Historiographical Review Research Articles

Images of Daggers on Deer Stones (Historiographical Review of Russian Studies)

The article presents the history of the study of images of daggers on "deer" stones. The carvings of this type of weapon are not only the most common on this type of statues, but also most often distinguished by a sufficiently high degree of elaboration and realism, which invariably attracts the attention of researchers to them. The work under consideration is divided into three blocks. These are specialized studies devoted to the study of "deer" stones. Monographs on the ancient history of individual regions, where "deer" stones are included as one of the types of monuments of this territory. Articles that touch upon various aspects of the study of these sculptures: the introduction of new materials into scientific circulation, the analysis and interpretation of known sources. Inside the blocks, the chronological sequence of presentation is observed. The analysis of the studies made it possible to identify certain successes in the study of the designated topic. The source base is collected to the maximum extent, the range of analogies for this category of images is indicated, and their chronological groups are highlighted. At the same time, classification schemes have not been developed, and all available information is mostly scattered and not systematized, which gives a number of tasks for its further systematic study.

Современное зарубежное монголоведение: основные тенденции и направления

The article is devoted to a historiographical review of the works of modern foreign Mongolian scholars, which presents the evolution of the views of western historiography in various aspects of Mongolian studies. Based on the analysis, the author reveals general trends, promising directions, methodological approaches in the development of foreign Mongolian studies.

ON SOME SPECIFIC FEATURES OF ISLAM IN SOVIET CENTRAL ASIA (HISTORIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW)

The paper studies issues related to the historiography of Islam, its specific features in Soviet Central Asia, based on foreign (mainly English) and domestic sources. On the basis of a historiographic review on the research topic (works of foreign, mainly English-speaking authors and domestic researchers), the paper examines issues related to the relationship between Islam as a socio-cultural system and Soviet ideology, the main stages of the state course in the USSR in relation to Islam, the existence of "Parallel Islam" in the USSR, which is due both to the historical traditions and peculiarities of the development of this religion in the region, and the policy pursued by the Soviet authorities in relation to religion and any dissent in general. The influence of the legacy of the Soviet period on the religious situation in modern Kazakhstan and, in general, on the socio-cultural sphere is noted.

Personality and legacy of Isma‘il Gasprinsky in the Tatar Emigrant Press of the 1930s

The article deals with the materials of the Tatar emigrant press of the 1930s dedicated to the memory about Isma‘il Gasprinsky (1851–1914). A series of publications addressed to the personality and creative heritage of the outstanding public figure appeared throughout 1933 in connection with the 50 th anniversary of the newspaper “Tеrjiman” (“Terzhiman” / “Translator”) and Gasprinsky’s 20 th death anniversary. The largest array of such papers was published in two Tatar-language periodicals: the journal “Yana Milli Yul” (Berlin) and the newspaper “Milli Bayraq” (Mukden). Part of those publications were probably initiated by the leader of Tatar political emigration Gayaz Ishaqy (1878–1954). In addition, anniversary celebrations and meetings were widely covered in emigrant media, as well as historiographic reviews. Covering anniversary events, publishing large printed materials and informing readers about current events, the emigrant press played an important ideological, organizational and coordinating role, connecting disparate communities and individuals, as well as relaying the most important meanings and values for the nation. Thus, the Tatar-speaking emigre press was an active participant in the discourse of national memory, developing and transforming in the difficult conditions of exile and separation from their homeland.

