History Of Psychology Research Articles

Weaving Together the Ancient and the Contemporary: Intersections of the Bhagavad Gita with Modern Psychology.

The Bhagavad Gita is a well-known and deeply respected ancient text from the Indian subcontinent. It is widely regarded as a storehouse of spiritual knowledge. This article explores the different ways in which psychologists have approached the study of the Gita and the extent to which it has been acknowledged as providing concepts that can contribute to the creation of mental well-being in modern times. It is important to understand the status accorded to the Gita within psychology and the contributions it can make to the growth of the psychological sciences. Psychology as we know it today developed largely within the academic institutions of Europe and North America and began its steep rise to recognition and fame largely in the first half of the 20th century. Western 'scientific' theories, concepts, and writings were carried to and widely disseminated in countries with diverse cultures. In this process indigenous, cultural and philosophical forms of knowledge that could have been incorporated into the evolving discipline were largely ignored or marginalized. The time has come to begin an exploration of such resources to assess how they can contribute to enhancing psychology's acceptance in different parts of the world. Given psychology's wide base of applications, it would be beneficial to explore its links with the message of the Bhagavad Gita. This study presents an analysis of 24 articles on the Bhagavad Gita that are of psychological significance and have been published in the last 10 years (2012-2022). Three themes addressing the ways in which this text has been approached by contemporary psychologists were elicited: (1) comparisons with modern psychotherapy, (2) preludes to modern psychological concepts and (3) potential for building well-being and resilience. In addition to this analysis, the article explores a powerful message contained in the Gita around seeking support for mental health issues, a message that has not been widely recognized to date.

Психологическая природа обобщений

<p>The article analyzes the fundamental problem, known in philosophy as the problem of universals, and in psychology as the problem of the essence and types of generalizations. The authors point to the internal inconsistency and lack of persuasiveness of the traditional interpretation of the nature of generalizations proposed by Aristotle. All modern psychology, as indicated in the article, remains a prisoner of the empirical way of generating the general, imposed by the Stagirite. The authors see ways to solve the problem of generalizations in the paradoxical formula proposed by L.S. Vygotsky, who argued that generalization and communication are two sides of the same time. According to this formula, as we communicate, so we generalize, and vice versa. Guided by the most important principle of the cultural-historical approach - the principle of historicism, the authors consider the origin and essence of generalizations in ontogeny. The article highlights and discusses six types of sequentially emerging generalizations. The very first generalization that appears in young children, which can be called primary, sheds light on the inner nature and essence of generalizations, which are a folded program of actions to achieve the goal generated by the child. The next type and level of generalizations can be named after L.S. Vygotsky, worldly concepts and ideas. They differ significantly from the empirical generalizations imposed on children by existing educational methods and programs. According to the authors, the child's mastery of certain levels and types of generalizations is a natural process of development of the psyche and consciousness. At the turn of preschool and primary school age, children develop theoretical thinking with a predominant focus on the mode of action; in the middle grades, they master functional generalizations and a functional style of thinking. In older adolescence and youthful age, opportunities open up for them to familiarize themselves with the scientific and philosophical level of thinking, thanks to the scientific and philosophical types of generalizations. The development of generalizations in the cultural-historical theory is an internal, and, therefore, an essential characteristic of the development of human consciousness.</p>

