Highest Safety Research Articles

Isolation, pathogenicity, and safety evaluation of a pathogen from buffalobur (Solanum rostratum) in China

AbstractBuffalobur (Solanum rostratum Dunal) is an invasive weed in China, and identifying its pathogens is crucial for developing effective biological control measures. In this study, leaf samples from S. rostratum showing typical disease symptoms were collected in Liaoning and Jilin provinces, China. The isolated fungal pathogens were identified based on their morphological characteristics and by using molecular biology techniques. Pathogenicity was assessed by artificially inoculating spore suspensions from the fungal pathogen onto the seeds, isolated leaves, and plants of S. rostratum. The safety of the fungal pathogens for eight other plant species was also evaluated. We then identified the following five fungal pathogens causing disease in S. rostratum in Liaoning and Jilin provinces: Alternaria alternata, Epicoccum sorghinum, Fusarium equiseti, Curvularia hawaiiensis, and Nigrospora oryzae. These fungal pathogens exhibited pathogenicity, with N. oryzae exhibiting the strongest pathogenicity and highest safety. Nigrospora oryzae demonstrated the highest inhibition rate against the radicle germination length of S. rostratum and showed robust pathogenicity toward both isolated leaves and plants. Notably, despite inducing mild reactions in corn (Zea mays L.), grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], rice (Oryza sativa L)., and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), N. oryzae did not have any detrimental effect on the growth of these plants.

The correlation between chemical ingredients and acute toxicity of Psoraleae Fructus and two classic prescriptions

Objective: To compare the acute toxicity and chemical ingredients of Psoraleae Fructus (PF) with those of two classic prescriptions, Ershen Wan (ESW) and Sishen Wan (SSW). Methods: Based on classical toxicological methods, body weight, food and water consumption, lethal conditions, and toxic reactions were recorded after administering single oral doses of PF, ESW, and SSW. The 50% lethal dose (LD50) values of PF and ESW and the maximum tolerance dose (MTD) of SSW were determined. In addition, PF, ESW, and SSW constituents were detected using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS), and the spectrum-toxicity correlation was analyzed. Results: The LD50 of PF and ESW were 53.9 g/kg/day (46.2–63.0 g/kg/day, 95% confidence limit [CL]) and 68.3 g/kg/day (59.0–78.9 g/kg/day, 95% CL), which were respectively about 40 and 50 times the human daily dosage. The MTD of SSW was 41.0 g/kg/day, indicating the highest safety. What can be inferred from the chemical ingredients and toxicity correlation analyses is that compatibility reduced the contents of 13 potential hepatotoxin compounds in PF. Conclusions: The classic compatibility of ESW and SSW effectively attenuated the hepatotoxicity of PF, which was related to the reduced content of potentially toxic substances, particularly coumarins. This study explored the principles of attenuating the toxicity of classic prescriptions to provide a reference for the rational clinical use of PF.

Comparing the Efficiency of Single versus Dual Ultrasonic Devices for Metallic Post Removal in Endodontic Retreatment: A Clinical Study.

Ultrasonic vibration for metallic post removal seems to be a unanimous choice between endodontists and general practitioners for providing the best results and having the highest safety. This study compared the time required by ultrasonic vibration for removing metallic post (MP) when 1 or 2 ultrasonics devices are used. One hundred and fifteen teeth with MPs from 105 patients, indicated for nonsurgical endodontic retreatment were divided into 2 groups according to the number of ultrasonic devices used (G1-1 device) and (G2-2 devices). In G1, the MP was worn with a transmetal bur, alongside the wear of the cement line (around 2 mm deep). Then, an ultrasonic tip attached to an ultrasonic unit, with a power of 100% was activated at the level of the post, with constant water spray at a level of 1 mm above the axial surface of the tooth. The position of the tip was changed between buccal and lingual surfaces every 10 seconds until the MP was removed. In G2 the same procedures were performed as described in G1, but two ultrasonic tips were activated simultaneously at buccal and lingual surfaces until the MP was removed. The vibration time necessary for removing each MP was recorded using a chronometer. The mean time was 131.10±29.68 seconds (mean±standard error of the mean) for MP removal using one ultrasonic device, and 24.86±6.88 seconds for two devices. The time required for MP removal using two ultrasonic devices was significantly less than when using one ultrasonic device (P<0.001). The technique with 2 ultrasonic devices proved to be more efficient than the one using only 1 ultrasonic device.

