labor resources are not ready to compete in the labor market, as well as to rapidly adapt to the given pace of technological development of the country. For further qualitative development of human capital, it is necessary to assess the impact of possible factors, on which its competitiveness depends to a greater extent. Thus, the article identifies age periods of the life cycle of human capital, each period has its own individual characteristics and development trends. The algorithm of formation of competitive human capital is presented in order to determine the optimal and prospective development scenario.

Человеческий капитал и роль мотивации в его функционировании

The article explores the role of motivation in the functioning of human capital in the context of the information economy. The authors analyze the transformation of the concept of human capital and its importance for innovative development and sustainable economic growth. Particular attention is paid to the motivation mechanisms that influence the formation and accumulation of human capital, emphasizing the need to integrate a variety of motivation strategies to improve productivity and innovation potential.

Structural capital in the system of technological development of s

The current state of socio-economic development, characterized by a radical change in the technical and technological paradigm in a globalized world, is marked by new phenomena and processes. In contrast to previous eras, when the formation of new technological methods of production was based on a small number of breakthrough inventions that changed the structure of production, today we observe an avalanche-like development of inventions, the products of which destroy the stability of all spheres of society. Accordingly, all resources possessed by a modern company must meet the requirements of the time in terms of their quality. Under such conditions, not only intellectual capital but also other components, that enable companies to maneuver in their innovative development, become very important. Based on the analysis of modern conceptual approaches to determining the essence of the categories “structural capital” and “intellectual capital”, the article forms the concept of “national structural capital”. The latter is presented as an infrastructure for the formation, implementation and development of national human capital, an organizational and institutional system for the expanded reproduction of knowledge and skills of members of society. For the quantitative measurement of national structural capital, a methodological framework is proposed, which is based on the integral index of national structural capital created by the authors; its components are justified: knowledge & technology outputs, intangible assets, research & development (R&D), knowledge workers, knowledge absorption. Based on the proposed methodology for determining the integral index of national structural capital, its value was calculated for 26 countries for 2018-2020 and the dynamics for the period under study were shown.

Development of social and labor relations in Ukraine: opportunities for achieving sustainable development goals

The article analyzes the essence of social and labor relations (SLR) in the current socioeconomic environment, where the roles of all market actors are being reassessed. The author proposes to include not only traditional partners, but also stakeholders (scientific community, experts, and the public) as participants of the SLR. The author's concept assumes that the SLR, as a set of relationships, should be focused on the formation, implementation, and reproduction of human capital in the country. This approach implies the existence of a criterion of coherence of interests, i.e., participants direct their activities to achieve common goals. These goals include sustainable development goals, in particular, in the SLR area, the goals of gender equality, decent work, and economic development. The analysis of the SLR through the prism of achieving the defined sustainable development goals showed the following. Achievement of the goal of gender equality in Ukraine in the labor market (as a component of the SLR) is considered through equal opportunities for both sexes. Achieving equality is a process with a positive trend and is characterized by positive changes in reducing the gaps between the average wages of women and men. At the same time, the involvement of young women is decreasing (but there are objective reasons for this). In assessing the level of decent work, several basic indicators were identified: the prevalence of forced part-time employment; decent pay (which is assessed by the ability of wages to fulfill not only reproductive but also incentive functions), and the unemployment rate. It was found that the partners made the largest gaps in the area of remuneration, which reduces the ability to achieve sustainable development goals. The reasons for this are as follows: the focus of wages only on the function of labor reproduction and an inappropriate wage structure that does not motivate professional development, development, etc. The revealed level of forced partial employment at enterprises showed the sustainability of this process, which indicates the natural level of this phenomenon (it is noted that deviations from the main target may be caused by external socio-economic, political, or other reasons that produce uncertainty). As for the unemployment rate, its dynamics correlate with the domestic socioeconomic situation in the country and the ability of SLR participants to create jobs. According to the data obtained, it is confirmed that the achievement of the sustainable development goal by this indicator is in a state of stagnation (i.e., the situation is generally stable, but hidden risks remain).

ИСКУССТВЕННЫЙ ИНТЕЛЛЕКТ КАК ФАКТОР РАЗВИТИЯ ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСКОГО КАПИТАЛА

The work analyzes the impact of artificial intelligence technologies on the formation and development of human capital. As part of the study, a definition of the term “artificial intelligence” is derived, including the idea of the latter as the ability of a machine to imitate the cognitive functions inherent in humans. The duality of the approach to assessing the level of development of artificial intelligence is described, where both the state of maximum similarity to the human mind and the maximum discrepancy between artificial intelligence and its “natural” referent can be recognized as a high level. It is concluded that the role of artificial intelligence is contradictory in ensuring the development of human capital and, above all, in the ethical aspect, since artificial intelligence is devoid of human ideas about moral standards.

СУЩНОСТЬ И СТРУКТУРНЫЕ ЭЛЕМЕНТЫ ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСКОГО КАПИТАЛА

The purpose of this article is to study the concept of human capital, its impact on economic growth, as well as to identify its constituent elements. In the first part of the study, the author examines various approaches to understanding human capital and the peculiarities of the interpretation of the definition of human capital. In the study, the author highlighted that the formation of human capital occurs due to skills and abilities to work. It follows that to increase labor productivity, human capital development is necessary. A person’s interest in developing skills and abilities stimulates him to make additional investments in education, health and the development of spiritual and moral values, which, of course, leads to the evolution of human capital. In the second part of the study, the author examined the elements of human capital in more detail, and also provided arguments for the validity of these elements.