Impact of COVID-19 on a cardiac catheterization lab in the post-COVID-19 era

Introduction: In May 2022, there was a worldwide shortage of contrast, including Iodine 270 mg/mL Visipaque/Iodixanol Injection. Due to the severe shortage, our catheterization lab had depleted its stores of Iodine 270 mg/mL Visipaque and could only acquire the Iodine 320 mg/mL Visipaque/Iodixanol Injection. Following the switch, a subset of our patients began experiencing similar severe and some life-threatening adverse reactions that could not be attributed to other causes.Methods: A retrospective review of all adverse reactions from interventional procedures performed with the new contrast in September 2022 and October 2022 was collected. Patient demographics, allergies, comorbidities, medications used (including sedation), adverse reactions, and type of contrast formulation were recorded and analyzed.Results: Seven cases were identified using the Iodine 320 mg/mL Visipaque/Iodixanol Injection contrast with dilution done as per procedure. No other change was adopted in either medication used or procedure. Three patients experienced post-procedural nausea and vomiting. One patient with no psychological history experienced brief but extreme agitation and aggression. Five patients required overnight admission due to severe postoperative shivering. Two of these patients required urgent warming measures, and one patient recorded a life-threatening temperature, requiring drastic cooling measures. In addition, one patient (patient 3) was readmitted to ICU with high-grade fever and chills. The common factor in all patients was the development of shivering a few hours after administration of the new contrast. All patients recovered after receiving medications to treat symptoms and hypertension.Conclusion: Our review identified several adverse reaction cases over the course of a couple months immediately following the change in contrast used. Once the supply of the original Iodine 270 mg/mL Iodixanol Injection was restored, adverse reactions ceased, and none occurred in the following months. Disruptions in the supply chain imposed by COVID-19 forced departure from preferred methods and adaptation to maintain continuity of care. Even as the worst of the global pandemic is over, health care providers must continue to be proactive and adaptive to the long-term disruptions of health care caused by the ripple effects of COVID-19.
 Key words: COVID-19, angiography, contrast agents, adverse reactions

Alfred Adler’s Individual Psychology in Light of Classical Persian Literature

This paper aims to present a tentative analysis of the possible commonalities and differences between Adlerian individual psychology and classical Persian literary texts of the pre-modern period written by mystics Abu Saeed Abu al-Khair, Jami, Saadi, and Rumi. The authors put forward the suggestion that modern psychological approaches, especially those dealing with education of children, might be rooted in the teachings of Iranian mystics. In mysticism and classical Iranian literature, like in Adlerian psychology, much attention is given to human nature in its entirety and personality development. The analysis focuses on such core aspects of Adler’s theory as the feeling of inferiority and the striving for recognition, the influence of family and social environment on personality development and lifestyle. It is shown that, like Adler’s individual psychology, classical Persian texts stress the importance of the social aspect in the child’s development but while Adler believed in the freedom of choice and people’s creative power to change their personality structure (lifestyle), the classical Iranian authors emphasized the existence of a certain “true nature” that cannot be influenced by education or social environment. These findings can inspire future research into the possible connections between the holistic personality theories in modern psychology and the philosophical thought in classical Persian literature.

DESIGN IN BOOKS FOR NEWBORNS

In the 21st century, the market for children’s illustrated books is rich in genres, design, and inclusion of interactive content. Depending on the contextual and illustrative content, products are labelled taking into account the division into age categories, the features of which are spelled out in the Federal Law No. 436-FZ of December 29, 2010 “On protecting children from information harmful to their health and development”. Belonging to a particular group is determined by the special needs that exist at each age and which are directly reflected in illustrations, textual material and plot. For example, books for preschool children up to and including 6 years of age are labelled 0+. To understand the design features of this category, it is necessary to study the needs and abilities of the group, as books must be adapted to the needs of their audience. Age can be understood as an absolute and quantitative concept, as well as stages in the processes of physiological and psychological development. In the history of child psychology, there are several variations of age periodization: according to an external criterion (R. Zazzo), an internal criterion (P. Blonsky) and complex age criteria (L. Vygotsky, D. Elkonin, V. Slobodchikov and others). A book is a symbiosis of textual and illustrative material, and interaction with it, especially in the early stages of development, involves (“switches on”) all sensory systems and affects mental development. Therefore, the periodization of Vygotsky formed the basis for the study of design in children’s interactive books. In Vygotsky’s works, it is worth noting that the category 0+ includes several age periods: the neonatal crisis (0–2 months), the stable period of infancy (2 months — 1 year), the crisis of the first year of life, stable early childhood (1–3 years), crisis of three years, stable preschool age (3 years — 6 years). After birth, a child begins a consistent, literally weekly, development of physiological and psychological functions, in parallel with this, his or her needs and interests are lined up. For this reason, it was decided to study the characteristics of each of the groups and the consistency of the design in classic books and books with the inclusion of interactive content for children under 6 years old. The article considers the period of infancy up to 1 year. At a very early age, babies are not yet able to understand the plot or recognize objects in the illustrations, name them. However, it is at this time that the base of the passive vocabulary is formed, the first acquaintance with the outside world and the work of mirror neurons begins, and all of the above is based on emotional experience, which the child receives from the environment. The design of children’s books for newborns is based on physiological features: the beginning of the development of fine motor skills, skills in handling objects; black and white perception of reality; later — addition of red, green, blue and yellow colours; realism of images to build a recognizable picture of the world, the minimum amount of a text message adapted to the understanding and development of basic speech (abbreviations in the form of onomatopoeia for the names of objects); safe materials for self-interaction. Thus, a book for newborns is aimed at a child’s first acquaintance with the world around, the development of the sensory system, fine motor skills, and primary socialisation with close adults.

