Historical Stages Of Development Research Articles

Historical and legal analysis of the genesis of pre-emptive law as a general theoretical phenomenon

The object of the study is social relations taken in historical retrospect, arising, changing and developing under the influence of the advantages of some subjects over others. The subject of the study is the preferential rights taken in historical retrospect. The purpose of the presented research is to form the foundations of the concept of the legislative category of preemptive right. Based on the genesis of the preemptive right, the conclusion is made about the dominance of the objective component in this phenomenon, which implies the possibility of having an additional benefit in comparison with other subjects. It is noted that there is a need to distinguish the pre-emptive right from related categories, primarily privileges and benefits. Dialectical materialism has been chosen as the basic method of scientific cognition, which makes it possible to study objective and subjective factors in the essence of pre-emptive law in dynamics. The historical method is actively used, which makes it possible to highlight the genesis of the pre-emptive right at various stages of historical development. A comparative legal method is used to investigate the evolution of the pre-emptive right in the legislation of various states of the world. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the very formulation of the problem of the need for scientific analysis of the genesis of pre-emptive law as an objective and universal phenomenon, implemented not only in normative acts regulating civil legal relations, but also finding its expression in almost all branches of modern legislation. The relevance of the study is determined by the severity of the problems associated with the presence of such a phenomenon as pre-emptive law in the legislation. The prevalence of the latter in regulatory prescriptions can lead to the rights inequality. In turn, the verified establishment and application of this phenomenon makes it possible to optimize the positions of various participants in public relations regulated by law. The historical analysis of the genesis of the preemptive right allows to conclude about the inevitability and permanence of its presence in the legislation, which determines the relevance of the study.

Solutions for Improving Human Resource Management at Commercial Banks Based on the Digital Economy

Vietnam's banking system has undergone many historical development stages. The development stages all pose requirements for the respective human resource requirements. Over the past time and now, commercial banks have developed characteristics such as: being a key component in the financial system; speedy growth in scale; products in the infancy stage have not high technology content; competitiveness and asset quality are not high. The issue of human resource management is of particular importance to an organization. No organization's activities can be practical without human resource management. Human resource management is the cause of success or failure in business activities. The fundamental goal of any organization is to effectively use human resources to achieve the organization's goals, including Vietnamese commercial banks, especially in the current context of competition and international integration. The authors tested descriptive statistics from 200 persons working for many commercial banks in Vietnam. The results showed that the current situation of human resource management at commercial banks is at a lower level. Thus, it is necessary to have studied and propose solutions to improve human resource management at commercial banks.

The evolution of ideas about the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease: from the past to the present day

Cognitive disorders are one of the most important manifestations of various cerebral pathologies. Among all the nosological forms that occur with the formation of dementia, Alzheimer’s disease is the most common. At various stages of historical development, scientists conducted numerous studies aimed at establishing effective means of its therapy. In ancient times, the emphasis was on the use of such means as baths, diets, wine, massage, mental training. In addition, various rites and rituals were practiced. A large role was given to the use of decoctions, tinctures based on medicinal plants, often with the addition of minerals and animal products. In the XIX century, physical care, being in a family environment, attempts to involve in everyday activities, restrictive measures became widespread. In the process of the development of sciences at the beginning of the XX century, pharmacological preparations began to be used. Initially, these were sedatives and diuretics based on bromine and iodine. Then vasodilating and other “vascular” means came into practice. As data on the pathogenesis of the disease accumulated, drugs that affect cholinergic transmission and other mediator systems were developed. There have also been attempts to use drugs with neurotrophic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. The most modern direction of therapy, taking into account the main pathobiochemical changes formed in the brain in Alzheimer’s disease, is an antiamyloid strategy aimed at modifying the course of the disease.

Полиморфная гамма-шкала экономического развития

The dynamic series of compound interest always contains transcendental numbers, which the author uses to construct the dual functions of polymorphic growth and development. These gamma functions quantize geoeconomic space and time in the form of historical stages of development. They also reveal dialectical pairs of gamma quanta of the core of civilization and lambda quanta of the leading countries. The author proposes a gamma scale for measuring the level of development of national economies.

