History Of Psychology Research Articles

Круглый стол «От психологии игры к психологии учения: научная школа Д.Б. и Б.Д. Элькониных»

<p>Review of the round table on the topic "From the psychology of play to the psychology of teaching: the scientific school of D.B. and B.D. Elkonin", dedicated to the 120th anniversary of the birth of D.B. Elkonin, which took place on February 29, 2024 at the Moscow State Psychological and Pedagogical University. Pedagogical University. The state of the Elkonin scientific school is reflected both from a historical point of view and from the point of view of new approaches developed within its framework recently, and related research perspectives. The participants agreed that the scientific school of D.B. Elkonin - B.D. Elkonin sets a fundamental trend in the development of cultural and historical psychology in the first third of the XXI century.</p>

A Brief History of the Development of Modern Psychological Astrology

Abstract In this article, we aim to provide a summary of the development of modern psychological astrology over the past century in terms of its esoteric and scientific historical antecedents, highlighting the contributions of the Theosophists on the one hand and C.G. Jung on the other, while discussing not only the complex interrelationships between the two but also other important authors and relevant historical aspects. By tracing the links between psychology and Western esotericism we also try to illustrate that, although being apparently two very separate fields, they are connected in several ways, both because of the similar questions they pose, because of certain historical processes that have influenced them, and because of the common subject matter they address—the human mind or soul.

Миры и смыслы Александра Асмолова (беседа с ученым)

<p>A transcript of a conversation with A.G. Asmolov in the program "Learning to Live", which was recorded 2 years ago, but was released recently, on the eve of his anniversary, on the YouTube channel "Enlighteners" (link to the video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bW1pP2c99oM&t=1373s). The conversation is conducted by the editor-in-chief of the TV channel "Enlighteners" and the electronic newspaper "Vesti Obrazovaniya" T.N. Voloshko, a graduate of the MGPPU master's degree and a candidate for the UNESCO chair "Cultural and Historical Psychology of Childhood of MGPPU". And the interview tells about childhood, youth and the first steps in psychology, describes his most ordinary day, recalls a meeting with his teacher Alexey Nikolaevich Leontiev and other teachers, invites him to the worlds of psychology, art, literature and human relations.</p>

Introducing IOS11 as an extended interactive version of the ‘Inclusion of Other in the Self’ scale to estimate relationship closeness

The study of relationship closeness has a long history in psychology and is currently expanding across the social sciences, including economics. Estimating relationship closeness requires appropriate tools. Here, we introduce and test a tool for estimating relationship closeness: ‘IOS11’. The IOS11 scale has an 11-point response scale and is a refinement of the widely used Inclusion-of-Other-in-the-Self scale. Our tool has three key features. First, the IOS11 scale is easy to understand and administer. Second, we provide a portable, interactive interface for the IOS11 scale, which can be used in lab and online studies. Third, and crucially, based on within-participant correlations of 751 individuals, we demonstrate strong validity of the IOS11 scale in terms of representing features of relationships captured by a range of more complex survey instruments. Based on these correlations we find that the IOS11 scale outperforms the IOS scale and performs as well as the related Oneness scale.

Исследование взаимосвязи агрессивного поведения и склонности к проявлению буллинга у подростков

This article is devoted to the study of a current phenomenon of modern psychology - aggressiveness, which can take different forms from physical violence to hidden verbal insults. The purpose of this study is to identify the characteristics of aggressive behavior of adolescents in the context of their tendency to engage in bullying. The sample consisted of 50 teenagers, of which 29 were girls and 21 boys, students of a rural school in the district center of the Altai Territory. The study was carried out using a questionnaire for the study of aggressiveness (A. Bass and A. Darkie), a questionnaire for the level of aggressiveness (A. Bass and M. Perry), an aggressiveness test (L.G. Pochebut), and the method “Identification of the bullying structure” (E. G. Norkina). Bullying structures were identified and the relationships between each structure and manifestations of aggressiveness were determined. The conducted mathematical and statistical analysis using the determination of the arithmetic mean deviation, the Spearman correlation coefficient, and the Wilcoxon T-test coefficient showed significant differences in the characteristics and degree of manifestation of aggressiveness before and after the correctional and developmental training program with adolescents. Based on the results obtained, correctional and developmental training was developed and conducted, which helped reduce the manifestations of aggression and hostility among adolescents. The results obtained can be applied to provide psychological support to adolescents of various bullying structures in educational organizations.