The modern Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) plant of today for a sustainable tomorrow

AbstractAAC, already produced since the 1920's, has been subject to continuous innovation and evolution over the history of its product life. The same applies to the AAC production process. Recently, the need for innovation has become more apparent than ever, driven by a serious energy crisis in Europe, combined with an increasing shortage of available labor and an increasing awareness of workers safety. Since the 70's, Aircrete Europe founding roots were highly involved in driving innovation in the AAC industry, with an emphasis on AAC panels. In every project designed by Aircrete top‐class innovation and the highest level of sustainability are always a top priority and are considered already from the very early design phase. As a result of this, Aircrete factories can be operated with the highest level of automation and energy‐saving initiatives to ensure higher operator safety, larger operating efficiency, and a minimized carbon footprint. This paper outlines how decades of experience from being involved in its own AAC operations result in how Aircrete can design a factory that is not only able to meet today's highest safety, regulatory, and environmental standards but is also future‐proof for the anticipated global trends in the industrial manufacturing and construction markets.

HybridCISave : A Combined Build and Test Selection Approach in Continuous Integration

Continuous Integration (CI) is a popular practice in modern software engineering. Unfortunately, it is also a high-cost practice—Google and Mozilla estimate their CI systems in millions of dollars. To reduce the computational cost in CI, researchers developed approaches to selectively execute builds or tests that are likely to fail (and skip those likely to pass). In this article, we present a novel hybrid technique ( HybridCISave ) to improve on the limitations of existing techniques: to provide higher cost savings and higher safety. To provide higher cost savings, HybridCISave combines techniques to predict and skip executions of both full builds that are predicted to pass and partial ones (only the tests in them predicted to pass). To provide higher safety, HybridCISave combines the predictions of multiple techniques to obtain stronger certainty before it decides to skip a build or test. We evaluated HybridCISave by comparing its effectiveness with the existing build selection techniques over 100 projects and found that it provided higher cost savings at the highest safety. We also evaluated each design decision in HybridCISave and found that skipping both full and partial builds increased its cost savings and that combining multiple test selection techniques made it safer.

Comprehensive Analysis and Experiment of Extreme Faults in MMC Based on IGCT

High voltage direct current voltage source converter (HVDC-VSC) technology is one of most important solutions for transmission of large-scale renewable sources. Modular multilevel converter (MMC) is one of the most popular topologies for HVDC-VSC system. The extreme faults affect the safety and reliability of MMC greatly. This paper gives comprehensive analysis and experiment of extreme faults in MMC based on integrated gate commutated thyristor (IGCT). Causes and characterization of the extreme faults are analyzed in detail. A new protection solution based on IGCT with controlled punch-through design (CP-IGCT) and fast recovery diode with high surge current capability (HS-FRD) is proposed. The surge current capability of HS-FRD is validated via experiment successfully. Theoretical calculation shows that the protection solution based on CP-IGCT and HS-FRD can help reduce the maximum fault current below 50% when the anode inductor is 0.8 μH in the extreme shoot-through fault. Test results show that the protection solution can realize the discharge of the DC capacitor below 4.5 kV in the extreme shoot-through fault. The maximum fault current in MMC based on IGCT is only about 600 kA while the maximum fault current in MMC based on insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) is over 1100 kA. Explosion proof of CP-IGCT is validated during the tests, which is similar to that of the protection thyristor. However, IGBT can't guarantee the stability of the package and may cause severe safety problem. The failed CP-IGCT has the short circuit failure mode (SCFM) and can be used for bypass of the faulty MMC sub-module (MMC-SM). Via comparison, the proposed protection solution has lowest cost and complexity, as well as the highest safety.

