Historiographical Review Research Articles

Education in Africa: a critical historiographic review

ABSTRACT Examining developments in the history of education in Africa as a whole raises far-reaching philosophical, anthropological and historical questions about what Africa is and whether such a history is even possible as such. The course of that history and its tributaries wend around social theories; its dominant issues, tensions and gaps represent ideological interventions that highlight competing narratives in attempts to theorise social progress along a set of converging historiographic projects through which the conflicts between positivist, Marxist and poststructuralist (and other critical theory) perspectives – and the Eurocentricity of their objects – become visible. Anticipating broadened inquiries that centre Africans in historical narratives concerning education in Africa, this review (a) critiques historians’ obsession with and dissensions on colonial education, (b) clarifies epistemic ruptures in the well-worn quest for ‘truth’ in history evident in that obsession, and (c) proposes some prospects for decolonial futures in the history of education in Africa.

Medals, Rings, and Olympic Dreams: A Review Essay of Antonio Sotomayor and Cesar R. Torres, eds., Olimpismo

Medals, Rings, and Olympic Dreams: A Review Essay of Antonio Sotomayor and Cesar R. Torres, eds., <i>Olimpismo</i>

STUDI HISTORIOGRAFI: KONSEPSI BUNG KARNO TERHADAP STATUS SOSIAL DAN PERANAN WANITA DALAM BUKU SARINAH

This study examines the Sarinah Book by Ir. Soekarno in a historiographical review entitled Sarinah: Women's Obligations in the Struggle of the Republic of Indonesia to see the social status and role of women in Bung Karno's conception. The problems raised in this study are formulated in two formulations (1) How did Bung Karno's background and zeitgeist influence in writing Sarinah's book (2) What were the social status and role of women in Bung Karno's depiction in Sarinah's book. The author uses library research methods which are classified as qualitative research. The steps of this research are as follows. First, find and collect research sources consisting of Sarinah books published in the Old Order period. And relevant work or similar. In collecting research sources, there are three interrelated stages. (1), the researcher prepares research tools and equipment. (2), the researcher arranges work steps. (3), reads and makes notes on the reading. Second, analysis and interpretation, and classification based on the categories that have been compiled by researchers. Third, presenting the data that has been researched in a work in the form of a thesis. The result of the research is that the position of women in a country is very important. men and women must synergize for a progressive movement. women in Indonesia must walk side by side with men in the struggle and efforts to fill Indonesia's independence. The struggle was carried out first to gain independence and second to play an active role in eliminating all forms of colonialism in the forms of imperialism, colonialism, and capitalism. Seta was active in fulfilling independence in striving for the realization of a socialist order in Indonesia.

Foreign Purchases for the Needs of Russian Transport during the First World War: Problem Statement and Historiographical Aspects

The article discusses general theoretical considerations about the factor of foreign purchases in solving the transport crisis in Russia during the First World War. At the same time, the main emphasis is placed on a historiographical review of the problem, which allows us to formulate a vector for further research. Since the end of 1914, it has become obvious to the political and military leadership of the country that the requirements of wartime in some industries significantly exceed the capabilities of domestic manufacturers. First of all, this applies to railways, front and rear, which constantly needed a huge number of new rails and fasteners to them, switches, bandages, wagons of various types, locomotives and other materials. The inability to produce the necessary materials in the right quantity at Russian enterprises naturally led to the need to purchase them abroad, primarily in the United States and allied countries - Great Britain and France. Since 1915, foreign procurement has been on a wide scale. Military and civilian authorities, trying to improve the operation of transport, which is critical in wartime conditions, are gradually expanding the range of goods ordered abroad for transport purposes, including cars, materials for aviation and the navy.