Жизненная успешность личности сотрудников органов внутренних дел Российской Федерации: концептуальное обоснование и структурно-функциональная организация

The article is devoted to the theoretical and methodological substantiation of the content and functioning of an individual’s life successfulness as a meta-resource that performs an acceptor function, which consists in anticipating and assessing the results of subjective activity in the process of reflection by the subject of his own goals, values and meanings, taking into account integrative qualities and emotional experiences in the “goal” space. value-meaning." The work substantiates the significance of this meta-resource for the personality of employees of internal affairs bodies and indicates its predictive role in relation to indicators of professional success.
 The data from a theoretical analysis of life successfulness as a meta-resource of the individual are summarized, taking into account the philosophical and socio-philosophical contexts, as well as the leading directions of modern psychology. The main structural elements are identified and their functioning is explained from the perspective of integrating the principles of resource, regulatory and subjective approaches and the theory of functional systems. Attention is paid to the relationship between conscious self-regulation and personal resources, and their intersecting functioning is explained. The postulate of the theory of functional systems about understanding the acceptor is extrapolated to the psychological context, in particular when justifying the meaning and functions of life successfulness as a meta-resource of the individual.
 Life successfulness as a meta-resource function in the space of goals, values and meanings of the individual, through the interconnection of reflexive-technological, reflexive-axiological, reflexive-ontological mechanisms; instrumental, socio-psychological and dispositional qualities of the individual; practical, moral and existential emotional experiences.
 The prospects for further development of the meta-resource concept of life successfulness are outlined.

Vadim Petrovsky: “Berne Himself Left Injunctions Against Empirical Research to His Successors, and It’s Time for Us to Circumvent These Injunctions”

Interview with Vadim Arturovich Petrovsky, Doctor of Psychological Sciences, Professor, Corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Education, psychologist in the modality of transactional analysis, about the synthesis of psychological practice and scientific research in the field of psychology in general and transactional analysis in particular. In this interview, issues such as the willingness of practicing psychologists of the transactional analysis modality to conduct their own research and scientific experiments are raised, the difficulties of modern psychological science, the connection and interpenetration of the practice and theory of transactional analysis are discussed. The interview also talks about the objective limitations of transactional analysis as a scientific method and the subjective characteristics of practicing psychologists in terms of writing scientific articles and conducting research. The conversation between the editor-in-chief of the journal “Transactional Analysis in Russia” and Vadim Petrovsky touched upon unexplored topics and areas of development of TA and its concepts as objects of scientific research for the psychological community not only in Russia, but also in the world. Which fields (Counseling, Psychotherapy, Education, TA in Organisations) and concepts of Transactional Analysis are most ready today to bridge the gap from practice to theory and vice versa?

Study on the Synergistic Development of Tea Culture Therapy and Psychological Intervention of Youth Employment Anxiety

Tea culture therapy is a psychological intervention with tea culture as the core. It aims to help individuals adjust their bodies and minds, relieve stress, and improve their mental health through tea tasting, tea ceremonies, and so on. Tea culture therapy combines traditional culture with modern psychology, with a profound theoretical basis and practical application value. The design of personalized tea culture therapy for different groups of young people needs to deeply understand each group's characteristics, needs, and background and then formulate corresponding intervention strategies.