Safety, Efficacy, and Immunogenicity of Varying Types of COVID-19 Vaccines in Children Younger Than 18 Years: An Update of Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Vaccination is one of the most effective measures for children as the epidemic progresses. However, there is a significant research gap in the meta-analysis of the COVID-19 vaccines for children younger than 18 years. This study is a comprehensive review of different COVID-19 vaccines. Published articles were retrieved from PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. Twelve randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of COVID-19 vaccines were included in the review until 21 October 2022. Most local and systemic adverse reactions were predominantly mild to moderate in severity and disappeared quickly after different types of vaccines. The subunit vaccine had the highest safety. The significant risk was lower in the subunit vaccine group after the initial (RR 1.66, 95% CI 1.26-2.17, p = 0.0003) and booster vaccination (RR 1.40, 95% CI 1.02-1.92, p = 0.04). Younger children had a more outstanding safety profile in the mRNA and inactivated vaccine groups. The humoral immune response was proportional to the number of doses in the inactivated and the adenovirus vaccine groups, and the strength of immunogenicity was negatively correlated with age in the inactivated vaccine. The mRNA and the subunit vaccines provided satisfactory prevention against COVID-19, especially seven days after the booster dose. However, more research and longer-term follow-up are needed to assess the duration of immune responses, efficacy, and safety.

Assessment Of Reported Covid-19 Cases Across European Leisure Centres And Fitness Clubs

The spread of SARS-CoV-2 resulted in a global health pandemic with extreme mobility restrictions and confinement. In these circumstances, EuropeActive developed a practical guide on safety and protective measures to guarantee that fitness centres had the highest safety possible, as European governments allowed them to reopen. PURPOSE: This study aimed to analyze the number of reported COVID-19 cases in members and staff in leisure centres and fitness clubs throughout Europe, considering several variables potentially influencing the transmission risk as they reopened from their COVID-19 shutdowns. METHODS: Total number of visits and number of reported COVID-19 cases in members and staff were collected in a sample of European leisure centres and fitness clubs (n = 4,360; 6.8% of all operators in Europe) during the first six months after reopening (weeks 19 to 43 of 2020). Chi-squared test was implemented to analyze several variables potentially influencing the transmission risk, such as the facility size (total squared meters), compliance with EuropeActive's practical guide (i.e., <75% vs >75% of the measures), and operator's profile (i.e., large vs small operators). RESULTS: A total of 115,384,737 member visits were obtained, with 1,092 positive COVID-19 cases reported in members and 196 in staff, resulting in 1.12 positive cases per 100,000 visits. There was an association between the number of positive cases and the size of the facility (p < 0.001), with a progressive reduction in cases as the facility size increased up to 1,000-2,000 m2, yet a progressive increase in cases was observed for facilities 1,000-2,000 m2 to >5,000 m2. There was also an association between the cases and the percentage compliance with safety and protective measures showing fewer cases with more compliance of measures (p < 0.001) and with the operator's profile, with fewer positive cases reported in large operators (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Leisure centres and fitness clubs reported a low and maintained incidence of positive cases of COVID-19 despite Europe experiencing a second and third wave with a progressive increase of COVID-19 in the general population. Leisure centres and fitness clubs with a size of 1,000-2,000 m2, complying with >75% of the EuropeActive safety measures, and of large operators showed less incidence of reported cases.

Clinical Observation of Laser Peripheral Iridoplasty with Number of Laser Shots in the Treatment of Acute Angle-Closure Glaucoma.