Beauty and the sharp fangs of the beast: degree of angularity predicts perceived preference and threat.

The evaluation of angular vs. curved forms has a long history in psychology but few of the many studies conducted have examined actual degree of angularity. In two experiments, we present observers with randomly positioned and randomly oriented texture displays of angles viewed within a circular frame. The angle conditions varied from 0° to 180° in 20° increments, covering the entire spectrum of possibilities including acute, obtuse, right, and straight line angles. In Experiment 1, 25 undergraduates rated the perceived beauty of these displays. In Experiment 2, the same stimulus set and procedure were used with 27 participants instead judging perceived threat. Based on the findings in the literature, we predicted that sharper angles would be judged less beautiful and more threatening. The results were mostly confirmed. Acute angles are preferred less but there are also distinct preferences for right angles and straight lines, perhaps due to their greater familiarity in constructed environments. There was a consistent and anticipated finding for threat in the second study: the sharper an angle, the greater its perceived threat. Fear of sharp objects as assessed in a personality questionnaire was found to positively correlate with threat judgements. Future work should look more closely at degree of angularity in embedded object contours and at individual response differences.

The history of international traffic and transport psychology: How a few created a conference, division, and journal for the many

At the 7th International Conference on Traffic and Transport Psychology (ICTTP), I made a comment that our special issue to come from 10 selected papers could be augmented by one more: a brief history of ICTTP, its home division (Division 13 of the International Association of Applied Psychology, or IAAP), and flagship journal (Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, or TRF). This paper is the result of that suggestion. What follows is not an empirical article that readers are accustomed to finding in TRF. It is a narrative that introduces readers to a few key individuals and moments in time that were critical in the creation of these three components of the traffic psychology discipline. The history in this paper could not be comprehensive, for as I explored the public record and spoke with or received email communications and documents from 12 individuals who were among the founders or knew critical details about their actions, I discovered there is so much more material worthy of exploration than could be addressed in this one manuscript. Alas, I am limited to introducing our historical organization only as a launching point for readers and me to have a foundation to research more. Readers will learn (and for some be reminded) of the discipline’s international organizational roots. We as a community have benefited in significant ways from these founding members. It is time to give them their due.

The Adult Difficult Intravenous Access (DIVA) Cognitive Aid: An Evidence-Based Cognitive Aid Prototype for Difficult Peripheral Venous Access.

Difficult intravenous access (DIVA) is common, with imperfect solutions. Cognitive aids are widespread in anaesthesia; however, a standard DIVA cognitive aid is lacking. This article describes a cognitive aid for DIVA. It has been developed using evidence-based techniques for DIVA. The effects of heuristics, biases, and automatic thinking on procedural decision-making are briefly discussed. While often useful, shortcut decision-making can impair the performance of apparently simple tasks. Cognitive aids may lead to better outcomes by providing choice architecture. This resource is intended as a cognitive aid prototype for difficult peripheral venous access, incorporating both modern behavioural psychology principles and evidence-based medicine. It may be used as both an educational tool, or as a cognitive aid to assist in situations where DIVA is encountered or expected. The adult DIVA cognitive aid is intended for use in both elective and emergency scenarios by practitioners adequately trained in ultrasound-guided or ultrasound-assisted vascular access and Seldinger-based techniques. Clinical implementation and audit of the adult DIVA cognitive aid, or similar locally developed cognitive aids based on this prototypeare recommended.

