Characteristics Of Human Behavior Research Articles

Функции диалектной лексики в интернет-коммуникации

The article analyzes the functioning of the Russian dialect vocabulary in modern discursive practices. The aim of the article is to determine the functions of dialect vocabulary in Internet communication. The relevance of the article lies in the need to study modern processes in Internet communication, the definition of trends in the development of language and speech, as well as the role of dialect vocabulary in the formation of the Russian-language communicative sphere. The novelty of the research lies in addressing the problem of discursive and functional heterogeneity of the language of the Internet, identifying zones and factors of such heterogeneity, systematizing functions of dialect words determined by the specifics of internet communication. The materials of the research include 80 text comments selected from the social network VKontakte and containing dialect lexemes belonging to the lexicalthematic group “Person”. Lexical elements were selected from the Vershinino Dictionary and include lexemes characterizing a person by social status, character, naming the features of human behavior and actions performed by a person. The research employed the descriptive method implemented by the methods of contextual analysis, systematization and classification of material. The method of partial sampling was used to collect the material. The first stage of the research described the functions of dialect vocabulary in different types of texts and discourses. At the second stage the features of the Internet as a source of material for linguistic analysis were characterized, including: accessibility, anonymity, democracy and equal positions of communicants. The third stage involved the selection of dialect material from the dictionary and the collection of comments from the social network VKontakte. The fourth stage identified the functions of the dialect word in internet communication: emotional-expressive, nominative, stylistic, voluntative, characterizing, invective, identifying functions, the function of addressing. It was determined that the allocation of the functions of dialect vocabulary varies depending on the criteria underlying classifications authors propose, depends on the subject and sphere of functioning of the text materials, their goals. The article proves that social networks make it possible to determine the functions of dialect elements, their lexical semantics, local connotations and areas.

Real‐world multimodal lifelog dataset for human behavior study

To understand the multilateral characteristics of human behavior and physiological markers related to physical, emotional, and environmental states, extensive lifelog data collection in a real-world environment is essential. Here, we propose a data collection method using multimodal mobile sensing and present a long-term dataset from 22 subjects and 616 days of experimental sessions. The dataset contains over 10 000 hours of data, including physiological, data such as photoplethysmography, electrodermal activity, and skin temperature in addition to the multivariate behavioral data. Furthermore, it consists of 10 372 user labels with emotional states and 590 days of sleep quality data. To demonstrate feasibility, human activity recognition was applied on the sensor data using a convolutional neural network-based deep learning model with 92.78% recognition accuracy. From the activity recognition result, we extracted the daily behavior pattern and discovered five representative models by applying spectral clustering. This demonstrates that the dataset contributed toward understanding human behavior using multimodal data accumulated throughout daily lives under natural conditions.

Categories of Person in Conflict and Methods of Conflict Resolution in the Occurrence of Conflicts between Medical Personnel

This article presents the ideas of the structure of conflicts and conflict situations, the conditions of their occurrence and characteristics of human behavior in conflict situations.

Вплив соціальних мереж на психологічне функціонування особистості: до постановки проблеми

Nowadays, psychology has entered a new era of its development. This is directly related to a phenomenon of cyberspace, the space in which the digital dimension of modern human life is manifested. Within the context of the development of new technologies around the world, cyberpsychology has emerged. It aims to understand the psychological processes associated with all aspects and features of human behavior in cyberspace. Cyberpsychology is faced with many challenges, and the impact of social media on mental health and psychological well-being is among them. The article attempts to investigate the influence of social networks on psychological functioning of an individual. While some researchers emphasize the positive impact of social networks on psychological well-being, others are focused on the dangers of cyberspace. Recent study suggests that long-term use of social networking sites may be associated with symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress, loneliness, and low self-esteem. As far as social networks are a relatively new phenomenon, the potential link between their use and mental health and psychological well-being has not yet been properly explored, and the scientific community has not yet been able to fully interpret the results and reach a definite conclusion. The relationship between the use of social networks and psychological functioning is not that simple and unambiguous; it depends on many factors, such as the way to use it, communication patterns, emotional state, comorbidities, self-awareness, motivation, values, attitudes, and preferences. Today, we cannot avoid cyberspace, thus, the health and well-being of both the individual and society depend on our ability to interact effectively within it.

Self-adaptable anti-interference scheme based on light-path blocking in an hybrid WiFi-VLC network.

In this paper, a self-adaptable anti-interference scheme in a hybrid wireless fidelity (WiFi) and visible light communication (VLC) network is firstly proposed by light-path blocking. By human behavior characteristics, a user-device position relationship model is constructed to determine users' orientations. By the model, a strategy of choosing access points (AP) is present. By the strategy, communicating APs can be self-adaptively selected to match them with users' orientations. In the scheme, interference signals can be effectively blocked through the user's body to ensure normal communication. Finally,the effectiveness of the scheme has been demonstrated with simulations. Also, the scheme has its comparative advantages of not only saving energy, increasing SINR and lifting the availability of the hybrid WiFi-VLC network but also having faster response speed of network, higher efficiency of user access, easier implementation and lower cost.