Phenomenology and Temporality in Psychopathology: Calibrating Qualitative Phenomenological Methods According to the Timescale of Subjective Reports

Many methodologies for systematic study of lived experience have been proposed in recent decades. These methods are typically calibrated in terms of the depth and complexity of data collection, and whether they consider reports on pre-reflective experience admissible. Even though it has been shown that lived experience occurs at different timescales (elementary, integrative, narrative), contemporary methods tend to focus on momentary experience. We trace the focus on momentary experience to the current cultural milieu and attitudes in the history of psychology. We point out the need for studying temporally extended experiences in the field of psychopathology. We propose that lived experiences at different timescales are nested within each other and that this principle can be used to organize data collected with qualitative methods for the study of experience. We suggest that temporally extended experiences occur at the narrative level of description (i.e. they consist of experiential reports and sense-making).

“The Heart Chakra as a Gateway to Self-awareness in Young Adulthood: a Pretest-posttest Study”

The research titled "The Heart Chakra as a Gateway to Self-Awareness in Young Adulthood: A Pretest-Posttest Study “explores the role of the heart chakra in developing self-awareness among young adults. Drawing upon principles of eastern philosophy and modern psychology, this study examines the role of heart-centered practices in enhancing self-awareness. Utilizing a pretest-posttest design, young adult participants in a structured intervention program aimed at activating and balancing the heart chakra. Qualitative data was collected from 15 participant age range 18-22 years, to assess changes in self-awareness before and after the intervention. Findings suggest a significant improvement in participants self-awareness levels post-intervention, indicating the potential of heart-centered practices i.e. using solfeggio frequencies of 639 Hz, which benefit in activating heart chakra as per research, facilitating introspection and personal growth during the pivotal stage of young adulthood.

Psychology of the Concept of Chitta in Yoga

The article titled “Psychology of the Concept of Chitta (Mind Stuff) in Yoga” initially attempts to interpret and describe key terms relevant to it. Here the concept of Psychology means Modern Psychology, the concept Chittaas Mind, Consciousness, Antahakaran (mind, intellect and ego) and product of trigunas (Sattva, Rajas and Tamas), etc. is taken as it mentioned Indian Yogic literature and philosophies as well as Modern Psychology so that the concept of Chitta in the Yoga could also be understood in terms of modern psychology. Hence, to interpret and describe the concept of Chitta as aforesaid, modern psychological perspectives viz., biological psychology, behavioural psychology, psychoanalytical psychology, humanistic and cognitive psychological are taken into account. From discussion, it was concluded that psychologically, Chitta means dynamic organization of mental process that remain static from birth till death yet determines one’s unique personality

ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНАЯ МЕТОДИКА САМОИДЕН-ТИФИКАЦИИ ХАРАКТЕРОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ТИПОВ

This article discusses an experimental method of self-identification of characterological types, which is a high-potential diagnostic tool for educational psychologists. The use of this technique allows to significantly reduce the time required for diagnostics and, consequently, to pay more attention directly to the counseling and correctional-developmental process. In modern psychological science the study of characterological features and their connection with human behavior is one of the key directions in the field of psycho-diagnostics. Characterological type is a complex of psychological traits that influence people's behavior and their interaction with others. Understanding of the characterological type allows predict-ing emotional reactions, communication styles and scripted forms of behavior in stressful situations, which, in turn, allows the school psychologist to effectively conduct corrective-developmental activities and individual counseling of all participants of the educational process. The experimental technique of self-identification of characterological can significantly optimize the diagnostic process and improve the quality of counseling and corrective-developmental work. Further research in this direction will make it possible to im-prove the methodology and expand its application in the education-al sphere.

The problem of determining value orientations in modern psychology

The article analyzes approaches to value orientations study in Russian and foreign psychology. The definition of value orientations based on the reflection, activity, activity, determinism principles has been clarified. The features of the approach to the value orientations study in Russian psychology are represented by three directions – philosophical, concrete-scientific and psychological. The features of the value orientations study in foreign psychology have been presented, where the main attention is paid to the problems of personality typology on the basis of its value orientations and their role in the activity motivation. Each person is guided by what is considered by him as important, essential, and strives to achieve what acquires for him subjective value. Within the framework of general psychology and personality psychology, we always mean individually significant values, on which a person is oriented, – value orientations. A refined definition of value orientations as a mental dimension of the reflected objective reality in the form of subjective significance of its components, which is analyzed in the directionality of the subject’s activity and structured in accordance with the level of its spiritual and moral component, has been given.

