History Of Psychology Research Articles

Society for the History of Psychology: News and notes.

In this News and Notes column, information about eligibility and how to apply for The David B. Baker Fellowship in the History of Psychology--which supports student research at the Archives of the History of American Psychology--is provided; recent publications and presentations are noted; and P. Croce, Stetson University, briefly describes their visit to Greece and shares a photo of Cheiron, an ancient Greek god. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Intellectual aristocracy in the dawn of Argentine democracy: José Ingenieros on genius and mediocrity.

This article explores how psychological categories linked to the mental level, such as genius, mediocrity, and intellectual superiority, were directly intertwined with political discourse in the early 20th century. To illustrate this, I analyze El Hombre Mediocre (The Mediocre Man) published in 1913 by José Ingenieros, seemingly as a direct critique of the law for free democratic elections in Argentina sanctioned in 1912. The book's main argument drew on psychological categories to explain that democracy was, in fact, a poor choice in government. Ingenieros' main concern was that the population was mostly mediocre and therefore unable to govern or elect a suitable candidate to run the country. One category that stood out in his analysis was the "genius." This term was reserved for men who demonstrated exceptional intelligence and remarkable morals and ideals. The methodology used in this article is based on the qualitative and interpretative analysis of bibliographical sources (which include books of essays, scientific papers, and books aimed at lay audiences) from the perspective of intellectual history and the critical history of psychology. I argue that Ingenieros' book served as a political essay founded on a comprehensive scientific explanation, even if it was aimed at a lay audience. This analysis shows the productivity of psychological categories referring to giftedness, intelligence, and talent, in adulthood for assessing political movements and planning new imagined societies through the history of psychology. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

"Mere guesswork": Clarifying the role of intelligence, mentality, and psychometric testing in the diagnosis of "mental defectives" for sterilization in Alberta from 1929 to 1972.

From 1929 until 1972, the Alberta Eugenics Board (the Board) recommended that 4,739 individuals be sterilized. The original 1928 act that legalized eugenic sterilization stipulated that the surgery itself required the consent of the individual or their caregiver; however, in 1937, the Alberta government removed the consent requirement for such cases where the Board determined individual patients to be "mental defectives." By analyzing published reports, case histories, medical journals, and primary sources from the Board, we situate the concept of "mental defective" in a historical context to clarify the Board's diagnostic process. By analyzing how the Board found individuals to be "mental defectives," we challenge a previous historiographic assumption that intelligence tests played a critical or defining role in this diagnostic process. We argue that the notion of the "mental defective" used by the Board had a long history before the advent of intelligence testing and eugenic thought. This history helps to explain how and why the Board relied extensively on the broader examination of behavior, social status, and physical appearance as core evidence in the diagnosis of "mental defect." Intelligence tests were certainly important as they shed light on an individual's academic ability. However, this alone was only one part of "mentality." Defects of mentality were understood to be broad and multifactorial, and included difficult, if not impossible, to measure attributes such as personality, emotionality, and morality. Further research should incorporate the concept of mentality in the history of psychology, testing, and eugenics. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Acute psychological symptom profiles in high school football players following sport-related concussion.

In a cohort of high school football athletes, the authors sought to 1) describe the proportion of those with acute psychological symptoms postconcussion, 2) determine predictors of more acute psychological symptoms postconcussion, and 3) determine if acute psychological symptoms impact recovery. A retrospective cohort study of high school football athletes (14-18 years of age) who sustained a sport-related concussion between November 2017 and April 2022 and presented to a multidisciplinary concussion center was performed. Based on their Post-Concussion Symptom Scale (PCSS) scores at the initial clinic visit, their total psychological symptom cluster score was calculated by summing their scores for the four affective symptoms (irritability, sadness, nervousness, and feeling more emotional). The psychological symptom ratio was defined as the ratio of the psychological symptom cluster score to the total initial PCSS score. Primary outcomes included time to return to learn (RTL), symptom resolution, and return to play (RTP). Uni- and multivariable regression analyses were performed controlling for demographic factors, learning disabilities, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and personal and/or family history of psychological diagnoses and migraine. A total of 195 male football players (mean age 16.2 ± 1.2 years) were included in the study. About one-third of the sample (n = 70, 35.9%) reported at least one psychological symptom. Of these 70 athletes, their psychological symptom scores were 1 (10.3%), 2 (7.7%), and ≥ 3 (17.9%). Irritability was the most endorsed psychological symptom (25.1%), followed by nervousness (15.9%), feeling more emotional (12.8%), and sadness (11.8%). The multivariable regression model showed that a positive psychological history (B = 2.66, 95% CI 0.74-4.58, p = 0.007) and family psychological history (B = 2.43, 95% CI 0.98-3.88, p = 0.001) were significant predictors of a higher psychological symptom cluster score. Multivariable linear regression analysis showed that a higher psychological symptom cluster score was associated with a longer time to RTP (B = 1.22, 95% CI 0.17-2.264, p = 0.023) but not with time to symptom resolution or RTL. The psychological symptom ratio was not a significant predictor. In a cohort of male football players, 36% reported at least one psychological symptom, with irritability being most commonly reported. Athletes with a personal and/or family history of psychological disorders experienced more acute psychological symptoms following a sport-related concussion. A higher psychological symptom cluster score was associated with delayed time to RTP but not time to RTL or symptom resolution.