Tendencies of labor content changes at different stages of historical development

The article investigates how the main characteristics of labor activity are manifested during different stages of historical development. The authors propose to classify labor activity by four labor relations layering directions: free and bonded labor, prestigious and ordinary types of activity, skilled and unskilled labor, creative and routine labor. The main approaches to history periodization were analyzed and presented on a unified time scale. Based on the analysis of existing approaches, a generalized approach to the history periodization is proposed. For each historical period the manifestation of labor relations layering directions is shown: how they are manifested, how this manifestation changes from period to period, how labor activity is distributed within these characteristics. The visualization of how the labor relations layering directions manifest themselves at different historical stages of the proposed periodization is presented. The conclusion is made that the differentiation of labor has a wave-like character; the identified labor relations layering directions are manifested practically at all periods of history of economic activity, they change in different directions and interrelated with each other; creative and skilled labor relations layering types reflect the process of new technologies introduction; labor differentiation increases during the periods of technological revolutions.

Компетентнісні аспекти професійної підготовки педагога

The article substantiates the peculiarities of teacher training in the national educational space at the beginning of the 21st century. The role of the teacher in the organization of the modern educational process has been determined and the features of the functions of the teacher as a moderator, tutor, organizer of project work, organizer of play activities have been emphasized. Competence approach has been characterized as the main condition for the teacher’s personal growth and development, the formation of his/her pedagogical style and professional position. Emphasis has been placed on political and social, informational, multicultural competencies, competencies that determine the possession of oral and written communication, competencies that realize the ability and desire to lifelong learning as a basis for continuous training and personal development. The article highlights the features of professional training of a contemporary teacher: the emphasis of educational activity of the 21st century school on the development of pedagogical thinking, teaching skills and formation of abilities and skills of educational activity, the definition of the most appropriate paradigm of education, which should be at this stage of historical development, promoting the formation and development of spiritual and moral qualities of the individual, the assertion of a person in a person. It is determined that the basis of professional training is not only the subject specialization, but also the essential, cultural and contextual aspects of activity. The teacher of the twenty-first century school should be prepared for the fact that education will perform a restorative function. One of the most important tasks of the modern teacher training is to form a teacher's readiness to work with students to design their personal trajectories, involving them in socio-cultural experience. It is concluded that at the present stage there is a need for a qualitatively new teacher training, which combines the fundamentals of professional basic knowledge with innovative thinking and practice-oriented, research-based approach to solving specific educational problems. Keywords: teacher, professional training, competence approach, personality development.

Отказ от свободной оценки доказательств на примере «амнистии капитала»: очередной удар по публичности уголовного процесса России

The relevance of the work is caused by the socio-political demand to change the criminal procedural law, taking into account its focus on the creation of a favourable investment and business climate. At the same time, science has not convincingly justified the real reasons for changing the criminal procedural law in this direction, which leads to its chaotic changes, often inconsistent with the fundamental principles of criminal procedure, its purpose. The purpose of the work is to study the impact of legal norms ensuring the implementation of "amnesty of capital" on the free evaluation of evidence, as well as its ability to ensure the implementation of public interest of all members of society aimed at combating crime. The following set of research methods was used effectively. First, the dialectical method of knowledge - as a key method in the consideration of legal norms that ensure the implementation of "amnesty of capital" in relation to the general problems of criminal procedure. Secondly, the method of modelling - in the study of how the theory and law enforcement practice will be affected by the change in the criminal procedural form caused by the "amnesty of capital". Thirdly, the formal-legal method - in identifying the specifics of the construction of legal constructions in the rules of criminal procedure providing for "amnesty of capital". Fourthly, the historical-legal method - in the analysis of legal constructions and the practice of their application at different stages of historical development. Fifth, the statistical method - in the collection and analysis of statistical data relating to the research topic. The results of the study lead to the following conclusions. Firstly, the free assessment of evidence and the statutory rules of evidence collection, aimed at the development of inner conviction, are mutually supportive, resulting in the publicity of criminal proceedings. Secondly, legal rules ensuring the implementation of "capital amnesty" exclude the free assessment of evidence and introduce a formal approach to both its collection and assessment, which results in the loss of publicity of criminal proceedings. Thirdly, the reason for the rejection of free assessment of evidence is the legislator's mistrust of the officials of the preliminary investigation agencies and the court. The reasons for this distrust lie in the lack of proper motivation and reasonableness of their decisions. Fourthly, it is concluded that it is inadmissible to conceptually transform the criminal procedural law with economic interests, distrust of the court and officials of the preliminary investigation bodies. In this connection, it is proposed either to abandon the continuation of the "capital amnesty" or to no longer consider acts for which criminal responsibility is suspended as a crime, but rather as administrative offences or criminal misdemeanours. The authors declare no conflicts of interests.