СЫРДАРИЯ ӨҢІРІ ҚАЗАҚТАРЫНЫҢ СУЛАНДЫРУ ЖҮЙЕСІНІҢ ЗЕРТТЕЛУ ТАРИХЫ

The article providesa historiographic review of the works written on the traditional irrigation system of the SyrdaryanKazakhs. Since the second half of the 19th century, in order to implement the policy of tsarist Russia on the resettlement of the outlying lands, Russian officials and researchers began to actively study water-land relations and irrigation systems of the local population. In other words, studies of Russian officials and travelers have become systematic. Thus, the work of N.A. Dingelstedt “Experience in studying irrigation of the Turkestan region. Syr-Darya region "was written on the basis of the results of a study initiated by the Turkestan General Government. In addition, in pre-revolutionary historiography, this topic is considered in the works of L. Meyer,E. Smirnov, A. I. Shakhnazarov, N. Gavrilov, G. N. Cherdantsev, etc. After the formation of the Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR and the formation of schools of archeology and ethnography, stationary archaeological and ethnographic expeditions are carried out in the regions of the country, the results of which are reflected in academic publications and scientific articles. The peculiarity of this period lies in the fact that this problem and other similar issues were analyzed from a scientific point of view. Despite the fact that this topichas not been considered as a special object of research since 1991, it has been noted in the dissertations of individual applicants, and in monographs of researchers.

Urban issues in Kazakhstan and foreign historiography (historiographical overview)

Modern Kazakh historiography is in the paradigm of mastering the results of foreign urban history. The article presents a historiographical review of urban issues. The study of the city as a complex organism has become one of the most relevant areas recently. Since the middle of the twentieth century, American and European historical urban studies have considered the city in its entirety, the interaction of the city and citizens, as an environment and subjects that create urban space. To date, Kazakh historiography is represented by separate studies on the history of the city, in the context of local lore, the history of urban architecture. There are few works considering the population of Kazakhstan and the city as a single complex organism in permanent interaction and mutual influence, focusing on the history of everyday life. The historical and genetic methods allow us to consider the problems in its development and identify patterns. The application of the historical-comparative method reveals differences in the development of Kazakh historiography. A comprehensive study of the urban environment in the historical context allows us to understand the nature of the changes in which society and the state were, as well as the motives and aspirations of social groups. As a result, it is identified that there are common patterns in Soviet and Kazakh historiography, as the city and society, being objects of research, were not considered in close connection and mutual influence. The indicated problems have not received proper attention from the researchers of both the Soviet and modern periods

К ИСТОРИИ АРХЕОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ИЗУЧЕНИЯ СОВЕТСКОЙ АРКТИКИ

The article presents a brief historiographical review of the first archaeological studies of the Yenisei North. The study presents a description of unknown documents developed by the team of the Arctic Institute in the mid 1940s. The evacuation of the Institute of the Arctic to Krasnoyarsk during the Great Patriotic War increased the attention of its employees to the Krasnoyarsk North. The article publishes «Brief instructions for the registration and protection of archaeological sites of the Soviet Arctic» and «A short questionnaire program for collecting information about the archaeological sites of the Arctic». These documents were identified by the authors in 2022 during the analysis of unprocessed archival materials in the funds of the Krasnoyarsk Regional Museum of Local Lore. The purpose of the study is to introduce the identified archival materials in the historical context of the development the matters of registration and protection the historical and cultural resources in the Russian Arctic. The instruction contains the main types of resources of the native peoples of the North: dwellings and settlements of coastal tribes, settlements of hunters and reindeer herders of the tundra and forest tundra, ancient workshops, fortifications, burial grounds, sacrificial places, rock carvings, remains of fossil fauna, grottoes, caves and sheds in the rocks. Saibs, Arangas and other ancient burial places of pre-Christian times among the Nenets, Yuraks, Nganasans, Yukaghirs, Yakuts are singled out in a special group of resources. They were subject to research only by specialist archaeologists and should were protected. The need to single out resources of the archaeological heritage of the Russian population is emphasized on the example of unique finds in Sims Bay and Thaddeus Island. The section «Recording and protection of archaeological sites of the North» contains regulatory requirements for the identification and registration of the noted types of sites. To characterize them, the Instruction recommends cartographic, field observation, comparative-historical, complex and other methods of study. The transfer of found artifacts and all identified information to the Arctic Institute of the Main Northern Sea Route under the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR or its representatives located in the nearest points is regulated. The content of the identified documents ends with a brief questionnaire for collecting information about the archaeological sites of the Arctic.