История изучения русского населения Дагестана и терского казачества (XVIII – начало XXI в.): историко-библиографический обзор

This paper presents a historiographical review of studies about the history of Russians and Cos-sacks of Dagestan and the North Caucasus in the late Middle Ages, modern, soviet and contempo-rary times. The history of the study of the Russians and the Cossacks in each of these historical periods had its own characteristics and was determined by the socio-political, socio-economic and cultural processes occurring in the country. The authors believe that the most complete and com-prehensive, free from ideological attitudes, historical and ethnographic study of the Russians and the Cossacks, was conducted in modern times. This is because of the new paradigm of the state and social structure of Russia, associated with the unfavorable international political and econom-ic situation, the global challenges of our time; such as an increase in ethnic self-awareness of the Russians who make up most of the population; bring awareness to their responsibility for the peo-ples’ fate of Russia and the entire world. Further study of the historiography of various groups of the domestic and foreign Russian population and the Cossacks is promising to create generalizing works on the history and ethnography of Russians in Russia and other countries of the world. In the article, based on the analysis of the works of the authors of pre-revolutionary, Soviet and modern historiography, using historical-genetic, comparative-historical, typological and his-torical-systemic methods, a historical and bibliographic review of the main works on the history of Russians and the Cossacks of Dagestan and the North Caucasus is given.

Когнитивные структуры и механизмы формообразования в анализе процесса контролируемого расщепления

The paper provides a historiographic review of the problem of using the theory and methods of generative linguistics to study the mechanisms of form making in stone working technologies associated with flaking of various isotropic rocks. The authors come to the conclusion that both the theory itself and its methods are insufficient for adequate analysis and description of these form making mechanisms.

National-state identity impact on the socio-political stability of Russian society: The actual review of Russian researchers

The paper summarizes the major studies of contemporary Russian authors concerning the problems of the formation of the national-state identity of Russian citizens, identity politics and the identity impact on the socio-political stability of Russian society. In a dynamically changing political reality, these problems require a new level of understanding of the theoretical and empirical aspect. This historiographic review presents contemporary political, sociological, historical, and philosophical research. Domestic authors note the special role of the state in forming a national-state identity, as well as analyze the goals in details, objectives, components and results of such a policy.

Sagas in Time and Time in the Sagas: an Attempt at a Historiographical Review

This article is devoted to the perception of time in early Iceland (from the establishment in 930 of the Althing, an annual national assembly, to the submission of the Icelanders to the Norwegian king in 1262—1264). This is not, however, a result of my work with medieval sources (first of all, Icelandic sagas and historical writings) but an attempt to present an overview of this issue in the assessment of international historiography, mainly of the last fifty years, but with a significant emphasis on the 2020s. If by 2017, as noted in the scholarly literature, very little had been published on time in medieval literature in general, and in the sagas in particular, in the last few years three monographic studies have been published that deserve attention and evaluation. The article is divided into two parts. The first one contains a description of general trends and methods of studying time in the works of Old Norse literature, while the second one presents the analysis of three recent works, thematic and methodological intersections in which are an obvious consequence not of interdependence, but of the general situation in the study of this issue.

Classical Philosophy in Russian University Journals (late 19th — early 20th Centuries)

The article analyzes for the first time the features of the publication policy in the field of philosophy in university journals published in Russia in the second half of the 19th — early 20th centuries, using the example of publications on Classical philosophy. The author shows that the materials presented in university journals reflected the results of research and educational activities in the field of Classical philosophy, including not only conceptual and critical articles, but also dissertations, act speeches, lectures, historiographic reviews, source descriptions, and commented translations of ancient authors. While the professors of Saint Petersburg, Moscow, and Kharkov Universities preferred to publish their philosophical works in specialized journals — Zhurnal Ministerstva narodnogo prosveshcheniya, Voprosy filosofii i psihologii, and Vera i razum, the professors of Kiev, Kazan, Novorossiysk, and Warsaw Universities published their works on Classical philosophy, first of all, in their university journals, maintaining the authority of a certain university academic school. The article highlights the works by Professors D.F.Belyaev, E.A.Bobrov, A.N.Gilyarov, Yu.A.Kulakovsky, F.G.Mishchenko, V.I.Modestov, Ass. Professor G.I.Yakubanis, who made a significant contribution not only to the study of Classical philosophy, but also to the development of the studying antiquity in general, their research works became the foundation on which the modern study of the history of Classical culture in Russia is developing.