CONSTITUTIONAL MODERNIZATION OF THE INSTITUTION OF LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

The article is an analytical study of the changes that have occurred as a result of the reform of the federal land of the Russian Federation. The authors consider the modern constitutional reform as a comprehensive systemic modernization of not only public administration bodies but also the social development of the country as a whole. The problem lies in the methodology of historical and legal discourse. Within the framework of the stated topic, the historical dynamics of constitutional changes and assessments of the institution of local self-government in Russia is analyzed. The authors historically consistently characterize the development of theoretical views on the problems of the institution under study, the features of the implementation of local self-government and its interaction with state bodies at different stages of historical development. The article analyzes the positions of Soviet constitutionalism in the field of public administration, and also attempts to assess the current state and modernization trends in connection with the latest amendments to the Russian Constitution. The analysis showed that the formed modern system of local self-government is the result of a long historical development of Russian society, which reflects the socio-cultural, political and economic features of both local territories and the state as a whole. The constitutional consolidation of the concept of “single system of public administration” is based on the key idea that building a unified system of public authority in Russian conditions can be progressively developed and be successfully implemented only within the framework of establishing a new balance of delineation of powers between all levels of government and their interaction on the basis of constructive dialogue. The authors come to the conclusion that an objective and systematic assessment of the change in the status of local governments in the updated structure of public authority can be fully implemented only after the completion of the process of reviewing federal and regional legislation based on the content of the norms of the updated Constitution, and their further application in practice.

Война в контексте проблемы социокультурного порядка

Introduction. The philosophical reception of the foundations of the social and the principles of war act as connected processes. A historically specific type of socio-cultural being generates a unique way of philosophical articulation about the nature of the order of society and culture, war and peace. The purpose of the study is explicating the connection between the type of conceptualizing war (classical, total, new war) and understanding the principles of social order. Methods. The author uses methods of the historical and constructivist approach as the leading methodology in studying the problem of the war and the sociocultural order connection. Scientific novelty of the research. By highlighting the strategic principles of different theories of war (classical trinitarian war, the concept of total war and mobilization, the theory of “new wars”), the connection between the order of war and the fundamental foundations of society and culture at different stages of historical development is shown. Results. Consideration of the three theories of war allows us to present them as different projects for understanding the socio-cultural order of the Art Nouveau philosophy. The author highlights and analyzes the leading provisions of historically different theories of wars: “war as a continuation of politics”; “the totality of war and mobilization” as the basis of the socio-political order; “new war” as a concept of cultural turn. Conclusions. Modern studies of war are distinguished by an active appeal to understanding the connection between armed clashes and the concreteness of cultural life, which sets the context, way of thinking and actions of potential actors in military operations. The article shows that current theories and practices of war are characterized by a kind of coexistence of layers of social reality that are different in their historical depth.

The evolution of the doyra instrument

Doyra has long served the cultural needs of our people. We can learn about it from the pamphlets written by our great scholars and miniatures drawn by artists in the Renaissance and subsequent centuries. This article provides scientific information on the evolution of the doyra instrument, the stages of historical development, its application in performance practice.

ЕТНОГРАФІЧНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ФОРМУВАННЯ СИСТЕМИ АДМІНІСТРУВАННЯ ПОДАТКІВ УКРАЇНИ

Scholars and financiers-practitioners have long been researching issues related to the processes of tax administration in order to ensure the economic development of the state and at the same time not to harm the interests of the average citizen who pays them. The activity and relevance of such research raises the need to analyze the ethnographic features of tax administration in Ukraine, as some of the problems in this area have already had solutions in the past, many of which, at least to some extent, could be useful today. The purpose of this publication is to reveal the features of tax administration in Ukraine at different stages of historical development. The article examines the ethnographic features of tax administration in Ukraine. The historical stages of development of the domestic tax administration system, in particular, such as tax administration during the times of Kyiv Rus (IX–XIII centuries), during the Lithuanian-Polish period (early XIV century), in the Cossack state (1648–1654), for times of the Russian and Austro-Hungarian empires (mid-sixteenth – early twentieth century), during the Soviet Union (1917–1990) and in the independent Ukraine. The strengths and weaknesses inherent to each of these stages are highlighted. It was found that the organization of taxation processes depends on the level of development of the state. The domestic system of tax administration, in our opinion, developed under the pressure of circumstances without proper scientific justification and analysis of macro- and microeconomic consequences, without taking into account world and historical experience in the formation and development of tax systems. Many problems in the field of taxation were similar at different times. Knowing how to solve them in the past can be useful today. History has it that both overconfidence and over-suspicion of the taxpayer are detrimental to tax interests. At acceptance of any changes, both in a theory and in practice, it is advisable to explore as deeply as possible the historical aspects. Improvement of the domestic tax administration system should take into account the world and historical experience of formation and development of tax systems.

Институт кооперации: эволюция и современные перспективы

The article examines the history of the development of cooperative forms of management from the standpoint of an evolutionary approach, taking into account the economic, social and legal features of their functioning on the basis of domestic and foreign experience. The historical development of cooperation was explored using archival data, which made it possible to identify the stages of development of cooperation, the institutional environment. The authors consider the institution of cooperation from the perspective of the concept of polarized development, suggesting that clusters in the modern economy repeat the functions of cooperatives. As part of the study, the authors carried out a historical analysis of foreign and domestic experience in the development of the institution of cooperation: the historical stages of development in Russia from 1831 to the present are highlighted: the first stage, 1831-1917; the second stage, 1917-1990; the third stage, 1991 to the present. On the basis of the analysis and systematization of archival data, the authors compared the development of the cooperative movement and the scale of returns from their activities, including on the basis of a study of statistical indicators that were demonstrated by commercial and industrial cooperation. The types and functions of cooperatives in world practice are considered, their role is determined in accordance with the mission of the International Cooperative Alliance. The authors investigated the legislation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the Russian Federation in terms of defining the essence and regulation of the activities of cooperatives, which made it possible to identify the difference between the modern form of cooperatives and the historically established one. The authors conclude that entrepreneurs use the modern form of cooperatives in Russia as a tool to reduce the tax burden, and not as a tool for organizing activities, which has confirmed its effectiveness in domestic and world practice. On the basis of archival data, a sample of the subjects of the RSFSR, leading in the number of cooperatives and in the volume of products sold by cooperatives, was made, which formed the basis for mapping. In the article, based on the mapping method, a graphical representation of cooperatives and clusters is made as a modern heir to the cooperative movement (based on archival statistical data: by their number and main indicators of activity by economic regions, territories and regions), which made it possible to identify concentration points in the economic space on the modern map of Russia (Republic of Tatarstan, Chelyabinsk Oblast, Altai Krai, Moscow). Contribution of the authors: The authors contributed equally to this article. The authors declare no conflicts of interests. Contribution of the authors: the authors contributed equally to this article. The authors declare no conflicts of interests.