사회적 마음챙김

Mindfulness is having such a profound impact on contemporary world that it has been described as “The Mindfulness Revolution.” While mindfulness is known to be based on Buddhist teachings and practices, it has also been used in secular modern psychology and psychotherapy in non-religious and post-religious ways, and there is even an emergence of trans-religious mindfulness that crosses religious boundaries. In this article, I will examine the recent development of ‘Christian mindfulness’ and explore how Christianity’s ‘personal dimension’ of ‘heartfulness’ and its ‘liberative dimension’ of ‘social spirituality’ can contribute to the formation of the ‘social mindfulness’ called for in times of suffering.

Issues and Challenges in Integrating Modern Psychology with Indian Thought

Issues and Challenges in Integrating Modern Psychology with Indian Thought

PSYCHOTHERAPY: A COMPARISON OF ABU ZAYD AL-BALKHI AND CBT

Mental health problems are still prominent topics among countries in the last few decades, and Indonesia is no exception. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), a healthy mental state entails individuals realizing and maximizing their potentials, effectively managing life's pressures, excelling in their studies and work, and making meaningful contributions to society. Promotion of the importance of mental health and its treatment has been abundant, but psychotherapy with a religious approach has not received much attention. This study reviews the thoughts of Abu Zayd Al-Balkhi as a pioneer in cognitive therapy, positive psychology, and its relation to the development of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) which was first developed by Aaron T. Beck and further developed in the era of modern psychology. There are several similarities in Al-Balkhi's thoughts and the concept of CBT, including views on depression, its symptoms and treatment, as well as the importance of cultivating positive and rational thoughts in treating patients with psychological disorders. The difference between the two lies in the perspective of religiosity instilled by Al-Balkhi, that faith is important in observing worldly problems, and the awareness that true happiness lies in the hereafter. In addition, CBT has undergone significant development both in terms of the disciplinary aspects of psychology and its application in people's lives. The results of this qualitative study are expected to provide an alternative psychotherapy in dealing with mental health problems for Muslim communities.

Paradise Found or Common Sense Lost? Göbekli Tepe’s Last Decade as a Pre-Farming Cult Centre

Abstract The spectacular finds at Turkey’s Göbekli Tepe have fired the imaginations of archaeologists and the general public alike. Reflecting on developments at and about the site since the 2011 publication of a critique of the site’s dominant interpretation as a hunter-gatherer cult centre, this article shows that some elements of that critique, including assertions about roofing and a residential population, have gained traction, while others have fallen on deaf ears. Göbekli Tepe has also become the locus of discussion and speculation in disciplines ranging from astronomy and religion to psychology and architectural history, while also inspiring pseudoscientific claims that associate the site with the Garden of Eden, a supposed technologically sophisticated pre-Holocene civilization or extraterrestrial visitors.

Individual versus sequential: the potential of comic creation in art therapy

ABSTRACT Background: Research suggests that comics are effective at conveying narratives, promoting literacy, empowerment, and as a therapeutic intervention. However, there is a gap in research on the use of comics in art therapy. Aims: This study explored the potential of comics within an art therapy and narrative therapy framework. The primary research question explored the effectiveness of comics compared to single images in evoking narratives from past problems. The secondary research question examined differences in the representation of an event between the two formats. To address these questions, the process of depicting a past problem as a single image was compared to depicting the same problem as a comic. Methods: This study recruited 15 adult participants through convenience sampling. This was a non-clinical population consisting of individuals with no known psychological difficulties or history of psychological disorders. Participants evaluated the formats through a survey and verbal interview. Quantitative and qualitative data were analysed to determine the formats’ effectiveness. Participants’ artwork was analysed for unique characteristics the comic evoked. Results: Data analysis indicated participants responded positively to the comic, which seemed especially effective at facilitating the narrative therapy technique of deconstructing. Artwork analysis indicated the comic evoked increased word inclusion, and unique representations of time and movement. Conclusions: These results support the hypothesis that comics are at least as effective than single images in eliciting narratives from past problems, and evoke unique characteristics. Implications: This study suggests the potential of comics in art therapy, encouraging further research and application.