Why Do Beliefs, Misunderstandings, and Lack of Attention Occur? - Considering Patient Safety from the Viewpoint of the Characteristics of Human Cognition and Behavior

医療場面のヒューマンエラーは「医療関係者や家族，患者自身の認知，判断，行動などによって，本来期待された治療の機会が損なわれること」を指す．本稿では，行動の基盤となる情報処理過程を踏まえ，“To err is human”の所以の理解を試みた．まず，注意の特性と思考の癖（認知バイアス）に焦点を当て，思い込み，勘違い，注意不足が生じるメカニズムについて検討した．次にヒューマンエラーの問題にチームとして取り組むために重要となるコミュニケーションの問題を取り上げた．本稿が，自身の認知・行動の特性を理解し，日々現場で経験する事象を人間の情報処理の観点から捉えなおす機会となれば幸いである．

Analisis Karakteristik Perilaku Manusia Konteks Kitab Targhib Wa Tarhib As-Syeikh Husein (Hafidz Al-Mundziri)

This study was conducted to describe and measure: (1) Characteristics of human behavior (2) Behavior based on the concept of the book Targhib wa Tarhib As-Syeikh Husein. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative is literature study. The results of this study indicate: (1) The characteristics of human behavior indicate a variety of human behavior. This diversity depends on how it is managed. In this case, of course, humans as the center of the center (2) Characteristics of human behavior in the context of Targhib wa Tarhib is to explain the Islamic concept of how behavior can refer to the direction of reward and punishment. Does something deserve appreciation or refers to the negligence that caused the punishment to be given. In this way, the Islamic concept also recognizes that praiseworthy behavior can be imitated, so that it is entitled to praise, praise and appreciation, while on the contrary, it is the same.

Humanoid Robot: A Review

Abstract: Technology is ever evolving regardless of the current conditions. Emerging technologies have capability to change the world. Innovation is everywhere we look. One of the technologies that is emerging is Humanoid Robotics. This paper gives a review about influence of Humanoid Robot in human life also discuss the appearance of various robots. Artists, engineers and scientists have all been inspired by the human body and intellect. Humanoid Robotics is focused with the creation of robots that are inspired directly by human abilities. A humanoid robot is the one with a body that is designed to look like a human. Humanoid Robots imitate characteristics of human form and behaviour selectively. The robot could be used for practical purposes, such as interacting with human equipment and environments or for research purposes, such as investigating biped walking. Keywords: Biped Robot, Degrees of Freedom, Humanoid Robot, Human-Robot Interaction

Quantifying the subjective cost of self-control in humans

Since Odysseus committed to resisting the Sirens, mechanisms to limit self-control failure have been a central feature of human behavior. Psychologists have long argued that the use of self-control is an effortful process and, more recently, that its failure arises when the cognitive costs of self-control outweigh its perceived benefits. In a similar way, economists have argued that sophisticated choosers can adopt "precommitment strategies" that tie the hands of their future selves in order to reduce these costs. Yet, we still lack an empirical tool to quantify and demonstrate the cost of self-control. Here, we develop and validate an economic decision-making task to quantify the subjective cost of self-control by determining the monetary cost a person is willing to incur in order to eliminate the need for self-control. We find that humans will pay to avoid having to exert self-control in a way that scales with increasing levels of temptation and that these costs appear to be modulated both by motivational incentives and stress exposure. Our psychophysical approach allows us to index moment-to-moment self-control costs at the within-subject level, validating important theoretical work across multiple disciplines and opening avenues of self-control research in healthy and clinical populations.

Five Breakthroughs: A First Approximation of Brain Evolution From Early Bilaterians to Humans.

Retracing the evolutionary steps by which human brains evolved can offer insights into the underlying mechanisms of human brain function as well as the phylogenetic origin of various features of human behavior. To this end, this article presents a model for interpreting the physical and behavioral modifications throughout major milestones in human brain evolution. This model introduces the concept of a “breakthrough” as a useful tool for interpreting suites of brain modifications and the various adaptive behaviors these modifications enabled. This offers a unique view into the ordered steps by which human brains evolved and suggests several unique hypotheses on the mechanisms of human brain function.