КОМПЛЕКС ПАЛАЦУ ПОТОЦЬКИХ В ІВАНО-ФРАНКІВСЬКУ: ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ АРХІТЕКТУРНИХ ФРАГМЕНТІВ СПОРУДИ ПРИ ПІВНІЧНОМУ МУРІ

The Potocki Palace complex has been an integral part of the Stanislawow city fortress since its reconstruction in the end of XVIth century. The functional and the spatial structure of the complex was formed over two sequential phases: the residence (1680s-1802) and the military hospital (1802-2004). The preserved buildings of the palace period have many layers of different historical development stages and require the application of the restoration methods for its identification. The paper aims to identify the architectural fragments detected on the main façade of the building at the northern wall (building K) and to make an attempt to prove the hypothesis regarding the reconstruction of the complex northern wall and installation the gate in the 1740s during the residence period (1680s - 1802). The existing planning structure was compared to the historical cartography in order to identify the building with the underground chambers below. The findings single out two main construction periods, which correspond to the complex periods of functioning. The first period is the residence of the Potocki family (1680s - 1802), when underground chambers and a portal in the castle wall for access to the terrace probably existed on the same composite axis. The second period - the military hospital (1802 - 2004), during which the building was constructed on the wall, in correspondence to the layout of the underground chambers. The results cast new light on the planning structure of the complex and the city fortress itself and reveal a valuable part of historical heritage. However these architectural fragments require further archaeological research and examination with a ground-penetrating radar. The research was carried out within the framework of the scientific research program of the municipal enterprise Space of Innovative Creativity PALACE, which was created for the scientific research, protection, preservation and revitalization of the complex.

ДІЛОВА РЕПУТАЦІЯ - ВИНИКНЕННЯ, КРИТЕРІЇ ОЦІНКИ, ПІДСТАВИ ВИВЧЕННЯ, МОЖЛИВОСТІ ТА ІНСТРУМЕНТИ ПЕРЕВІРКИ

The article is devoted to the study of historical stages of development of the concept of "business reputation". The purpose of the article was to study the historical stages of formation of the category of "business reputation" and the possibilities of its use to ensure the economic security of enterprises. The research methodology involves the use of historical methods, methods of analysis and synthesis of methods of comparison and systematization, as well as other methods to achieve this goal. The study examines the main approaches to the interpretation of the concept of "business reputation" and the main criteria that can be used for evaluation. The main Ukrainian registers that can be used to assess the goodwill collected by the subject of evaluation should be accumulated, analyzed and checked with the use of tools, the use of which does not contradict the legislation of Ukraine and international legal acts. The author's definition of the concept of "business reputation" is proposed, which is proposed to understand the subjective rational judgment (reasoning) of the state and relations of the business entity to make about him (him) communicative (managerial) decisions. In this case, the term "communicative solution" is proposed to mean the concept of possible actions on the object of interest. The main contradictions between the theoretical concept of "business reputation" and the statutory concept. The components that make up the concept of goodwill must comply with the law, and the study and evaluation must be carried out using legitimate tools. Clear implementation of the Law in the process of studying business reputation, able to introduce correlations to its definitions, components, criteria, etc. In further scientific publications, attention will be paid to the development of the real reality of business reputation, the features of the business reputation of the construction company, the relationship of economic security of the construction company with the state of its business reputation.

The state of schooling and the formation of the clergy before the proclamation of the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches

The article analyzes the state of schooling and formation of clergy before the proclamation of the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches. The work aims to clarify the main approaches and principles to the formation of the clergy and the state of schooling during the historical period preceding the proclamation of the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches. In particular, the author analyzed the main stages of priestly formation. Reforming of educational and upbringing processes of formation of priests is considered. Emphasis is placed on the peculiarities of the formation and education of priests at different stages of historical development.