The Ableist and White Supremacist Origins of U.S. Policing and Connections to Involuntary Hospitalization

This paper discusses the impact of White supremacy, ableism, and U.S. policing on both the history and current state of psychology and sheds light on ways that psychologists can acknowledge and divest from carceral White supremacist practices in mental healthcare. Because of how oppression and intersectionality function within a White supremacist society, not all Black lives have been equally valued by non-Black Americans. Similarly, White supremacy and ableism have had lasting impacts on the public perception of disabled people. Connecting the historical origins of the U.S. policing system to the current practices of the U.S. police system, this paper argues that the police have always been about controlling “disorder.” Similarly, psychology and the larger mental health field have a troubled history of controlling Black, Brown, and disabled bodies. Recommendations for ways therapists can unlearn therapy practices stemming from White supremacy cultural practices (e.g., carceral therapeutic practices and biased mental health care) are provided along with action items for mental health practitioners to maintain a commitment to undoing the harm from these historic and systemic issues.

Duane Schultz (1934-2023).

This article memorializes Duane Schultz (1934-2023). A prolific military historian, Duane was trained as a psychologist. His widely used textbooks, including one on the history of psychology, made his name familiar to many in the field. Two of his textbooks, A History of Modern Psychology (1969) and Psychology and Work Today (1970), were very successful. Both have been translated into nearly a dozen languages, and currently are in their 11th editions. His best professional moments came from his hundreds of interviews with former military, especially those who were POWs. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

The Attachment Mapping Protocol (AMP): An Assessment and Treatment Tool for General Psychotherapy, Systemic Family Therapy and Multifaith Spiritual Care.

This paper introduces the Attachment Mapping Protocol (AMP), which is an assessment and treatment tool for use in individual psychotherapy, systemic family therapy and multifaith spiritual care, using a bio-psycho-social-spiritual model of care. Attachment theory has a long and significant history in psychology, with an evolving relationship within the above clinical domains. A central aim of this paper will be to recognize and affirm the extension of attachment theory beyond the traditional parameters of nascent parental, guardianship bonds and individual, developmental psychology, to reveal a much broader spectrum of valid attachment considerations for mental health and spiritual well-being. A case study will be applied to the interviewing instrument to demonstrate its utility for broadening assessment beyond attachment figures to include surrogate attachments of other persons, places and things. A model of spiritual discernment derived from the Spiritual Exercises of Ignatius of Loyola will undergird this larger worldview of attachment considerations.

Влияние виртуальной реальности на сознание человека с позиций христианской антропологии и современной психологии

The relevance of this article is determined by the penetration of information technologies into all spheres of human life, the impact on his consciousness and personality. The purpose of the article is to show the differences in the assessment of the influence of virtual reality on human consciousness in modern psychology and from the point of view of Christian anthropology. The hypothesis is proved that the reason for these differences lies in the different understanding of the essence, structure and mechanisms of consciousness in science and patristic teaching. The key approaches to understanding consciousness in the neurosciences, in domestic and foreign psychology are described. The Christian approach to human consciousness, the connection with the concepts of "freedom", "conscience", "shame", "duty", "responsibility", "mind", "reason", the patristic teaching about the 3-level structure of the mind, about purification and keeping the mind, about asceticism and the practice of hesychasm as an experience of increasing consciousness. It is concluded that in science, human consciousness is associated with the activity of the brain as a substratum of the psyche, which leads to its excessive simplification and reduction to the psyche of an animal. In contrast to this, in Christian anthropology, a person is not only a rational being, but also a moral one, so he needs to be aware of the meaning of his being. The definition of the concept of "virtual environment" and the results of scientific research on the influence of the virtual environment on human consciousness are given. The negative consequences of the uncontrolled use of virtual reality are described: 1) from the point of view of science, these are, in particular, screen addiction, cognitive impairment, dehumanization of human consciousness and transhumanism; 2) from the point of view of Christian anthropology: deprivation of unity, orderliness, integrity and freedom of the inner world of man; food for the emergence of passionate thoughts, obscuration of the mind, spiritual devastation. It is concluded that the development of virtual technologies and their practical use should be the subject of special attention from scientists, psychologists, physicians, and it is necessary to consider the influence of virtual reality on human consciousness not only from the standpoint of modern science, but also in the coordinate system of the Christian worldview.