Theoretical analysis of the problem of developing personal resilience

Military operations on the territory of Ukraine have a devastating impact on the entire population of the state. Daily shelling, participation in combat, loss of loved ones, and the experience of prolonged stressful situations affect all areas of the population's life and, in particular, their psychological and mental health. An important task of modern psychological science is to explore ways to develop constructive ways to overcome stressful situations and develop personal resilience and counteract difficult life circumstances.In recent years, the study of the problem of resilience as the ability to resist life's difficulties has been actively developing. The study of this problem helps to solve many problems of practical psychology, since the development of resilience and the ability to resist stressful situations is a necessary component of the personality in wartime.The article presents a theoretical generalization of scientific approaches to the study of the concept of resilience. The main directions in the study of resilience of foreign and domestic authors are revealed. Various factors and determinants that influence the development of resilience as a process of resistance to stress are analyzed. The historical dynamics of understanding and studying the concept of resilience and the study of the development of personality resilience are presented.Based on the results of the theoretical analysis, we can distinguish the following scientific generalizations of the concept of resilience: it has a dynamic nature and biological basis, is an important prerequisite for successful adaptation and development of the individual, can be considered in social, biological or psychological aspects, its development depends not on the living conditions of a person, but on his/her perception of life difficulties, during the emergence of difficult living conditions, as well as in the process of experiencing life difficulties, a person is capable of post-traumatic growth and resilience.There are four stages in the study of the concept of resilience:1. Identification of signs based on longitudinal studies of children's defensive functions.2. Identification of the process. During this stage, the focus of the study changes from defensive factors to consideration of human resilience processes.3. The third stage is based on the first and second, it actively considers resilience as a mechanism that leads to positive human adaptation in adverse conditions.4. The fourth stage was caused by the development of technologies that allowed to study resilience more qualitatively with the help of psychodiagnostic tools.It has been established that resilience is an individual ability to counteract and find constructive methods of overcoming stressful situations, an important prerequisite for mental adaptation and personality development. Resilience depends on the influence of external (social) factors and individual psychological factors.

The Principle of Constructive Alternativeism and Physical Education. Introduction and purpose of the study

Nowadays, there is an active rethinking of the prospects for the development of physical education in educational institutions. This is manifested, in particular, in the aggravation of discussions about the expediency of using in our time such models of physical education as health-improving and adaptive, socially-oriented, personality-oriented, sports and recteative, which, as you know, differ in their goals and means of achieving them. In the course of these discussions, the proponents of some points of view reject the expediency of paying attention to the other approaches and offer their point of view as the "ultimate truth". In this work, an attempt is made to analyze the experience of getting out of similar situations in modern psychology and apply it to the field of physical education. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the expediency of using the principle of constructive alternativeism in physical education. Material and methods. In the process of research, the method of analysis and generalization of data from scientific and methodological literature was used. Results. The starting point of the study was the idea that approaches to the analysis of models of physical education should be carried out in the practical and theoretical planes. From a practical point of view, it is important to understand to what extent this or that model responds to the current demand of society, the complexity of organizational measures that are necessary for its implementation, the material base, etc. From the point of view of theory, the only thing that matters is to what extent our understanding of physical education as a phenomenon has been deepened and expanded. Conclusions. In the current conditions of martial law in Ukraine, the most expedient is the transition to a socially-oriented model of physical education. In the theory of physical education, it is advisable to focus on the principle of constructive alternativeism.