The subjective approach in the study of regional psychology

The authors of the article substantiate the problem of developing the theoretical and methodological foundations of the historical and psychological study of the development of regional psychology, which reveals specifics in comparison with the development of national psychology; the relevance and prospects of the study of collective forms of organization and development of regional psychology, the implementation of a subjective approach in their study. The subject of the theoretical analysis is the methodological foundations of the implementation of the subjective approach in the historical and psychological study of regional psychology. Based on the theoretical and methodological foundations of the history of psychology, proposed and substantiated in the works of V.A. Koltsova, the fundamentals of the implementation of the subjective approach at the philosophical, epistemological, general scientific, special scientific and specifically scientific levels of the methodology of historical and psychological research are determined. The main attention is paid to the analysis of the conceptual provisions presented in the scientific works of M.G. Yaroshevsky, philosophical and general psychological publications of S.L. Rubinstein and A.V. Brushlinsky, as well as the socio-psychological works of A.L. Zhuravlev. This makes it possible to determine the possibilities of studying a collective subject as active, self-determined and self-organizing, and to limit the scope of application of the principle of determinism as causality in explaining the development of regional psychology. An important conclusion of the analysis is the statement as the most important basis for the study of the dynamics of collective forms of organization of science of A.L. Zhuravlev's ideas about the levels and stages of a collective subject, implemented in the historical and psychological studies of the development of domestic psychology by O.A. Artemeva. The application in the history of psychology of the general scientific principle of systemacy and specifically scientific principles of hierarchy and unity of theory, experiment and practice allows us to reveal the dependence of scientific knowledge on the practice of its subject and to study the development of regional psychology as a multipronged, multidimensional and multilevel process, taking into account its systemic determination. The scientific novelty of the approach presented in the article consists in a theoretically justified appeal to the poorly developed problem of the development of regional psychology and the definition of the methodological foundations of its solution in line with the history of psychology.

Mental Health Conditions and Health-related Quality of Life Changes after Reduction Mammaplasty in Younger Patients.

A prospective cohort study was performed on patients aged 12-21 years undergoing reduction mammaplasty. Patients were assigned to unaffected or affected (baseline mental health condition) cohorts based on psychological history. Patients completed the Short-form-36, Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, Eating Attitudes Test 26, and Breast-related Symptoms Questionnaire at baseline and postoperatively. A total of 250 patients were included (81 affected and 169 unaffected). Mean age at surgery was 17.9 ± 2.0 and 18.1 ± 1.8 years for affected and unaffected patients, respectively. Anxiety (n = 59, 23.6%) and depression (n = 38, 15.2%) were the most prevalent conditions. Affected patients were outscored by controls at baseline and postoperatively in most measures. However, significant score improvements were also reported in the affected cohort. In fact, the magnitude of score improvements observed in both cohorts were similar (P > 0.05, all). Baseline mental health conditions are common in young patients presenting for reduction mammaplasty. After surgery, health-related quality of life in affected patients remains below unaffected peers; however, significant and similar gains are achieved. We advise providers to recommend mental health treatment to affected patients, but not preclude otherwise appropriate candidates from surgery.

From transidentity to transidentification quick triggering of gender dysphoria in adolescents confronting the malaise of puberty

ObjectivesThis article discusses the new phenomenon of a significant increase in requests for social and even medical transition, mainly from adolescents who identify as trans and often feel uncomfortable in their bodies. In France, as in all industrialized countries, this exponential increase is linked to the use of digital social networks. This phenomenon of transidentification, which we distinguish from gender dysphoria, contrasts with the previous descriptions affecting mainly adult men (who have transitioned in adulthood). We will try to understand this important increase in requests and we will try to understand the meaning of the trans identification of these adolescents. MethodFirst, in order to understand the emergence and the context of appearance of gender dysphoria in the psychological organization of young people, we will rely on studies that have highlighted the psychopathological comorbidities of transidentification. Then, we will present an analysis of certain invariants identified in our clinical practice, based on a group of 26 adolescents, around psychological history, psychic structure, and family functioning. ResultsThese elements will allow us to discuss “transidentification,” which is more a process of identification with the signifier “trans” than a fixed identity and which seems to be a solution to pubertal malaise. We will conclude on the types of psychotherapeutic treatments that seem relevant to these adolescents. DiscussionWhat psychotherapeutic care should be given to these young people? How can we listen to the request for a sex change in a hyper-connected society where images flow in a present time disconnected from history? ConclusionTransidentification is a concept that seems to us to be heuristic to think about the significant and recent increase of adolescents who present a dysphoria that seems more linked to puberty itself than to gender.