Проблема интеграции и формирования российско-кавказского социокультурного единства в конце XVIII – XX вв.: историографический аспект

The article contains a historiographical review of pre- revolutionary, Soviet and contemporary studies on various aspects of political, legal, economic and socio-cultural integration of the peoples of the North Caucasus into Russia at the end of the 18th – 20th centuries. The authors carry out a historiographical review of pre-revolutionary and Soviet studies, in which the problem of the formation of the Russian-Caucasian socio-cultural unity at the end of the 18th – 20th centuries is studied. The priority of problems in the pre-revolutionary period was determined by military- strategic tasks in the context of active policy of Russia in the Caucasus, the traditional social institutions, life and customs of the highlanders, their relationship with the imperial authorities were studied in order to integrate the region into the Russian socio-political, economic and cultural system and further modernization of North Caucasian societies. The Soviet period of the historiography of the problem is characterized by the dominance of the Marxist-Leninist methodology, the structuring of the main problems of the history of Russian-North Caucasian relations, the appearance of the first generalizing works on the history of the region, terminological searches in the study of the process of joining and development of the region by the Russian Empire. The authors carry out a historiographical review of modern research, in which the problem of the formation of the Russian-Caucasian sociocultural unity at the end of the 18th – 20th centuries is studied. The modern historiography of the integration and modernization processes in the North Caucasus is characterized by methodological pluralism, which opened up new opportunities for interpreting various social processes in the region in the last third of the 18th – early 20th centuries. The formation of new scientific schools of Caucasian studies was distinguished by different approaches to identifying key factors and processes in the history of the region, a number of authors proceeded from the idea of the independence of its development as part of the Russian state.

The Preconditions and Meaning of Legal Person in Classical Roman Law

In the article there are determined some preconditions of the modern concept of a legal person in Ancient Rome. Researching is preceded by historiographical review aiming to summarize investigation of roman law of persons in the last centuries. The appearance of the notion “persona” is contextualized basing on ancient drama and rhetoric. The features of using that term are exemplified with texts by Gaius and Iulianus. It is concluded that ancient rhetoric made a contribution in developing of abstract view on legal person as a part of systematization of roman law. Meanwhile it is underlined the connection between perception of ancient scenic images and intuitive approach to finding legal solution. Keywords: legal person; mask; rhetoric; roman jurisprudence.

Источниковая база изучения детской повседневности пореформенного Оренбурга на рубеже XIX–XX вв.

The article presents an analysis of the sources applicable to study of children's everyday life in the post-reform period on the example of the city of Orenburg. The relevance of the study lies in increased attention on the part of state and society to the creation of a comfortable environment for life and health of children. The past experience can help in solving contemporary problems of childhood. The novelty of the study is explained by the fact that at present there are no historical works containing a comprehensive analysis of the sources’ potential for studying children’s everyday life. The work is to systematize and analyze the available sources on children’s everyday life at the turn of the 20th century on the example of post-reform Orenburg. Its methodological base is comparative method for comparative analysis of the sources and their data and critical method for determination of the data reliability. The article provides a brief historiographical review of studying the problem. The author divides all sources on children's everyday life into written and material ones. Written sources are represented by unpublished materials (parish registers) and published materials (regulatory documents, statistical data, periodicals, and educational literature). A group of material sources is represented by photographs and portraits depicting children. The article details the value of parish registers as a source for studying children’s everyday life. Along with high information content, parish registers have a number of disadvantages. The article presents an analysis of the normative provision on situation of children in the 19th – 20th centuries; conclusions are drawn about degree of freedom of children and limits of parental authority. The article details research potential of statistical materials and highlights their shortcomings. It explains what a good textbook is and what its mission is. It formulates the peculiarity of periodicals as a source on children’s everyday life. The author gives a comparative description of portrait and photography as historical sources. The author concludes that each source reveals a certain aspect of children’s everyday life. Therefore, in order to create a comprehensive picture of everyday life of children at the turn of the 20th century, the researcher should consider all sources as a complex.

Изучение караханидо-китайских отношений в зарубежной англо-язычной историографии (2000-2022 гг.)