The past, present, and future of research on religious and spiritual development in adolescence, young adulthood, and beyond

This article serves as an introduction to the special issue on Contemporary Issues in Religious and Spiritual Development in Adolescence, Young Adulthood, and Beyond. First, we give an account of the history of research on religious and spiritual development in adolescence and beyond. Although religion and spirituality have a long history in psychology, it is still an emerging area of research. Second, we summarize the current body of work on religious and spiritual development in adolescence and beyond. Most research in this area has focused on outcomes, particularly religion and spirituality as a protective factor against negative youth outcomes. Some work has also looked at individual and contextual predictors of religion and spirituality. Less is known about processes and trajectories of religious development, particularly in terms of changes in religious identification. Third, we recommend directions for future research in this area. We focus on the need for research to look at the role of religion and spirituality in positive youth development, the religious and spiritual experiences of religious minority youth, religious and spiritual challenges faced by sexual minority youth, and processes and predictors of religious deconversion. Fourth, we outline the four review papers on contemporary issues in religious and spiritual development featured in the special issue. These papers provide literature reviews on four important directions for future research.

Violation of psychological stability in adolescents with smartphone addiction, methods of correction and prevention

The progressive growth of smartphone addiction (SА) among adolescents, the associated disorders in the psychological and emotional state and adaptive capabilities of the user’s body, is an urgent problem of modern medicine and psychology. Purpose. To assess the level of psychological stability in adolescents addicted to smartphones, to present methods for correcting and preventing its violations. Materials and methods. The object of the study was 217 adolescents aged 15–18 years (80 boys and 137 girls) – students of two secondary schools in the city of Krasnoyarsk, with the presence of SА (main group; n=33) and without SА (comparison group; n=184). Methods: online survey using Google forms of test questionnaires, statistical methods. Examination program: assessment of the presence of SM (according to the questionnaire Kwon M., Kim D.-J., Cho H., 2013); analysis of the prevalence of SА (taking into account gender and age); assessment of the level of psychological stability (stress resistance) of adolescents based on the “adaptation potential” indicator of N.B. Semenova’s questionnaire. Results. The prevalence of SM in the total sample of those examined was 15.2%, with a predominance in girls (21.2%) than boys (5.0%; p=0.0014) and a higher incidence in girls 15–16 years old (22.7%) than their peers aged 17–18 years (19.3%; p=0.0410). Among adolescents with SA, there were significantly fewer (9.1%) individuals with a high level of adaptive potential and, accordingly, lower resistance to stress than among individuals without SA (28.8%; p=0.0172). Conclusion. The results of the study revealed an association between smartphone-dependent behavior in adolescents and their lower level of psychological stability and greater susceptibility to the influence of stressful situations. It is necessary to carry out a set of corrective and preventive measures to increase the stress resistance of adolescents and level out the negative consequences of their problematic use of electronic gadgets.