Дело о поджоге Рейхстага в 1933 г. с позиций психологической экспертизы достоверности показаний в Германии

The scientific discussion that has been going on in recent decades about the possibility and admissibility of examination of the reliability of testimony demands the study of some leading foreign countries experience, where such examination has long become a fact of practical jurisprudence. 
 The goal of the study is to analyse the theoretical insights of German scientists and experts into the most resonant facts from the perspective of modern psychological expertise.
 The object of the study is the case of the Reichstag fire, 1933. Marinus van der Lubbe, a worker from the Dutch Leiden, was accused of setting the Reichstag on fire and then sentenced to death. In 2007 the law on “Abolition of unjust judgments of the national socialist regime” (1998) granted a pardon to van der Lubbe without revision au fond. To this day, there are disputes about the involvement of van der Lubbe in organizing the arson and his guilt. The German psychologist Hartmut Böhm made an attempt to evaluate van der Lubbe’s testimony from the perspective of modern psychology and forensic psychological examination of the reliability of testimony. The article briefly outlines some results of this attempt to give a general idea of the logic of the developed and recognized tools applied.

Оценка эффективности интегративной программы мотивационного тренинга (ИПМТ) у больных шизофренией, проходящих лечение в стационаре психиатрической больницы, и у проживающих в ПНИ

<p><strong>Rationale.</strong> For effective reforming the system of mental health, the system of residential institutions for psychiatric patients (PRI) in the Russian Federation, the development and validation of efficiency of scientifically based methods of socializing psychiatric patients through the activation and development of their psychological resources and social competencies are of particular significance. Among the residents of PRI 46,9% have schizophrenia. <strong>Study Objective. </strong>Verification of efficiency of the original integrative motivational training program (IPMT) in two samples of patients with schizophrenia: those on inpatient treatment and those living in PRI. <strong>Materials and methods.</strong> In total, 11 training groups were carried out for the patients with schizophrenia, undergoing treatment in Psychiatric Clinical Hospital No. 4 n.a. Gannushkin (PCH) (total 45 persons, average age 44, 32 women and 13 men with different duration of the disease), and 7 training groups were conducted for the patients in PRI (total 35 persons, average age 50, 17 women and 18 men with duration of the disease over 5 years). The efficiency of the training was estimated using self-assessment instruments that the patients completed before and after the training: “Self-efficacy Diagnostics”, “Coping Strategy Indicator”, “Compliance”, “Social Avoidance and Distress Scale” (SADS), “Feedback Questionnaire”. <strong>Results.</strong> The proposed program motivational training is based on principles close to those of the recovery-oriented cognitive therapy (CT-R), cultural and historical psychology and reflection-activity approach, and contributes to positive changes in the motivational sphere of patients with schizophrenia. In the sample of patients from PCH, the indicators of social anxiety have statistically significantly reduced and there has been an increase in indicators of self-efficacy and compliance. At the level close to statistical significance, the frequency of using a problem-solving strategy has increased, the indicators of their avoidance strategy have decreased, and the indicators of a seeking social support strategy have not changed. In the sample of patients from the PRI, on the contrary, the frequency of using a constructive seeking social support strategy has statistically significantly increased. At the same time, the overall indicator of their social anxiety has reduced, and the overall indicator of their self-efficacy has increased at the level close to statistical significance. The absence of statistically significant dynamics in the variables of compliance and using a problem-solving strategy, as well as in using a destructive avoidance strategy indicates that these deficits are the most persistent and require an additional targeted work. The training participants from both samples have subjectively highly evaluated the results of the training and the changes that they have experienced. <strong>Output.</strong> There has been a preliminary conclusion made about the efficiency of IPMT for delivering on the target of increasing the resources for socializing patients with schizophrenia, both in PCH and PRI. The main differences in two samples are related to the fact that in the PRI group, in contrast to the PCH group, the indicator of a seeking social support strategy has increased, and use of dysfunctional strategies and compliance problems are more stable. The prospects for this research work consist in expanding the samples and analyzing the influence of such factors gender, age, duration of the disease and duration of stay in the residential facility.</p>

Anxiety Among Correctional/Detention Health Professionals and Associated Risk Factors During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic.