Семейно-бытовая обрядность народов Дагестана: историографический обзор

Based on historical-comparative, typological, chronological, and systemic general scientific methods, the article gives a historiographical review of pre-revolutionary, Soviet and recent his-torical, and ethnographic sources, as well as literature on the family rituals of the peoples of Da-gestan. In the Soviet and Russian ethnographic tradition, these rituals are usually attributed to the rituals of the life cycle - birth, reaching maturity, changing social status, marriage, death, and bur-ial. Rites of the life cycle are a group of rites that mark the main stages in the life of each member of society. They have ethno-cultural significance, since they are directly related to local, in partic-ular, ethnic identity and act as an important mechanism for the formation and preservation of the stability of traditional culture. According to the author, pre-revolutionary historiography, present-ed by Russian and local Russian-speaking authors, was descriptive. Under the influence of the Marxist-Leninist ideology and the class approach in describing the phenomena of culture and life, Soviet historiography, represented by metropolitan and local ethnographers, was engaged in fixing marriage, family, wedding, maternity and funeral rites and customs of relics of ancient forms of family and marriage, pre-monotheistic beliefs, and party functionaries - the fight against obsolete harmful remnants and introducing new rituals into socialist life - Komsomol and no alcohol wed-dings, etc. Both Soviet and post-Soviet authors, describing family rituals, focused on clarifying the traditional layer and new customs. The latest historiography of family rituals pays attention to the transformational processes in them under the influence of globalization, modernization, and urbanization. Giving the nomenclature of historians and ethnologists of modern, Soviet and mod-ern times engaged in the study of wedding, maternity and funeral rites of the peoples of Dagestan, the author also conducts researchers of family life among other peoples of the Caucasus and Rus-sia.

Concepts of historical memory and the politics of memory in the context of social and historical-humanitarian studies (historiographic analysis)

The article presents a historiographic review of historical memory and, based on this, examines the meaning and features of the process of rethinking national histories. The relevance of the presented work lies in the fact that today there is a “memorial boom”, which leads to a critical analysis of the past, a revision of the main plots of the history of the state and society. Since gaining independence, the post-Soviet countries have been embraced by the search for national identity. In this search, an important role was played by the reevaluation of one’s own history; based on new methodological approaches, the colonial experience, postcolonial transformations are being investigated. Thus, this paper aims to analyze a wide range of theoretical and historiographic material, the works of the founders of the concept of memory, fundamental works of researchers, from whom new directions came, such as the “politics of memory” or “trauma of memory”, etc. The authors of this article consider the theoretical foundations of memory, which have become significant in such sciences as sociology, history, philosophy, political science, etc. The study uses historical-genetic, historical-comparative, historical-systemic methods, as well as methods of retrospective and prospective analysis. The historiographic review of foreign and domestic authors helped to consider and analyze such concepts as historical memory and historical politics. In the works of French, German, American researchers, the theoretical and methodological foundations of the category of memory were studied. Russian and Kazakh historiography are represented by modern research, which is aimed at studying the processes associated with mythologizing, politicizing these processes, commemorative practices, local and regional aspects

Cultural and educational work in the Red Army in the 1920s – June 1941: the late Soviet historiography of the problem (a brief historiographical review)

The researcher has revealed late Soviet historiography of the problem of cultural and educational work in the Workers and Peasants Red Army (Red Army) in the 1920s June 1941. Such a scientific task is solved in the format of a brief historiographical review. In this case, the late Soviet historiography refers to an array of Soviet historiographical sources published in the second half of the 1980s 1991, that is, during the so-called Gorbachevs perestroika. The author of this brief historiographical review proceeded from the fact that in the conditional historiographical period, the chronological framework of which is indicated above, a certain number of historiographical sources devoted to the history of the Red Army in the 1920s June 1941 appeared. They reflected, among other things, many aspects of cultural and educational work in the Red Army, which was an integral part of party-political work (moreover, with a relative degree of independence) that became, without a doubt, a unique phenomenon in Soviet military construction and construction of the Armed Forces of the young Soviet state. The authors selected, first of all, a set of historiographical sources having both direct and indirect relation to the topic of cultural and educational work in the Red Army in the 1920s June 1941. While working with them, the peculiar historical situation that developed in the USSR during Gorbachevs perestroika was taken into account. Then the general vector of historical development was built the movement towards the collapse of the USSR. And this circumstance left an indelible imprint on all historiographical sources, which reflect (to one degree or another) the problem being subjected to a brief historiographical review. Such historiographical sources today require comprehension and rethinking from the standpoint of new theoretical and methodological approaches that have established themselves in modern Russian historical science.