"Intelligence, Social and Emotional Intelligence: Correlation of Concepts in Modern Psychology "

The purpose of our article is to carry out an analysis of the author’s research on social intelligence according to Structural and Functional Approach; describe our researches of Social Intelligence; to propose own definition of “emotional intelligence”; to show the correlation of concepts “intelligence”, “social intelligence” and “emotional intelligence” in Modern Psychology. Methods of the research. The following theoretical methods of the research were used to solve the tasks formulated in the article: the categorical method, structural and functional methods, the methods of the analysis, systematization, modeling and generalization. The results of the research. We think, that social intelligence is a system of cognitive characteristics of the individual. It consists of three basic components: social-perceptive abilities, social imagination and social technique of communication. So, the effectiveness of subject-subject communication largely depends on the formation of social intelligence. Social intelligence is considered as a certain cognitive component of communicative competence, which is defined as the ability of the individual to accept the position, point of view of another person, to predict his/her behavior, to solve effectively various problems arising between subjects of dialogical interaction. Conclusions. We believe that emotional intelligence is defined as a set of non-cognitive abilities, competencies or skills that affect a person’s ability to face challenges in the external environment, the emotional intelligence should be attributed to the empathic aspect of social intelligence. That is, we will consider emotional intelligence as a component of social intelligence. Let’s justify our own point of view. In this context, emotional intelligence is a set of general personality’s abilities, interconnected four skills, such as: awareness of one’s own emotions, the ability to determine what emotion the person feels at a given moment in time, to determine what basic emotions consists of this understanding; the ability to manage one’s own emotions (to change the intensity of emotions), to determine the source and the cause of their occurrence, the degree of usefulness; understanding other people’s emotions, determining emotional states by their verbal and non-verbal manifestations; management of other people’s emotions, providing purposeful action on emotions. At the same time, we’d like to make a generalization regarding the definition of emotional intelligence. Emotional intelligence, as we see, is the ability of an individual to perceive, evaluate and express emotions adequately; the individual’s ability to generate feelings when they contribute to thinking, to understand emotions and knowledge related to these emotions, the individual’s ability to regulate emotions, contributing to one’s own emotional and intellectual growth.

Pedagogical Legacy of K. D. Ushynskyi as a Factor of State and Nation Building

In the article, on the basis of a critical systematic analysis of historical and pedagogical sources, retrospective and modern socio-humanitarian studies, an attempt is made to highlight the important components of the scientific and pedagogical legacy of K. D. Ushynskyi in the context of Ukrainian and European identity and the deepening of European integration processes. The ideas and principles of dialectics, systematic, interdisciplinary approaches to pedagogical and sociocultural phenomena, and processes of retrospective and modern Ukrainian reality were used as methodological tools in the study.An important component of the cultural and historical legacy of Ukraine is the creative legacy of an outstanding educator of the second half of the 19th century. Konstantin Ushynskyi. It was the Ukrainian K. Ushynskyi who became the founder of scientific pedagogy and folk schools in the imperial era (19th – early 20th centuries). The theoretical basis of his own innovative pedagogical concept became the properly substantiated and practically implemented idea of nationhood, which involved the education of a politically conscious individual, a patriot, and a citizen in a state that is national in form and content. The educational and scientific legacy of the coruphaeus of Ukrainian pedagogy covers all the most important issues of pedagogical knowledge, in particular the forms and methods of teaching and upbringing, the theory and practice of developmental education, the problems of national-patriotic, moral, labour, and family education, and the education of women.The fruitful ideas of Konstantin Dmytrovych had a significant impact on the formation and development of Ukrainian pedagogy and socio-humanitarian studies. Relying on his considerable scientific authority, the domestic professional public, in the conditions of the ban and persecution of Ukrainian education and culture, chose the right of their own people to a national school and to the formation of a modern Ukrainian political nation. The multifaceted, intellectually powerful pedagogical legacy of the classics of Ukrainian pedagogy belongs to the treasury of European culture and therefore should become a matter of national pride for Ukrainians. Modern researchers should give a comprehensive, unbiased, and balanced assessment of the place and role of Konstantin Dmytrovych Ushynskyi in the development of modern pedagogical and psychological science, his deep innovative works as an important component of the multifaceted cultural and historical heritage of both Ukraine and Europe.

Music Training and Nonmusical Abilities.