Multi-modal feature fusion for better understanding of human personality traits in social human–robot interaction

Since the dynamic nature of human–robot interaction becomes increasingly prevalent in our daily life, there is a great demand for enabling the robot to better understand human personality traits and inspiring humans to be more engaged in the interaction with the robot. Therefore, in this work, as we design the paradigm of human–robot interaction as close to the real situation as possible, the following three main problems are addressed: (1) fusion of visual and audio features of human interaction modalities, (2) integration of variable length feature vectors, and (3) compensation of shaky camera motion caused by movements of the robot’s communicative gesture. Specifically, the three most important visual features of humans including head motion, gaze, and body motion were extracted from a camera mounted on the robot performing verbal and body gestures during the interaction. Then, our system was geared to fuse the aforementioned visual features and different types of vocal features, such as voice pitch, voice energy, and Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficient, dealing with variable length multiple feature vectors. Lastly, considering unknown patterns and sequential characteristics of human communicative behavior, we proposed a multi-layer Hidden Markov Model that improved the classification accuracy of personality traits and offered notable advantages of fusing the multiple features. The results were thoroughly analyzed and supported by psychological studies. The proposed multi-modal fusion approach is expected to deepen the communicative competence of social robots interacting with humans from different cultures and backgrounds.

Dynamic Periodic Location Encounter Network Analysis for Vehicular Social Networks

Vehicular social networks (VSNs) are considered as an emerging class of vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) with social attributes. In contrast to the traditional randomly distributed human social networks, vehicles normally only move along fıxed paths. As such, information sharing and forwarding become challenging because of the high speed of vehicles, complicated propagation environment, and quickly changing network topologies. The social characteristics and human behavior features are used to improve the effıciency of information delivery among vehicles in VANETs. In this paper, we propose a dynamic periodic location encounter network (DPLEN) model that considering both time-varying and location-varying characteristics of vehicles. We calculate the line similarity for each encountered pair of vehicles based on the periodic time and location information of the encounter event, and analyze social attributes based on the network model, such as the Community structure, Betweenness Centrality and K-shell. We also use the similarity to design two routing protocols for unicast and multicast patterns. After testing the proposed model on empirically collected datasets of mobility traces, the results show that these two routing protocols are able to greatly improve the efficiency of information forwarding in the VSNs.

Spatial thinking, cognitive mapping, and spatial awareness.

This article looks at wayfinding and spatial orientation as important everyday spatial thinking skills and discusses why some people have difficultywith the skills and how one can assist people with difficulty in navigation. It first clarifies the characteristics of human spatial cognition and behavior and the tendency of spatial knowledge to be distorted and fragmented in the environment. In particular, it emphasizes the existence of large individual differences in the skill of cognitive mapping, namely the accuracy of metric and configurational understanding of the environment. The article then looks at difficulties associated with the use of maps and description of spatial relations. Given these difficulties, the article discusses the possibilities of assisting people with mobile navigation tools and improving the skill of cognitive mapping by training in spatial orientation. Implications for the development of user-adapted and context-aware navigation assistance and the significance of research from an individual differences perspective are finally discussed.

Revealing correlation patterns of individual location activity motifs between workdays and day-offs using massive mobile phone data

Recently, people are increasingly interested in understanding broader and longer-term individual activity-travel behaviors across days or even weeks. However, the relationship of individual daily activity-travel behaviors over multi-days only remains partially revealed, especially between workdays and day-offs. Thus, we develop an effective framework to extract individual daily activity-travel patterns from massive mobile phone network data on basis of location activity motifs (LAMs), which are beneficial to combining the locations, activities, and trips in daily activity-travel behaviors. We then discover that the modified number of LAMs over time conforms well to the classic exploration and preferential return (EPR) model after excluding the influence of the number of trips, which reproduces the human activity-travel behavior characteristics on daily scale and indicates that the complex relationship of LAMs exists between workdays and day-offs. Furthermore, we emphasize three categories of correlation patterns while the relationship of LAMs between workdays and day-offs is instantiated using association rules mining algorithm. Ultimately, the regular individual differences and obvious spatial heterogeneity reveal the formation mechanism of correlation patterns. These empirical results contribute to develop different but related transportation strategies between workdays and day-offs by understanding individual daily activity-travel behaviors.

A preliminary analysis of wound care and other-regarding behavior in wild chimpanzees at Ngogo, Kibale National Park, Uganda.

Caring for others is a key feature of human behavior. Mothers, fathers, siblings, grandparents, and other group members provide care in the form of provisioning, protection, and first aid. To what extent is other-regarding behavior present in our primate relatives? Here we describe an unusual incident of other-regarding behavior toward an injured juvenile female chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) at Ngogo in Kibale National Park, Uganda. After the juvenile received a mild head wound from an adult female, several adolescent and juvenile chimpanzees gathered to touch, lick, and peer at the wound. One adolescent male wiped a leaf across the cut. Another adolescent male later groomed the injured female and briefly carried her. Across a 5-year period, we observed only three other instances of other-directed wound care in chimpanzees, occurring in 4% (4/100) of cases in which we observed individuals with fresh wounds, and 57 other instances of allomaternal carrying. Despite the infrequency of such behaviors, our study adds another chimpanzee field site to the list of those where other-directed wound care has been observed. Observations from wild chimpanzees provide insight into empathy and may inform our understanding of the evolution of other-regarding behavior in humans.