Objective To quantitatively study the intraocular pressure (IOP) control and chamber angle opening degree of patients with acute angle-closure glaucoma (stage of attack) treated by laser peripheral iridoplasty (LPIP) with different numbers of laser shots, and to evaluate the efficacy and safety of different numbers of laser shots. Methods Fifty-five patients (60 eyes) with acute angle-closure glaucoma treated in our hospital from May 2019 to December 2020 were selected as the research subjects. All patients had poor intraocular pressure control (≥40 mmHg) after IOP-lowering drug therapy. The patients were randomly divided into three groups, 20 eyes in each group, and underwent laser peripheral iridoplasty (LPIP) with different numbers of laser shots (group I: 35 laser shots, group II: 45 laser shots, and group III: 60 laser shots). The best-corrected visual acuity, IOP, corneal condition, and opening degree of anterior chamber angle (ACA), namely, the trabecular-iris angle (TIA), angle opening distance at 500 μm (AOD500), and complications of patients before LPIP, 2 hours after LPIP, and 24 hours after LPIP were observed, and the opening degree of ACA were quantitatively measured. Results The corrected visual acuity of the three groups after LPIP was improved to varying degrees, and the IOP decreased, TIA and AOD500 were increased compared with those before operation, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). There were statistically significant differences between group II and group I (P < 0.05). Four eyes in group I underwent LPIP again due to increased IOP. In group III, iris hemorrhage occurred in one eye and iris depigmentation occurred in one eye, and there was no statistical difference compared with group II (P > 0.05). Conclusions LPIP can effectively reduce preoperative IOP and increase ACA width in patients with persistent high IOP that failed to respond to drug therapy, and moderate numbers of laser shots can achieve satisfactory results and highest safety.

Investigation of manufacturing defects and cGMP lessons learnt from quality issues in Pharmaceutical Sterile Preparations

Any medicinal product introduced in the market ought to have the highest safety, quality, purity and efficacy as it is received by an ailing patient. Parenteral products are sterile pharmaceutical preparations that are injected, infused or implanted in the body. These products must maintain their quality and sterility as they are introduced directly into the bloodstream. Negligence associated with parenteral preparations can lead to severe or fatal adverse events. Although each country has its own regulatory body to keep a check on medication errors, defects keep occurring in pharmaceutical products. It should be the top priority of pharmaceutical companies to avoid these defects and related issues. This study focuses on three such real life defective parenteral products obtained from the hospital pharmacy. The probable root cause, remediation and clinical significance of the noted defect is also mentioned. These case studies can help pharmaceutical manufacturers minimize defects, quality issues to avoid product recalls and to achieve better therapeutic compliance.

Базові основи та принципи керованої інфузійної терапії у хворих із невідкладною хірургічною патологією органів черевної порожнини

За останні п’ятнадцять років кількість ургентних лапаратомій становила 36–58 % з летальністю 30–80 %. Однією з головних причин такої високої смертності є гіповолемія, що формує гемодинамічні порушення, тканинну гіпоксію і розвиток поліорганної недостатності. Основним методом її лікування є поповнен­ня дефіциту об’єму циркулюючої крові. Препаратами вибору вважаються кристалоїди. Прогнозування ефектів кристалоїдних розчинів легко провести за допомогою фізико-хімічної моделі кислотно-лужної рівноваги Стюарта. Згідно теорії, характеристиками збалансованого кристалоїдного розчину є: SIDinf = 24 мEqL–1; відповідність вмісту електролітів до їх концентрації в плазмі; наявність у складі органічних іонів, що запобігають підвищенню концентрації Cl– в інфузійному розчині і є донаторами резервної лужності. Виходячи з цього ми виділяємо серед кристалоїдних розчинів незбалансовані (0,9% розчин NaCl); частково збалансовані (розчини Рінгера лактат і Хартмана); повністю збалансовані розчини (плазмаліт, плазмаліт А, стерофундін, стерофундін ISO). Використання незбалансованих розчинів небезпечно у зв’язку з розвитком гіперхлоремічного ацидозу. Використання частково збалансованих кристалоїдних розчинів може формувати або посилювати лактатацидоз в умовах тканинної гіпоксії і/або дисфункції печінки. Інфузія збалансованих розчинів дозволяє швидко коригувати метаболічний ацидоз.