Music training is generally assumed to improve perceptual and cognitive abilities. Although correlational data highlight positive associations, experimental results are inconclusive, raising questions about causality. Does music training have far-transfer effects, or do preexisting factors determine who takes music lessons? All behavior reflects genetic and environmental influences, but differences in emphasis-nature versus nurture-have been a source of tension throughout the history of psychology. After reviewing the recent literature, we conclude that the evidence that music training causes nonmusical benefits is weak or nonexistent, and that researchers routinely overemphasize contributions from experience while neglecting those from nature. The literature is also largely exploratory rather than theory driven. It fails to explain mechanistically how music-training effects could occur and ignores evidence that far transfer is rare. Instead of focusing on elusive perceptual or cognitive benefits, we argue that it is more fruitful to examine the social-emotional effects of engaging with music, particularly in groups, and that music-based interventions may be effective mainly for clinical or atypical populations.

Psychological impact over time of women with pregnancy loss due to gestational trophoblastic disease compared with miscarriage

ObjectivesPregnancy loss, occurring after miscarriage or after gestational trophoblastic disease, has a psychological impact. Besides pregnancy loss, women diagnosed with gestational trophoblastic disease have to deal with a prolonged period...

Professional training of future physical education teachers in higher education institutions as a relevant issue of modern science and educational practice

The aim of the research is to theoretically substantiate the professional training of future physical education teachers in higher education institutions as a relevant problem of modern science and educational practice. Research methods: theoretical analysis of scientific and methodological literature and normative documents, analysis, synthesis, and generalization. Results: The study identifies aspects that influence the quality of physical education and its impact on the overall development of students as a component of the professional training of future physical education teachers in higher education institutions. Key aspects include changes in the role of physical education in modern society and the incorporation of modern pedagogical methods and technologies into the education of the younger generation. According to scientific findings, the structure of professional competence of a physical education teacher is outlined. The main reasons for the relevance of professional training for future physical education teachers in contemporary science and practice are defined. Key professional competencies of future physical education teachers are highlighted: methodological, pedagogical, technical skills, adaptability to different conditions and individual needs of students, inclusiveness. Conclusions. The professional training of future physical education teachers in higher education institutions is a multifaceted problem that requires a comprehensive approach. It involves preparing educators who are well-versed in modern pedagogical methods, technology integration, inclusiveness, sports science, and psychology. By focusing on these aspects, educational institutions can ensure that future physical education teachers are adequately prepared to meet the growing needs of students and contribute to their overall development. Thus, the preparation of future physical education teachers in higher education institutions is crucial for ensuring high-quality physical education, promoting health, and fostering the physical development of the younger generation. Future research is needed to define the specific features of forming professional competencies for future physical education teachers.

Reading-With: A Collaborative Method for Inclusive Architectural Histories

This article describes reading-with, a new collaborative reading method developed as part of the ERC-funded project WoWA (Women Writing Architecture 1700-1900). It offers architectural and other historians a starting point to produce inclusive histories based on the writings of those so far invisible within disciplinary canons. Arguing that historiography can be made more inclusive if the historian’s approach to their sources changes, reading-with introduces a set of precise and timed reading tasks organised in layers to focus the researcher’s attention on different aspects of the narration as well as their response to the text. Based on methods developed in the fields of psychology and feminist oral history, it aims to disrupt learned, canonical reading methods, paying attention to the relationship between reader, text, narrator, and context. Performed by several groups of researchers and master students in Switzerland and Chile in 2022-23, the method has been tested with texts authored by women in the 18th and 19th centuries. It foregrounds their architectural agency and influence on architectural cultures, even if their links to the professional sphere have so far been regarded as marginal. Reading-with is an invitation to read otherwise to centre the experiences and agency of those not yet acknowledged.

Impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the psychological health of patients in the province of Kenitra of Morocco

Objectives: The objective of this work is to assess the psychological impact of Covid-19 through the study of all variables likely to influence the mental health of patients declared positive for Covid-19. This investigation aims to integrate a protocol of psychological therapeutic followup of patients, which is as essential as medical follow-up. Methods: Analytical study of the psychological impact of Covid-19 on patients treated in a health center in the province of Kenitra of Morocco over a period of 6 months. Results: The follow-up of patients declared positive for Covid-19, reveals that, although the majority have never had a psychological or psychiatric history, 38% have stress, 49% anxiety and 51% sleep disorders. Conclusion: The study shows that the Covid-19 pandemic generates alongside the physical symptoms, a significant psychological impact on patients Characterized by anxiety, insomnia and post-traumatic stress. Therefore, care integrating the psychological follow-up of patients is necessary. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 22 No. 04 October’23 Page : 895-901