Autonomous Navigation Using Deep Reinforcement Learning in ROS

For an autonomous robot to move safely in an environment where people are around and moving dynamically without knowing their goal position, it is required to set navigation rules and human behaviors. This problem is challenging with the highly stochastic behavior of people. Previous methods believe to provide features of human behavior, but these features vary from person to person. The method focuses on setting social norms that are telling the robot what not to do. With deep reinforcement learning, it has become possible to set a time-efficient navigation scheme that regulates social norms. The solution enables mobile robot full autonomy along with collision avoidance in people rich environment.

An Environment for Transforming Game Character Animations Based on Nationality and Profession Personality Stereotypes

A vast body of literature has dealt with the challenges of creating the impression of human appearance and human-like motion in the animation of game characters. In this paper, we further refine these efforts by creating a flexible environment for animating game characters endowed with personality, which is a core descriptor of stable characteristics of human behavior and which is often expressed in human movement. We base our work on the Big Five personality traits, also known as OCEAN (Openness, Conscientiousness, Extroversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism). Our environment incorporates a procedural mapping from OCEAN personality traits to movement modifiers that alter existing motions in ways compatible with a desired personality. Using Amazon Mechanical Turk, we collected stereotypical personality profiles for 135 nationalities and 100 professions. We integrated these stereotypical personality expectations into an interactive interface in Unity3D. Users can linearly blend the nationality and profession OCEAN parameters and individually adjust them for specific characters or groups. The results are validated using Amazon Mechanical Turk pairwise judgments on character types based on movements.

Machine-generated theories of human decision-making.

Deep neural networks highlight features of human behavior

Development of a novel model of intervertebral disc degeneration by the intradiscal application of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) in rat

BACKGROUND CONTEXTLow back pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders. Although, the pathology of intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration has been modeled using various biological methods, these models are inadequate for simulating similar pathologic states in humans. PURPOSEThis study investigated whether monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) injection into the IVD of rats could generate a reliable model of IVD degeneration. STUDY DESIGN/SETTINGSIn vivo animal study. METHODSMIA was injected into two-disc spaces (L4-5 and L5-6) of Sprague–Dawley rats. Their behaviors were examined by measuring weight load shifts from hind to forefoot, rearing, and von Frey tests. We examined the inhibition of pain behavior through intraperitoneal morphine injection and measured cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) levels in the IVD and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) by Western blot. Bone alterations were assessed by microfocus computed tomography (micro-CT), and IVD and/or cartilage changes were evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin and safranin-O staining and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) immunohistochemistry. The other authors declare no conflicts of interest. This project funded by the Memorial Fund and the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF). RESULTSWe observed increased weight load shifts to the forefoot and decreased rearing. Morphine-injected rats showed reduced pain. NF-κB and COX-2 expression increased in the IVD and left and/or right DRG. Micro-CT analyses suggested progressive bone deformation. Histologic examination showed decreased IVD width and nucleus pulposus area. Cartilaginous changes indicated epiphyseal growth plate loss. Finally, iNOS expression was increased in the subchondral endplate. CONCLUSIONSThese results suggest that low back pain (LBP) models can be developed by MIA injection into the IVDs of rats and that an animal model is useful for exploring degenerative alterations in the affected discs. Therefore, MIA injection may be a useful model for the study of changes in the IVD to elucidate the mechanisms underlying clinical symptoms, such as LBP, in patients with IVD degeneration. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEThis model in which MIA was injected into the disc better represented the human histologic and behavioral characteristics than the existing puncture model.

Personal Trajectory with Ring Structure Network: Algorithms and Experiments

Network theory has provided a new analytical tool for the study of human trajectory and has also achieved rapid development in the complex network field. Conventional network model or complex network model ignores some details and cannot display the most remarkable features for a GPS based personal trajectory. It is necessary to set up a new personal trajectory model. For the purpose of researching the characteristics of trajectory for one person in a long time, we collected a GPS based personal LifeLog dataset named Liu Lifelog in the past 9 years. This paper analyzed the Liu Lifelog and proposed a ring structure personal trajectory (RSPT) model based on the basic complex network model. We discussed the definition, source, characteristic and attribute of the RSPT model and tested the model with the dataset which was provided by the Geolife project and verified that the model described the characteristic of trajectory for a person well. The result shows that this model is feasible and it can predict the human behavior characteristics more accurately and effectively.