Correctional health professionals are vulnerable to the negative mental health outcomes associated with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. A cross-sectional survey was conducted to assess anxiety symptoms in health professionals who work in correctional/detention facilities and identify associated risk factors. Data were collected from 192 health professionals from March 23 to June 30, 2021. The prevalence and degree of anxiety symptoms were assessed by the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) scale. Chi square, Mann-Whitney U, and Pearson's correlation were used to assess the associations among anxiety scores and demographic data, COVID-19 exposures, medical and psychological history, and isolation practices. Of the sample, 27.1% had at least moderate levels of anxiety (GAD-7 score >10), which is highly suggestive of a diagnosis for GAD. Main factors associated with higher levels of anxiety included female gender, younger age, type of facility, less access to personal protective equipment, and a history of chronic medical problems. The psychological burden of COVID-19 on correctional/detention health professionals is significant, and behavioral health interventions should be considered for this unique population.

Психологические предикторы разных типов вовлеченности в компьютерные игры в период ранней взрослости

<p>Relevance. Due to the digital transformation of society, in modern psychology arises the question of what impact this transformation has on people, in particular, how computer-game involvement manifests itself and what causes it. Purpose. This paper aims to investigate the psychological predictors of various types of involvement in computer games. Method and sampling. 124 computer game players aged 18 to 30 (M = 25,08), including 64 women and 60 men participated in the study. 6 types of computer game involvement: «Addiction», «Sense of community», «Emotional support», «Immersion», «Flow» and «Identification», obtained as a result of the development of the author’s questionnaire, were analyzed. Results and conclusions. Personality traits along with crisis experience and stressors in various proportions act as predictors of each type of computer-gaming involvement. Types «Addiction», «Immersion» and «Flow» are more accounted for by personality traits, «Sense of community» — by personality traits and crisis experiences, «Identification» — by stress-suffering, and «Emotional support» is caused by a negative image of the surrounding reality.</p>

Unwrapping Gifts: Understanding the Inner Workings of Giftedness Through a Panoply of Paradigms in the Field of Psychology

ABSTRACT This article reviews the implications of many of the major schools in the history of psychology for understanding giftedness and its inner workings: operationist, psychometric, psychoanalytic, associationist, behaviorist, Gestalt, cognitive, humanistic/positive psychology, functionalist/pragmatic/constructivist, cultural, and biological. Each paradigm has elucidated different aspects of human nature and functioning, and each has somewhat different implications for how we can understand giftedness. No one paradigm can provide complete understanding of giftedness. Rather, the paradigms should be viewed as different windows toward understanding giftedness, all of which together tell us much more than any individual one. It is regrettable that so many theorists and practitioners have locked themselves into an operationist paradigm, which simply accepts current measurement operations as sufficient for identifying and developing giftedness. The operationist paradigm is wholly insufficient to meet the challenges of the world of the 21st century.

READER’S PERCEPTION IN LITERATURE STUDIES: TOWARDS THE HISTORY AND THEORY OF THE QUESTION. PART 2

The second part of the article is devoted to the phenomenon of surprise, which is significant for studying the reader’s perception of a literary text (CT) and for understanding estrangement (ostrannenie) not only as a literary device, but also as a certain state of the reader’s consciousness. In the ambiguous interpretation of this state of the human psyche, taken in the status of both basic emotion and intellectual assessment, by modern psychology, there is no contradiction, since an attempt to understand the world is accompanied by the experience of an intentional object, if it does not begin with it. However, the new, the unknown, being the object-cause of surprise as an intellectual-cognitive state of consciousness, induces opposite emotional reactions in different people — like (acceptance up to delight) and hostility (rejection up to irritation). It is these emotional epiphenomena of surprise that can serve as an argument for distinguishing within the considered intellectual state «surprise+», when the new causes emotional acceptance and intellectual interest, and «surprise–», when the new causes such emotional rejection that leaves no room for the cognitive aspirations of the mind. Speech examples of the emotional ambivalence of surprise are presented both in Russian and in other languages. Particular attention is paid to the connection between the concept of ‘surprise’ and the concept of ‘estrangement’ (ostrannenie), as well as their connection with the author’s position. The formation of the text also has a cognitive-aesthetic reason, which consists in the author’s understanding of life through surprise in its two forms — acceptance and rejection (as a rule, in their complex interweaving), and a formal-aesthetic goal, confirmed by draft s. The study of the material made it possible to come to the conclusion that the surprise of the author (in any of the author’s artistic incarnations) with his diametrically opposed epiphenomena is the reason for the estrangement as a verbal-compositional embodiment of this mode of consciousness in CT. At the same time, «surprise–» dominates and the method of estrangement adequate to it in the linguistic embodiment given within the framework of this type of surprise.