Stability of the Russian Expansionist Ideology: a Global Comparative Dimension

The article analyzes the factors that led to the fall of colonial regimes in the world leading countries of the world in different historical periods and in this context clarifies the reasons for the preservation of aggressive features pertaining to the current foreign policy of the Russian Federation. The aim of the article is to identify the reasons for the stability of the Russian expansionist ideology by means of historical and comparative analyses. The dynamic development of the system of international relations at different stages of historical development has proved the inviability of large colonial empires and the incompliance of expansionist means of implementing the geopolitical course of a state to the values of a civilized world. However, the Russian Federation continues to resort to them more actively, getting successfully adapted to emerging world realities and doing harm at the same time to the national interests of a number of independent states, including Ukraine. On analyzing the processes of the fall of colonial empires in England, Spain and Portugal, France and Japan, as well as the decline of expansion provide by the United States, the research proves that the occurrence of these events was caused by objective factors of development of a number of states and their inconsistency at the same time with the tendencies of further democratic and economic development. It has as well been proved by the author that all the tendencies of economic or political modernization, which are favorable for all other countries of the world, do not agree with the guarantees of an unhindered development provided by the Russian Federation nowadays. Particular attention has been paid to the historical origins of the “Russian world (“Russkii mir”)” ideology, its relationship with the ancient Roman concept of “Pax Romana”. There are some additional arguments presented in the research that prove the artificiality of the basic postulates of state Russia’s ideology.

Sports diplomacy as a modern means of solving international problems

Problem setting.. The scientific article is devoted to the issues of considering the peculiarities of one of the types of public diplomacy - sports diplomacy both in historical retrospect and in terms of current achievements. The authors try to analyze the historical stages of development of sports diplomacy, the essence of this concept and other names of "sports diplomacy", namely "cricket diplomacy", "ping-pong diplomacy", "basketball diplomacy" and so on. This chapter states that public diplomacy is an integral part of the state's strategic communications, and its function is to establish a state-to-human dialogue, taking into account the diversity of national and global audiences, and to promote human-to-human interpersonal contacts. At the same time, one of the components of achieving the desired result in the field of international relations by peaceful means is sports diplomacy. In addition, the term sports diplomacy is actively used by many modern international organizations (International Olympic Committee (IOC), International Football Association (FIFA), International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF), Association of National Olympic Committees (ANOC), etc.) to establish relations. Analysis of recent researches and publications. This topic occupied an important place in the works of such scientists as N. Litvinenko, V. Shchetkina, S. Martynenko, S. Kulik, Yu. Filippova, I. Gridina, N. Bogolyubova, S. Murey, Yu. Nikolaeva, G. Malone, I. Kant, V. Telipko, A. Ovcharenko, D. Feldman, H. Dzhantayev. Target of research. The scientific article states the following purpose: 1) coverage of the history of the formation and essence of sports diplomacy; 2) definition of the main forms of sports diplomacy, their advantages and practical application; 3) highlighting the shortcomings of sports diplomacy and prospects for their solution and improvement of this type of diplomatic activity. Article`s main body. The article reveals the forms of this diplomacy in the following important aspects: diplomacy of sports competitions; diplomacy of sports organizations; sport as a means to achieve foreign policy goals. Also, the negative side of sports diplomacy is reflected, such as its shortcomings such as fierce competition, neglect of friendly relations between countries, commercialization of this area and so on. The authors propose measures to improve the current situation and improve this type of diplomacy. Conclusions and prospects for the development. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of solving acute problems that exist in sports diplomacy for the further development of international communication between the countries.

Research of Ancient Ukrainian Sculpture in the Works of Kyiv Circles of the Early XX Century