АНАЛИЗ ИНСТИТУЦИОНАЛИЗАЦИИ РАЗВИТИЯ ПРЕДПРИНИМАТЕЛЬСТВА И УСЛУГ В ЭКОНОМИКЕ ЗНАНИЙ: ВИРТУАЛИЗАЦИЯ РЫНКОВ И РЕАЛЬНОСТЬ ЗНАНИЕВЫХ УСЛУГ

The article analyzes the development of entrepreneurship on an innovative basis and the problems of human capital formation in the knowledge economy; Academic entrepreneurship has been studied, as well as the architectonics of knowledge services in the potential of an enterprise in the knowledge economy.

Людський капітал у повоєнному відновленні енергетичної галузі

Restoring the energy infrastructure damaged due to military aggression requires consistent political leadership, effective planning, financial resources, and human capital. The purpose of the article is to analyze the current state of human capital formation and justify the directions of its increase. The issue of human capital formation is presented in the article through the prism of the need for the post-war recovery of Ukraine's energy industry on an innovative basis. Within the framework of the economic mechanism of human capital formation for the needs of the energy transition, a critical component is the system of education and science. The authors assessed the "Human capital and research" factor for post-war recovery based on an input-output analysis of the components of the Global Innovation Index for Ukraine. The study showed a decrease in the contribution of the "Human capital and research" factor to the development of the innovative sphere of Ukraine during 2021-2023. The decomposition of the "Human capital and research" factor allowed us to conclude its further weakening by the following components: the total volume of education funding in % of GDP; the average performance of students according to the PISA assessment; coverage of the population by higher education; expenditure on research and development in % of GDP; the success of Ukrainian universities, measured regarding the success of the top 3 universities in the world according to the version of the QS World University Rankings. Based on the results of the analysis, steps aimed at strengthening individual components of human capital are proposed: diversification of non-state participation in both financing and provision of education, in particular through state stimulation of training at the workplace; support of employment with intensive use of knowledge; determination of priority areas of specialist training. State instruments for the implementation of these steps are: the provision of direct budget support in the form of grants and innovative transfers; the provision of state guarantees for enterprise loans obtained for the implementation of innovation and investment projects; the provision of state support for the export of carbon-free energy products; reduction of the corporate income tax base by the volume of innovation costs and personnel training costs.

On Education and Economic Growth: Whether Education Contributes to Economic Growth

Education is an important issue in economic growth studies since, presumably, educational attainment increases the level of human capital. Hence, there is a huge economic literature that analyze and explain the relationship between education and economic growth. To understand whether education contributes to economic growth, the purpose of this paper is to explain and critically review a selection of some of the most important and seminal literature on the issue. After introducing the subject of the study, the paper explains the relationship between education and economic growth, starting with the earlier, original form of growth models, and then continuing on to some of the more recent models that incorporates human capital formation. The literature is divided according to the majority and the minitory views. The paper, then, deals with the issue of education as an indirect factor of growth, through the effects on fertility, income inequality, and intergenerational productivity. The paper also considers the dissenting, or minority view on the issue.

Estimating Mincerian Earning Function for Engineering Trainings in Pakistan

Mincerian Earning Function (MEF), with its standard assumptions, is a dominant model to estimate earning returns to education through its earning-schooling relationship in labor markets. This study explores empirical evidence to estimate the MEF for different years of engineering training in Pakistan. The theoretical model of MEF is used to specify the main determinants of general education, experience, engineering training, and other variables to show a snapshot of technical training and earning relationships in Pakistan. The instrumental variable two stages least square (IV2SLS) technique gives estimates of MEF for the selected sample size of 371 qualified respondents in the fields of engineering education and training in this study. The two-stage random sampling technique is used to collect cross-sectional data, and the results are statistically significant for general education and engineering training in the case of Pakistan. General education, experience, engineering training, and the provinces associations for the respondents likely influence the log earnings of the respondents. The results put forth insightful policy implications for national and provincial public policy processes for human capital formation in the fields of science and technology.

Components of the quality of education differentiation: new reality of human capital formation

The article discusses the key areas that determine the social differentiation caused by the discrepancy between the educational services market and the labour market. Based on the social statistics data and the results of sociological research the reasons influencing the formation of professional trajectories of young people are investigated and the content of human capital within the framework of the institute of education is analysed. The authors paid special attention to the analysis of the institute which in modern society reproduces the needs of the economic system and strengthens social differentiation, allows an individual to make a holistic choice on the basis of the available educational potential. At the same time, the market of educational services is considered in conditions when supply and demand are separated in time. The search for balance in this market is the result of cooperation between social partners and the efforts of the state.

Microfinance Led Strategic Action Plan for Human Capital Formation to Achieve Sustainable Development Goals

Creating inclusive financial systems provides a way out of the persistent poverty, limited economic prospects, and subpar health and education systems. Through improved access to effective and efficient financial services, people, especially the underprivileged and women, can become more economically and socially independent, enhancing their ability to participate more fully in the economy and contribute to its expansion. Because of inadequate infrastructure, restrictive regulatory and legal environments, a lack of understanding and awareness of financial services, and perceptions among others that lending to or insuring them is risky and commercially unviable, many poor people are unable to access finance (save, borrow, or insure), which limits their ability to escape poverty. In 1974, Dr. Yunus take initiative to empower Bangladeshi women by disbursing the microloans. Women started small-scale industries and generated income to repay the loan amount with interest. The study creates linkages between microfinance and human capital revealing that there is a positive relation between them. The human capital generated through microfinance not only empowers the beneficiaries but enhances their self-esteem, self-respect, self-confidence, trust, and attitudes. The primary data was collected by applying the Wilcoxon-signed Rank Test Method on the microfinance beneficiaries of Agra District. The research suggests a microfinance-led strategic action plan to enhance human capital formation for achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.