SENSORY INTEGRATION AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE FOR CHILD DEVELOPMENT

The article is devoted to highlighting the features of sensory integration manifestation in childhood and its significance for the holistic development of the child. This includes uncovering the characteristics and patterns of mental development during childhood, describing the main stages of sensory integration development in ontogenesis, and examining sensory integration disorders and the application of sensory integrative therapy with children. A review of foreign and domestic literature on the research problem has shown that there is a growing interest in sensory integration in modern psychology as the foundation for a child's holistic development. Sensory integration is a process occurring in the brain that organizes information received through the senses (vision, hearing, touch, smell, taste), gives meaning to these sensations by filtering information, selecting what to focus on, and enabling us to act and react thoughtfully to the situation we are in. It also forms the basis for theoretical learning and social behavior. The harmonious development of a child depends on the coordinated functioning of all sensory systems. The article explores the features and patterns of mental development in childhood, such as heterochrony, asynchrony, staging, differentiation, and integration of mental processes and properties, as well as changes in the determinants of mental development and plasticity. The main stages of sensory integration development in ontogenesis are also examined. The importance of the sensory-perceptual sphere in a child’s development is underscored, as sensory development is the foundation of a child’s intellectual growth. Sensory development involves the development of sensations and perceptions, as well as the understanding of objects' forms, colors, sizes, and spatial locations, as well as the objects and phenomena of the surrounding world. Perception is formed based on the synthesis of various sensations: visual, auditory, tactile, kinesthetic, olfactory, and others. Perception reflects the objectivity, integrity, structure, constancy of objects, and others. Early childhood is the most favorable period for the improvement of sensory organ functions and the accumulation of representations about the surrounding world. Knowledge of the surrounding reality in children begins with the analysis of information received through touch, visual observation, sounds, smells, various tastes, and so on. It has been established that childhood plays a crucial role in sensory integration, as a child organizes not only visual and auditory sensations but also the sensations of their own body and the force of gravity, which contributes to the child’s holistic development. A significant portion of a child’s learning ability lies in their ability to integrate sensory information, as learning depends on the ability to perceive and process sensations from their movements and external influences and to use this information for planning and organizing behavior. It has been found that sensory integration facilitates the development of motor skills, movement coordination, spatial orientation, and visual and auditory perception, particularly by filtering and organizing information to help the child focus on solving specific tasks. Moreover, sensory integration contributes to the development of cognitive mental processes: attention, memory, thinking, and speech. Sensory integration also enhances a child's adaptation to the environment, social interaction, communication, and the formation of independence and curiosity in the child. Sensory integration disorders (hyposensitivity and hypersensitivity of sensory systems) have been analyzed, and the main principles of sensory-integrative therapy with children have been outlined. Children with reduced sensory processing abilities often experience difficulties in carrying out voluntary actions, which in turn can affect learning and behavior. Therefore, sensory-integrated therapy aimed at developing and integrating sensations contributes to improving the child’s learning and behavior. In conclusion, sensory integration is of great importance for child development.

MENTAL HEALTH OF STUDENTS UNDER MARTIAL LAW AS A SOCIAL PARADIGM

Purpose: to dissect the psychological implications of living and studying in an environment characterized by conflict and uncertainty, emphasizing the need to identify strategies and support mechanisms to safeguard the mental well-being of students amidst these challenging circumstances.
 Against the backdrop of the ongoing conflict, particularly in Ukraine, the article underscores the pressing need for higher education students to manage stress effectively and fortify their resilience, ensuring uninterrupted pursuit of their academic endeavors amidst emergencies.
 Materials and Methods. The study used general scientific and special research methods: theoretical generalisation, comparative analysis, classification and grouping, statistical comparison and generalisation
 Results. In the context of a complex, globalizing society and the intensified challenges imposed by martial law in Ukraine due to Russian aggression, preserving and stabilizing mental health has gained paramount significance. A decline in mental well-being significantly impacts an individualʼs quality of life, often manifesting in chronic fatigue, neuroticism, emotional instability, depression, and other adverse psychological manifestations.
 Mental health, an increasingly significant concept in modern psychology, encompasses a state of mental well-being devoid of painful mental expressions and enables conscious regulation of behavior and activity. Its structural analysis delves into the hierarchical structure of personality components that determine mental health. This involves a biological level associated with balanced internal organ functions, a psychological level aligned with a cohesive personality, and a social level wherein healthy individuals actively engage within the social system.
 Conclusions. In conclusion, preserving studentsʼ mental health during wartime assumes paramount importance, necessitating strategies to sustain psychological safety, foster social support, promote resilience, provide restorative spaces, offer professional psychological aid, and disseminate accurate information. Future research aims to explore students' psycho-emotional health for effective well-being support and learning strategies.
 
 

Ten years of the Peruvian Society of the History of Psychology.

This article briefly reviews the development of the history of psychology as a specialized discipline in Peru, in order to learn about the emergence, organization and productivity of the Peruvian Society of the History of Psychology (SPHP), which was founded in 2012. Previously, by way of introduction, the advances in the institutionalization of the history of psychology in Latin America and the development of the historiography of psychology in Peru are described. Seminars, journals, and books edited by the SPHP are discussed, as well as new projects and the challenges that must be faced for a greater dissemination of the history of psychology in Peru. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).