Purpose of research. The need for a thorough scientific and theoretical consideration and generalization of the formation of systematic knowledge about the national forms of our art at the leading stages of historical development, is gaining relevance in modern domestic science of art. Among other things, it requires the study of the achievements of scientists in the study of national creative heritage in the field of sculpture of Kievan Rus and the Cossack times during the formation of scientific art history. The article is devoted to the process of formation of the concept of evolution of forms of sculpture of the old princely years and the Cossack era in the works of specialists of the early twentieth century.
 The research methodology is based on a comprehensive historical and cultural approach, a systematic method, synchronous analysis of publications of one time period, structural analysis. This methodology allows us to consider the gradual formation of scientific views on the characteristic national differences and the direction of evolution of Ukrainian art of this period in the broader international context of artistic development.
 The scientific novelty of the results is to determine the process of formation of objective ideas about the formal and semantic features, distinctive features and high artistic level of monuments of Ukrainian sculpture from ancient times to the end of the Cossack era based on analysis of publications of various trends of leading experts of the late XIX – XX centuries .: D. Ainalova, E. Redina, E. Kuzmina, F. Ernst, M. Makarenko, K. Shirotsky, S. Yaremich, V. Modzalevsky, F. Schmidt, devoted to the study of this branch of ancient Ukrainian art and in the context of the characteristics of the general development of fine arts, and as an independent subject of research. Conclusions. Ukrainian science of art of the early twentieth century. has achieved undeniable success in the study of national forms of domestic sculpture of ancient Slavic times, Kievan Rus and the seventeenth – eighteenth centuries. as the period of the highest prosperity. The considered material testifies to the high professional level of formation of the substantiated scientific concept of national self-sufficiency of ancient Ukrainian sculpture as an important component of the general art process at various stages of its development.

Evolution of Lyrical Image in Ballets of Azerbaijani Composers

This article is devoted to the study of the evolution of the lyrical image in the ballets of Azerbaijani composers. The presented article emphasizes that the Azerbaijani ballet on the extension of the history of the Azerbaijani school of composition functioned indefinitely as an important component of the Azerbaijani musical culture. The theme of this article is actualized in the aspect of the historical approach, as each ballet of Azerbaijani composers, on the other hand, reflected the significant features of the artistic, historical and cultural context. On the other hand, the study of the evolution of the lyrical image in the Azerbaijani ballets reflects the dynamics of the development of the Azerbaijani school of composition. Moreover, the figurative system in Azerbaijani ballets represents the slender line of artistic connections of Azerbaijani culture. The purpose of the research is to study the role of the lyrical image in the evolution of the Azerbaijani ballet. The research methodology is based is based on the use of a historical approach to determine the basic definitions of the study. The expediency of the historical method is due to the fact that the development in the space of historical time should be based on certain basic categories that would reflect the school of composition, its national specifics. The scientific novelty of the research is that for the first time the peculiarities of the evolution of the lyrical image in Azerbaijani ballets – from its origin to modern functioning – are analyzed; the nuances of style creation in the Azerbaijani school of composers in the specified aspect are considered, and also certain art processes are systematized. Conclusions. It is proved that the combination of deep lyricism with dramatic emotions is characteristic of the transfer of lyricism in the drama of ballets at all historical stages of development, in different stylistic contexts. Lyrical images in the ballets of Azerbaijani composers have similar features and are due to the specific content of the national worldview.

ECOLOGIZED CITY VS ECOCITY: SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES

Formulation of the problem. The concept and practice of eco-cities as a phenomenon of integrated advanced technology, green structures, ecological and cultural diversity have gained global significance and become increasingly mainstream in policy-making. Some countries are aiming to elevate their aspiration towards creating an ecological society to constitutional rank. Ukraine cannot stay away from this trend. However, semantic interpretations of the essence of an ecological and ecologized city differ from country to country. At present, neither in Ukraine nor in the world in general, there has been formed a clear vision of the “ecologized city” and “eco-city” as phenomena based on fundamentally different, even diametrically opposite paradigms of urban planning if they are considered from the perspective of structural interaction with natural ecosystems. The purpose of the article is to reveal the similarities and differences between the concepts of “ecologized city” and “eco-city (ecopolis)” at the current stage of historical development. Conclusion. According to the outcomes of UN summits on this issue, as well as other international documents, regional and national programs for sustainable development of territories should be implemented everywhere, including Ukraine. Therefore, the theory of ecologizing the existing cities and developing new eco-cities as physical spaces of the life of society with an ecological worldview and thinking, as a result of the interaction matrix of cyclically (reversibly) and evolutionary (irreversibly) transforming ecological villages, becomes relevant. This predetermines the need to create a thesaurus with the semantic content of each term, concept and definition to be interpreted unambiguously and precisely so that they are understood by everyone in the same way, forming the correct lexical corporate communication in the scientific and design sphere of eco-city planning.