Abstract
Driven by energy efficiency requirements and legal restrictions like F-Gas Regulation Heat Pump OEM supplier are looking for alternative refrigerant solutions. HFO based low GWP refrigerants can help increasing the system efficiency, expanding the operating temperature range while reducing CO2 emissions. For building restoration in particular, high flow temperatures (for existing hydronic heating system) are essential for convenient and cost-and energy-efficient replacements of fossil fuel boilers. A2L classified refrigerants provide extended application range at highest safety level versus A3 classified refrigerants, but R-32 still carries a Global Warming Potential (GWP) of 675 making it a transitional solution. This paper compares different relevant parameters and points out the advantages provided by HFO A2L low GWP refrigerants (like R-454B and R-454C) for a wide capacity range of air to water and brine to water heat pumps. A special focus is put on the application of building restoration.
Highlights
As part of the European Green Deal, the European Commission proposed in September 2020 to raise the 2030 greenhouse gas emission reduction target, including emissions and removals, to at least 55 % compared to 1990
While the F-gas Regulation (Regulation (EU) No 517/2014) and the Kigali amendment to the Montreal Protocol drive the adoption of new refrigerants from the Heat Pump manufacturers with the objective of reducing their Global Warming Potential, the energy efficiency still plays the major role in the selection of refrigerants and Heat Pumps system design
Building’s renovation requires an extended operating temperature range compared to new buildings. This is due to the existing hydronic system consisting of heating radiators requiring higher water flow temperature to provide the heating capacity needs
Summary
As part of the European Green Deal, the European Commission proposed in September 2020 to raise the 2030 greenhouse gas emission reduction target, including emissions and removals, to at least 55 % compared to 1990. Photovoltaic solar panels on the roofs, thermal storage and heat pumps” in: Communication from the Commission to the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, A Renovation Wave for Europe - greening our buildings, creating jobs, improving lives, COM(2020) 662 final, Brussels, 14.10.2020 [4] Thomas Nowak (EHPA): “100 % Renewable Energy with Heat Pumps is feasible today.” in: Heat Pumps; Integrating technologies to decarbonize heating and cooling, European Copper Institute, Autumn 2018 [12]. When it comes to Heat Pumps, the refrigerant choice has an impact on energy consumption. While the F-gas Regulation (Regulation (EU) No 517/2014) and the Kigali amendment to the Montreal Protocol drive the adoption of new refrigerants from the Heat Pump manufacturers with the objective of reducing their Global Warming Potential, the energy efficiency still plays the major role in the selection of refrigerants and Heat Pumps system design
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