The article is devoted to a historiographical review of the works of modern foreign authors on the problems of Qarakhanid-Chinese relations. The author of the article has studied the works of the last twenty years published in reputable foreign editions. Such works include scientific articles, monographs written in English. The purpose of this article is to analyze the problems in the study of interstate relations between the Qarakhanid State and the Chinese Empire in the Late Middle Ages. The author of the article managed to highlight the main issues of the Turkic-Chinese relations considered by foreign authors. The main methods used are general scientific methods, as well as comparative, historical and genetic methods and critical types of analyses.As a result of the conducted research, the following results were obtained: Chinese sources confirm the information that was presented in the Arab-Persian sources and do not contribute more detailed or new information to the study of this issue. Moreover, there are a number of issues in these Qarakhanid-Chinese relations that require further research. Of particular interest is the question of gifts and goods that circulated between States, through which the essence and purpose of the desired relations are also manifested. A certain list of gifts or goods and their purpose demonstrate the nature of the relations between the Parties, which in turn affects the further course of events. The analyzed English-language works can be used in the study of the problems of the foreign policy of the Qarakhanid State, in the study of the trade routes of the Great Silk Road and in the analysis of the role of the Qarakhanids between the Muslim and Chinese worlds.

Merchantry as a social institution of Kazakh society: Russian and Kazakhstani historiography

This article provides a historiographical review of scientific works devoted to the history of the merchants of Kazakhstan, their role in the socio-economic and cultural development of the country in the second half of the XIX – early XX century. Scientific interest in the figure of a merchant-entrepreneur, a bay, the creator of a trading network, industrial enterprises, a philanthropist and a benefactor is justified, as it makes it possible to more clearly represent his social function, and through this to outline the corresponding qualities of merchants. Up until the late 1980s. in the Russian historical science, merchants were given obviously insufficient attention, the history of merchants was ignored as an object and subject of research. Merchants in Kazakhstan in different historical periods played an important role in the economy and culture of the region. Studying the history of merchants can reveal many aspects of the life of this class group, as well as its interaction with other social groups. Historiographical analysis of the history of the merchants of Kazakhstan in the second half of the XIX – early XX centuries. contributes to the objective reflection of studies published in various periods: pre-revolutionary (pre-Soviet), Soviet, post-Soviet (modern) periods of the history of Kazakhstan. The historiographical analysis is relevant from the point of view of modern discussions about the contribution of merchants to the socio-economic development of cities, charity, culture of Kazakhstan. The revival of entrepreneurship, modern socio-economic processes encourage scientists to study this problem in depth.

Издательская деятельность Ставропигийского института во Львове в 1920–1930-х гг.

For the first time, a historical review of publishing activities at the Stavropegic Institute in Lvov and its printing house is given. A brief historiographical review of the topic is given. The main circle of authors is revealed. The thematic-typological analysis is given. The influence of the ideology of Galician Russophiles on publishing activity is analysed. The role of the Secretary of the Institute of the well-known public figure V. R. Vavrik. The circumstances of the publication of the most famous publication in the Stavropegian Institute – „Thalerhof Almanac” are given. The distribution channels of publishing products in the Stavropegian Institute are shown. Based on new archival documents, it is proved that the bookstore at the Stavropegic Institute was closed not in 1939 or 1944, as previously thought, but in 1950. The article is based on the documents of the V. R. Vavrik in the Department of Manuscripts of the Russian National Library.

THE HISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE HISTORY OF THE MUSEUM WORK IN TRANSCARPATHIA OF THE 20TH CENTURY

The article analysed the historiographical heritage of the history of museum work in Transcarpathia in the 20th century. The historical conditions of the creation and formation of the museums of Transcarpathia have been highlighted, and the museum's role as a public institution for the preservation and study of the region's cultural heritage has been revealed. The main stages of the research of the Transcarpathian Museum of the 20th century are highlighted according to the chronological principle of the pre-Soviet period (the 1920s and 1930s), the Soviet period (1945 – 1980s), and the modern Ukrainian period (since 1991). It's worth noting that the process of the historical development of museum construction in Transcarpathia is provided with sources of primary information unevenly, both quantitatively and substantively. Thus, the evidence regarding the stage of origin and formation of regional museum education is extremely limited. Only in the 20s and 30s of the 20th century, when the territory of Transcarpathia was part of the Czechoslovak Republic, the public increasingly began to show increased attention to national traditions, history, culture, and art. The first attempts to create a museum were made by public associations – T. Legotsky Museum Society (1919), Prosvita Society (1920), Regional Museum Society (1929), Society "Russian National Museum" (1930), Ethnographic Society of Subcarpathian Rus (1939). There were scientists, public figures, local historians, and members of cultural and educational societies who left their memories and dedicated their research to the museum work. However, these studies were mainly devoted to separate museums. After the establishment of Soviet power in the region, the network of museum institutions was constantly growing, as proved by the great scientific interest in this problem. In addition to descriptive works, generalizing ones also appear. The burst of interest in the problem occurred in the 1990s when Ukrainian historians got rid of the ideological limitations of Soviet historiography. The number of scientific studies in various contexts of the museum work is also increasing among Transcarpathian scientists. However, today it is possible to state the absence of a comprehensive scientific work that would consider the preconditions, stages of formation, and the first steps of developing the museum work in Transcarpathia in the 20th century. There are also no particular historiographical works or historiographical reviews of this problem.