A2L low GWP HFO based refrigerant solutions in heat pump applications to drive energy efficiency, safety, and sustainability even in building restoration

Driven by energy efficiency requirements and legal restrictions like F-Gas Regulation Heat Pump OEM supplier are looking for alternative refrigerant solutions. HFO based low GWP refrigerants can help increasing the system efficiency, expanding the operating temperature range while reducing CO2 emissions. For building restoration in particular, high flow temperatures (for existing hydronic heating system) are essential for convenient and cost-and energy-efficient replacements of fossil fuel boilers. A2L classified refrigerants provide extended application range at highest safety level versus A3 classified refrigerants, but R-32 still carries a Global Warming Potential (GWP) of 675 making it a transitional solution. This paper compares different relevant parameters and points out the advantages provided by HFO A2L low GWP refrigerants (like R-454B and R-454C) for a wide capacity range of air to water and brine to water heat pumps. A special focus is put on the application of building restoration.

MODELS FOR DESCRIBING THE VARIATION OF MOISTURE IN WHEAT GRAINS DEPENDING ON MINERAL AND FOLIAR FERTILIZATION

The study evaluated the moisture content of wheat grains in relation to mineral nitrogen fertilization and foliar fertilization. The biological material was represented by the Alex wheat cultivar. By mineral fertilization, five nitrogen levels were ensured, in the range 0 - 200 kg a.s. ha-1 (a.s. - active substance). Super Fifty (SF) biofertilizer was applied foliar in six concentrations, ranging from 0 to 5 l ha-1. The combination of the two fertilizing resources resulted in 30 experimental variants, in three repetitions. The moisture content (M, %) of the wheat grains was evaluated, in relation to the applied fertilization. Regression analysis was used to estimate the humidity (M,%) in relation to SF on each nitrogen (N) level. Grains moisture estimation (M, %) was possible in conditions of R2 = 0.681, p = 0.043 on the level of nitrogen N0, and in conditions of R2 = 0.999, p &lt;0.001 on the other levels of nitrogen fertilization (N50 - N200). According to the calculated prediction error (PE) and the RMSEP statistical parameter, the highest safety in estimating grain moisture relative to SF was at the N150 level, where PE = -0.14, and RMSEP = 0.049163. The variation of moisture (M, %) in relation to N and SF, evaluated on the data set as a whole, was described by an equation of type M (%) = ax2 + by2 + cx + dy + exy, in statistical safety conditions, R2 = 0.917, p &lt;0.001. A graphical distribution was obtained, in the form of a 3D model and in the form of isoquants of the moisture M (%) variation in relation to N (x-axis) and SF (yaxis). Based on PCA, PC1 explained 42.523% of variance, and PC2 explained 32.781% of variance in relation to N doses, respectively PC1 explained 63.936% of variance, and PC2 explained 23.776% of variance in relation to SF.

COMPARES mRNA AND ADENOVIRUS-BASED SARS-CoV-2 VACCINES

This review is aimed at looking at the Covid-19 vaccine, formula and comparison of mRNA (Moderna and Pfizer) and adenovirus vector (AstraZeneca) vaccines that have been circulating in terms of administration, effectiveness, safety, side effects, contraindications, and in terms of price. This review was conducted by taking some literature from a database that focuses on the Covid vaccine, the development of the Covid vaccine, the Moderna vaccine, the Pfizer vaccine, and the AstraZeneca vaccine. Three vaccines, 2 were mRNA-based vaccines (Moderna and Pfizer) and 1, namely AstraZeneca, was based on adenovirus vectors. The results obtained are from international journals with the keyword comparison of mRNA vaccine and adenovirus vector, then the results show that the comparison can be seen through the method carried out. Some vaccines have their own advantages and disadvantages. When viewed from several aspects, such as administration which has different doses. Then seen from the effectiveness of the three vaccines have a sufficient value because they are above 80%. For safety, it has passed clinical trials in humans, but there are still shortcomings in each vaccine of course. Vaccines derived from mRNA (Moderna) are the most expensive vaccines because of the highest safety.