О НЕКОТОРЫХ СПЕЦИФИЧЕСКИХ ЧЕРТАХ ИСЛАМА В СОВЕТСКОЙ ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОЙ АЗИИ (ИСТОРИОГРАФИЧЕСКИЙ ОБЗОР)

The paper studies issues related to the historiography of Islam, its specific features in Soviet Central Asia, based on foreign (mainly English) and domestic sources. On the basis of a historiographic review on the research topic (works of foreign, mainly English-speaking authors and domestic researchers), the paper examines issues related to the relationship between Islam as a socio- cultural system and Soviet ideology, the main stages of the state course in the USSR in relation to Islam, the existence of "Parallel Islam" in the USSR, which is due both to the historical traditions and peculiarities of the development of this religion in the region, and the policy pursued by the Soviet authorities in relation to religion and any dissent in general. The influence of the legacy of the Soviet period on the religious situation in modern Kazakhstan and, in general, on the socio-cultural sphere is noted.

A historiographical review of contending perspectives on the establishment of marketing boards in colonial Nigeria

The paper analyses the contending debates on the establishment of marketing boards in colonial Nigeria. It analyses their operations within the purview of colonialist and nationalist perspectives. The paper contends that the British established the boards to protect its imperial and economic interests rather than the price stabilization policy they were primarily created for. It submits that the marketing boards were monopoly institutions the British used to cushion the internal contradictions in its post-Second World War economy. It argues that the paltry infrastructural facilities provided by the British administration were not meant to stimulate development but accidental fallouts of colonialism

Historicizing Economic Growth: An Overview of Recent Works

AbstractIn this historiographical review, I analyse recent works on the history of economic growth and provide a starting point for thinking about how this literature fits together as a discrete field of research. The questions being asked in these texts are relatively new, and as of yet no attempt has been made to identify the major themes that are driving this research. In putting these works into dialogue with each other, across the disciplinary boundaries of history, ecology, anthropology, economics, and political science, we can see that a new subfield of academic inquiry is emerging. Driven by concerns over climate change and rising economic inequality, this new research aims to understand the obsession with economic growth that has shaped so much of our contemporary world.

THE ROOSTER IN THE SALTIV CULTURE

ІIn 2016, the Slobozhanska Early Medieval Archaeological Expedition has excavated the complex 16 — a pit-cellar, quite typical for sites of the forest-steppe variant of the Saltiv culture in the Siverskyi Dinets basin. The small material is also quite typical for the Saltiv population. The pottery is represented by two fragments of pithos and a fragment of an amphora handle with a neck. The kitchenware from the assemblage was a hand-made: touched up on a potter’s wheel and shaped by hand. The handle and walls of the jars of good quality were also found.
 The compact find of five bones of roosters tarsometatarsus from the filling of the assemblage attracts attention. This paper attempts to analyze this unique find. The role and significance of the bird in the Saltiv culture is also analyzed.
 The birds were of normal size, the length of the bones differs from the roosters from earlier sites as well as from some modern outbred roosters by less than 1 cm. Signs that they were fighting roosters (as a result of fights, the birds get leg injuries which remain the marks on the bones) are visible. The small number of finds of chickens in general at the sites of the Saltiv culture does not allow us to claim that they were used in the economy.
 Currently, this is only the second find of tarsometatarsi of roosters at the sites of the Saltiv culture (the first one comes from the so-called ritual assemblage from Mayaki). In the scientific literature, accordingly, there have been no attempts to interpret such cases. Taking into account the historiographic review of the problems of interpretation of roosters in general from archaeological sites, we come to the conclusion that the tarsometatarsus of roosters could be a symbol (amulets) of bravery and militancy, respectively, most likely, of warriors. And the act of burying this symbol (amulets) can be an act of taking away the powers of a warrior.

The Unheard Voice of Law in Bartolomé de Las Casas's “Brevísima relación de la destruición de las Indias.”