О некоторых факторах субъективного экономического благополучия

Introduction. One of the main motivations of the human community is the desire for well-being, and its subjective feeling is the basis of a full-fledged life of the individual, which is why the study of subjective economic well-being (SWB) is an urgent task of modern psychology. The term “SWB” first appeared thanks to the works of B. Strumpel and A. Campbell. The concept was defined as the result of a social comparison of the actual status of a person with his needs and perception of his own position. The purpose of this work is to analyze the influence of certain factors on the personal subjective economic well-being: income, education, health. The article provides an analytical review of the works of foreign and domestic authors devoted to the discussion of three significant factors of subjective economic well-being: income, education, health. Theoretical analysis. Comparative analysis allows us to determine the impact of income, education and health on SWB. Empirical analysis. The analysis helps to identify the positive and significant impact of the three selected factors on the SWB. Conclusion. The research results have shown that the selected three factors of SWB in developed countries are the foundation of people’s well-being. But the influence of these same factors in developing countries may be significantly lower and further research is required to confirm this fact.

КУЛЬТУРНЫЕ ПОТРЕБНОСТИ КАК ОРИЕНТИР РАЗВИТИЯ МОТИВАЦИОННО-ПОТРЕБНОСТНОЙ СФЕРЫ ЛИЧНОСТИ В ДЕТСКОМ ВОЗРАСТЕ

The paper deals with the current issue of developing cultural needs of the younger generation in connection with education and mental health. The authors provide a definition of cultural needs and their characteristics from the standpoint of cultural and historical psychology. The necessity of developing cultural needs and their characteristics -awareness, meaningfulness (reasonableness), creativity, mediation, arbitrariness (controllability) - in the context of the upbringing and mental health of children and youth is substantiated through analysis.

EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND MANIPULATIONS IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS

Introduction. A teacher at a higher education institution should be well aware of the achievements in psychology to create a harmonious atmosphere when working with students. Purpose. One of the general competencies provided by the curriculum of the discipline "Microbiology, Virology, and Immunology" is the choice of interaction strategy. Choosing a communication strategy is the subject of this article. Possessing knowledge and skills to build up a constructive communication between people is an important component of the learning process and realization in the chosen career and personal life. Discussion. The Department of Microbiology, Virology, and Immunology at the Poltava State Medical University pays considerable attention to the constant improvement of teaching methods at the medical, dental, and international faculties, using both Ukrainian and English as languages of instruction. Competent interaction between participants of the educational process is an integral part of forming the ability of medical students to choose constructive communication strategies further in their profession. The article considers such concepts as "Emotional intelligence", "Humanistic goals of training a future doctor", and "Manipulations". The teacher's awareness of these concepts is important for the perception of his work's psychological aspects. Itwill contribute to teaching effectiveness and decrease professional burnout. Knowledge and practical skills acquired by a student in social interaction during training are significant in the professional activity of the future doctor. The effectiveness of his activity largely depends on his communication skills. These skills relate to the nature of each doctor's relationship with patients, subordinates, colleagues, and managers of a medical institution. Conclusions. 1. Today we are facign the growing importance of the teacher's awareness of the achievements of modern psychology. 2. The teacher should choose relevant strategies for fruitful interaction with students to improve learning outcomes. 3. Competent construction of interaction between all parties of the educational process is an important component in forming the ability of future doctors to choose constructive communication strategies in their professional activities.