Defects and Safety of NiTi Root Canal Instruments: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Aim: To review the reported defect and fracture rates of various NiTi instrumentation systems and identify factors that may influence the chance of NiTi file separation clinically.Data Sources: PubMed, EMBASE, and SCOPUS with controlled vocabulary and keywords in various combinations to identify articles that reported on the defects and/or fracture of NiTi instrument used clinically (Jan 1980 till Aug 2021), with additional search manually by going through the list of references of the initially screened articles. Those satisfying the inclusion and exclusion criteria were entered into the analysis.Study Eligibility Criteria, Participants, and Interventions: All studies from the said databases reporting on NiTi root canal instruments that were deformed or separated during normal clinical use.Study Appraisal and Synthesis Methods: Studies with data available and suitable for meta-analysis were grouped according to the general design of the NiTi instruments for comparison. Safety quotient value was calculated based on the rate of instrument distortion and fracture.Results: Various instrument designs exhibited different incidences of distortion and fracture, hence a different “safety quotient” (ratio of the amount of deformed instruments to that of fractures in use). Heat-treated files showed the highest safety quotient value. All brands of NiTi file demonstrated a statistically significantly lower incidence of fracture, if treated as disposable instruments after clinical use in a patient.Limitations: Inclusion of articles written in English only, and grouping of file systems into general design types in the analysis.Conclusions and Implications of Key Findings: NiTi endodontic files should be scrutinized for defects before being used in the root canal. Disposing the NiTi instruments after clinical use in a patient (so-called “single use”) is recommended for minimizing fracture clinically. Certain instrument designs tend to show discernible deformation before they should fracture in the next use.

Two-Step Transepithelial Photorefractive Keratectomy with WaveLight EX500 Platform for Adolescents and Adults with Low to Moderate Myopia: A 12-Month Comparative Evaluation.

PurposeTo compare the visual and refractive results obtained after two-step TransPRK using an EX500 excimer laser for low to moderate myopic correction in adolescents and adults.Patients and MethodsRetrospectively, 91 eyes of 52 patients were categorized into four groups based on age and level of myopia. The demographics, data of efficacy, safety, predictability, stability, and post-operative complications were evaluated at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months post-operatively.ResultsAt 1-month, adolescents with low myopia achieved the highest mean efficacy index (P =0.034). The efficacy indices continuously increased during the 1-year follow-up in all groups, except in adolescents with moderate myopia. The highest safety and efficacy indices were recorded in adolescents with low myopia at 1-year. Post-operative spherical equivalent within ±0.50 D at 1 year was 48.75% of all treated eyes; however, the final mean refractive spherical equivalent (MRSE) was under-corrected in all groups. By month 3, the percentage of eyes that had grade 0.5 haze was most prevalent in adolescents with moderate myopia (P <0.001).Conclusiontwo-step TransPRK using an EX500 proved to be an effective, predictable, stable and safe procedure for the correction of low to moderate myopia with or without astigmatism at 1 year. Adolescents with low myopia achieved the best-post-operative UDVA, efficacy and safety indices. Adolescents tolerated night visual problems and dry eye symptoms better than adults.

Leaching and VOC Emission Tests of Polymer Composites Produced from Post-Consumer Waste in Terms of Application in the Construction Sector.