Few authors of colonial Spanish American history are as well known as Bartolomé de Las Casas. Among his many works, Brevísima relación de la destrucción de las Indias stands out as the most widely read and discussed, from its publication in the mid-sixteenth century up until our own times. David Thomas Orique joins the long list of commentators on this controversial treatise with a detailed study in which he proposes a legal reading. Indeed, Orique's central thesis is that the Brevísima relación is a text written for legal purposes and situated within an important tradition of legal literature in the Iberian world. Consequently, Orique takes a critical distance from certain interpretations of the Brevísima relación that see the work either as a historical and reliable denunciation of colonial violence or as a false and malicious criticism of the Spanish empire that would lay the groundwork for the creation of the so-called Black Legend.Orique's analytic strategy consists, to begin with, in reconstructing the context in which the text was produced. Following Las Casas's biography, the author describes the Spanish cultural and intellectual worlds of the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries: the pedagogy in universities, the primary circulating texts, the most important theological and juridical traditions, and the political problems that framed the debates of the era, particularly those surrounding the colonization of the Americas. The author develops these subjects in chapters 2 through 5.After Orique describes the context, chapters 6 and 7 make an exact analysis of the Brevísima relación to explain Las Casas's treatise or, put in Quentin Skinner's terms, what the author is doing in his writing. To this end, Orique describes the work's forensic structure and rhetoric, the legal vocabulary utilized, the insertion of testimonies and probanzas in the account, and how the text was addressed to royal authorities. In this way, Orique shows that the Brevísima relación is eminently a legal text, linked to the legal genres of relaciones, denuncias, and peticiones, that aimed to transform how the colonization of the Americas was being carried out in favor of the continent's Indigenous inhabitants.Orique's central argument is not entirely original, as he himself notes. Since the middle of the last century, various studies on Bartolomé de Las Casas have recognized the importance of the legal dimension of his thought, to such an extent that he has been described as a jurist, a canonist, a public advocate, and a public prosecutor. Taking up this perspective, Orique makes a deeper and more detailed analysis of the weight that traditions of civil and canon law exerted on Las Casas's writings, especially on his Brevísima relación. Orique's meticulous review of this famous treatise provides Las Casas studies with solid arguments for understanding the Brevísima relación as a legal document.However, in my opinion, the main contribution made by The Unheard Voice of Law in Bartolomé de Las Casas's “Brevísima relación de la destruición de las Indias” is found in the chapters that reconstruct the context of the production of Las Casas's work. Through reading numerous treatises of the time as well as a broad historiographical review, Orique presents an overview of the Hispanic American thought of early modernity, of the discussions that defined the field of politics, and of the multiple political traditions and languages used within the Spanish monarchy. This is an excellent synthesis, set out in clear and entertaining prose, that works very well as an introductory text for students and nonspecialist historians who seek to study sixteenth-century Spanish American intellectual history. It will also, of course, serve those interested in Bartolomé de Las Casas, a key figure in the history of the Americas, Spain, and the world.

Slavophils’ Idea of Peter I and His Reforms and the Interpretation Thereof by the Slavophils’ Opponents

The article offers a historiographic review of the works that deal with the interpretation by the Slavophils of the figure of Peter I and his reforms. The author analyzes the works of A.S. Khomyakov, I.V. Kireevsky, K.S. Aksakov, Yu.F. Samarin and others, who were the first in Russian cultural sphere who publicly criticized the activity of Peter I. At the same time Slavophils never denied the historical validity of Peter’s reforms and never supported any return to the standards and practices of pre-Petrine time. The author also examines the interpretation of the emperor’s image by the authorities and the Westerners. Special attention he pays to the works of V.G. Belinsky, who played a special role in the attempts to discredit the Slavophils, and in particular, in the shaping of their image as retrogrades and opponents to any reforms. The author stresses that the disputes of Slavophils and Westerners regarding Peter I exposed their fundamental differences in the views of the Western culture exclusiveness and the possibility of forcible reforms.