Research Results of Mongolian Burial Sites in the Territory of Modern Mongolia

Since the 1950s, medieval burial sites in Mongolia have been systematically excavated. Among them, tombs belonging to the period of the formation and further expansion of the Mongol Empire have been identified. This article presents an overview of the excavations of such graves that have been carried out. Mongolian and foreign specialists were involved in these activities. The archaeological teams of the Soviet-Mongolian Historical and Cultural Expedition led by A.P. Okladnikov made a major contribution. About 700 medieval burials at over 100 sites have been excavated in Mongolia to date. Not all the results, however, have been published to date. Three main types of burials have been identified: aristocratic graves, burial mounds of common nomads and rock burials. The presented historiographical review makes it possible to identify four stages in the study of medieval burial complexes in Mongolia. The available material provides an opportunity to carry out a large programme of modern, comprehensive research. The results will give substance to various aspects of life and activities of the nomads of Inner Asia during the developed Middle Ages. It will be important to compare such data with written and pictorial sources.

Islamism in the Foreign Discourse of the 21st Century

The article presents the results of a historiographical review of foreign scientific literature on the nature of Islamism in the 21st century. An important role in the foreign discourse of the 21st century was played by the study of the radical component in Islamism, which has various modifications and shades. In addition to studying radicalism and studying the issue of the social base of Islamism, special attention is paid to its political features and definition. The events of the Arab Spring led to speculation about another «decline of Islamism». According to foreign scholars, Islamism failed to achieve the main goal of building an Islamic state in the shortest possible time and underwent revision, resulting in more liberal post–Islamist ideas. There is an attempt to systematize the accumulated knowledge about Islamist ideology.

Historiographical review of the intellectual life of iran in the late хix-1st half of the xx century

The investigation is devoted to the analysis of the sources related the topic of the scientific research. In the introduction, the author focuses on the events of the 19-th century and comments on the political situation in the Iranian country. The article reviews and informs about the problems and events that have arisen in the country as a result of these political processes. In the main part of the article, the sources under the topic are divided into three groups for investigation. It examines the research studies published at different times and focuses on their original value. Particularly special attention is paid to works on the history of Iran, displaying the relief of events “from time immemorial to the present day” as valuable sources of the research under investigation. The next most important source highlighted in the article is the study of Iranian researchers on the events of that period. In conclusion, the author says that in the future, these sources will be studied in the research work, depending on the level of source study significance, and a historical comparative analysis will be carried out. The article provides a historiographic comparative analysis of the sources. The aim of the research work is to determine the bibliographic base of the research work. The scientific and practical significance of the article lies in the identification of source materials and disclosure of the source value of future research work. In the research work, guided by the conclusions obtained in the article, a plan of the future work program is drawn up, which will be supplemented in the course of the research. &nbsp

О влиянии «баек» на формирование методологии экономической науки и их пользе в процессе ее преподавания (Часть I)

Introduction. This article is a justification of the possibility of using tales to popularize economics, economic history and the history of economic thought. Theoretical analysis. The historiographic review showed that many prominent English-speaking and Russian-speaking economists in their scientific articles and monographs textually or allegorically use the terms “parables”, “fables”, “stories”, “stories”, “myths”, “saga”, and the like. Therefore, the term “tales” will organically complement this semantic range. The study of the construction of theory and models within the framework of economic theory and economic history in the 20th century revealed that the essence of the methodology of scientific research data (instrumentalism) is very close to the practice of inventing half-truth instructive stories, from which the proper conclusions should be made. Results. Post-modernization of the modern academic environment pluralization, can be used in the process of creative self-expression of economists and progress in the field of economic sciences.