One of the existing priorities of the European Union is to search for rational waste management and to keep such waste in the economic cycle, while meeting the highest safety requirements. The paper presents the results of environmental tests of composites based on the polyethylene (rPE) and polypropylene (rPP) matrix and reinforced with cellulose fibres (newsprint, NP). Raw materials were obtained by recycling post-consumer waste such as beverage bottles and newsprint. The composites were tested for their potential use as materials in cladding panels and acoustic barriers. Given that normative documents for these products do not define specific environmental requirements, the composites were tested for the release of dangerous substances, such as anions of inorganic compounds, heavy metals, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and their impact on the environment. A detailed in-depth analysis of the mechanisms of release of substances (diffusion, dissolution, surface leaching and depletion) from the rPP/NP composite into surface water, groundwater and soil was carried out. In turn, emission of VOCs from the rPE (low-density:high-density (LD:HD)—50:50) and rPE (LD:HD—30:70) composites into indoor air was also carried out. Raw materials in the form of granulates and loose cellulose fibres, used to produce the composites, were also tested for their environmental impact.

ЕСТЕСТВЕННАЯ РЕЗИСТЕНТНОСТЬ И РАЗВИТИЕ ЦЫПЛЯТ РЕМОНТНОГО МОЛОДНЯКА ЯИЧНОГО НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ

Blood and lymph make up the circulatory link of the bird's immune system. It is necessary to note the humoral factor of immune protection-lysozyme. The purpose of scientific research is to study the level of natural resistance and development of egg-type chickens after aerosol application of the disinfectant Argodez. Research and production experiments were conducted in the conditions of the poultry farm "snow", Bryansk region, p. Voucher. Aerosol disinfection was performed in the poultry house before settling in with day-old chickens. Test shop were treated once Arcadetm of 0.01%, the rate of 2 ml/m3, and control Desalina - f - 5 ml/m3., with the generator cold fog IGEBA -UNIPRO-5. At the age of 24 hours, two groups of egg - type chickens, the Lohmann-brown cross, were formed using the method of analogous groups. Blood was taken from the underwing vein and by decapitation, before feeding, at the daily, 30-day, 60-day age. Bactericidal, lysozyme, and phagocytic activity of blood serum was determined according to generally accepted methods. Control weighing of chickens of both groups was performed on days 30 and 60 of the study. A significant increase in phagocytic activity of blood neutrophils was found in the experimental group of chickens on the 30th-21.40 % and 60th day of research-25.40 %, as well as a tendency to increase the bactericidal activity of blood serum by 1.90 % and 7.90 % and the lysozyme activity of blood serum by 8.46 % and 9.17 %. It was also found to increase safety by age periods. The highest safety was observed at the age of 1-30 days and was 99.50 %, then 30-60 – 99.10 %.

The Vision Zero concept is the basis of innovative technologies on the way to the highest safety in industry

In the Russian Federation, hundreds of thousands of people carry out activities in the field of oil and gas production. Ensuring their health and safety is the main concern of employers, regulators, trade associations, industry groups and local communities. Work in this industry includes physical labor, round-the-clock operations, heavy machinery, hazardous chemicals, often remote locations and weather conditions. All these factors increase the risk of physical harm and determine the need for special protective measures.

Development of Driving Simulation Scenarios Based on Building Information Modeling (BIM) for Road Safety Analysis

The analysis of road safety is critical in road design. Complying to guidelines is not enough to ensure the highest safety levels, so many of them encourage designers to virtually recreate and test their roads, benefitting from the evolution of driving simulators in recent years. However, an accurate recreation of the road and its environment represents a real bottleneck in the process. A very important limitation lies in the diversity of input data, from different sources and requiring specific adaptations for every single simulator. This paper aims at showing a framework for recreating faster virtual scenarios by using an Industry Foundation Classes (IFC)-based file. This methodology was compared to two other conventional methods for developing driving scenarios. The main outcome of this study has demonstrated that with a data exchange file in IFC format, virtual scenarios can be faster designed to carry out safety audits with driving simulators. As a result, the editing, programming, and processing times were substantially reduced using the proposed IFC exchange file format through a BIM (Building Information Modeling) model. This methodology facilitates cost-savings, execution, and optimization resources in road safety analysis.