Problems of Studying the Purpose of Disks with Concentric Ornament in Russian Archaeology

The article is devoted to a historiographical review of scientific works, which provides an analysis and purpose of disks with concentric ornament, common in the Urals and Siberia in the first half of the 1st millennium AD. The stages of the history of the study of bronze disks with concentric ornament with the definition of their purpose in a particular complex are distinguished and characterized. When describing each of the stages, the most significant works of the authors who worked during this period are given within the framework of the designated topic, the main ideas and concepts are highlighted. The author provides several points of view of researchers on the purpose of disks with concentric ornament. The first considers disks as elements of armor or armor. The second defines them as objects of ritual and religious practices. The third notes the purely aesthetic function of the discs as costume decorations. The fourth combines several interpretations about the place and role of these products in the life of the ancient population of Siberia, as well as the reflection of the idea of the calendar. As a result, it is concluded that currently there is no consensus about the purpose of disks with concentric ornament, and different researchers agree only that the local population of Siberia and the Urals used these imports differently.

Pedagogical Progressivism and Black Education: A Historiographical Review, 1880–1957

This article offers a critical review of the literature on how race played into the historical development of pedagogical progressivism in the late-19th and early-20th-century United States. While many historians have focused on the overt/covert racism inherent in much of progressive pedagogy as espoused by White educators, others have highlighted the ways in pedagogical progressivism supported movements toward liberation and social justice, especially when taken up by Black educators. Thus, the historical treatment of pedagogical progressivism is becoming more nuanced by incorporating the work of Black scholars, school leaders, curriculum designers, and teachers.

REFLECTION OF THE INFORMATION VALUE OF CLERics STATEMENTS IN HISTORICAL LITERATURE

Historical and ecclesiastical issues occupy an increasing place in the mass media and in the life of Russian society, since the Orthodox Church, along with other confessions, acts not only as a social institution, but also as a guardian of the material and spiritual culture of the past. In this regard, the history of the Orthodox confession in the country as a whole and in individual regions is of genuine interest. Various problems of the history of Orthodoxy are increasingly reflected in scientific research. Among the most pressing problems are aspects of the social and mental history of society, which caused the need to study historical sources, which previously, due to their vastness or dryness, had no major significance. The article presents an overview of the historical literature on the clerics statements, which were the material for accounting for the parish clergy and the Orthodox population of the Russian Empire since 1769. Introduced into scientific circulation more recently, the clerics statements are a specific historical source about the parish life of Russia during the imperial period. The article presents a historiographical review of the literature on clerics statements and focuses on works in which researchers, one way or another, using the materials of church records of the population, revealed various aspects of the functioning of an Orthodox parish. In general, historical literature can be divided into several blocks. Among them, scientific publications devoted directly to the social status of the parish clergy, their origin, education, moral character, and the practical activities of clerics occupy a leading position. A number of works reveal the state of the flock, its social structure, attitude towards the church and the Orthodox faith in general. Clerics statements are a unique source about the history of a particular parish, locality, diocese, and church art. Of separate note are the works in which the genesis and further changes in the structure and form of the document are considered. In general, the clerics statements have a huge information potential in the study of social history and confessional policy of the state.

РЕСЕЙ ТАРИХНАМАСЫНДАҒЫ ЖОШЫ ҰЛЫСЫ ТАРИХЫНЫҢ ЗЕРТТЕЛУІ (1991-2021 ЖЖ.)

The article presents a historiographical review of works related to the history of the medieval state of Jochi ulus in Russian historiography. In particular, after the collapse of the Soviet state, attention was paid to conceptual changes and new views in the works of Russian researchers on thetopic. Analyzing scientific works, the author introduces 4 main directions for the study of the history of the Juchi ulus in Russia at the present time. Thus, the author shows the dynamics of changing opinions on this topic and the emergence of new data and thoughts. The main sources of the article are publications and articles published during this period. The author is looking for a unique paradigm in the study of the history of the Jochi Ulus in the works of domestic researchers over the past thirty years and seeks to determine the course and degree of study of the modern topic.The work describes a cycle of new theoretical ideas concerning the history of Jochi ulus, with an analysis of the works of Russian researchers. In particular, there is a positiveassessment by researchers of the "Ulus of Jochi", which requires significant changes in the form of studying the history of the modern Middle Ages. In the article, the author drew attention to research works that, instead of a formational approach in the interpretation of historical facts, took a liberal direction.