High-pressure Chamber Research Articles

Theoretical and experimental studies on the interior ballistic of large UAV ejection based on trifluoromethane phase transition

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have demonstrated immense value in the military sector. This research proposes the use of Trifluoromethane as a novel cold ejection medium. Trifluoromethane, being easily compressible, exhibiting high safety and low infrared characteristics, is well-suited for small-volume high-pressure chambers. The feasibility of Trifluoromethane for UAV ejection has been confirmed through experiment. Furthermore, a thermodynamic numerical model has been established for the ejection medium to investigate the effects of key parameters on ballistic performance. The study’s findings demonstrate that as the volume of the high-pressure chamber increases, the ejection velocity of the UAV is enhanced, but the improvement slows down. Meeting the ejection velocity specifications for the UAV, reducing the volume of the high-pressure chamber can lower the peak pressure within the low-pressure chamber. An increase in the release pressure of the high-pressure chamber can enhance the ejection velocity, but the improvement slows down. Lowering this pressure can effectively reduce the UAV’s acceleration. There is a maximum valve diameter beyond which the ejection velocity remains constant, however, the peak acceleration can still increase. Enlarging the volume of the low-pressure chamber can effectively reduce the UAV’s peak acceleration. This study provides a safe and efficient technical solution for the cold ejection of large UAVs.

Life test and inner bore damage analysis of high chamber pressure gun barrel

Abstract This paper is devoted to research the inner bore damage laws of high chamber pressure tank gun barrel, A larger caliber tank gun barrel is chosen as study object and a full life test is conducted for this barrel, three life-related parameters(muzzle velocity, chamber pressure and inner bore size) are measured during the test. The life of this gun barrel is judged to end according to the high chamber pressure gun barrel life criteria after 658 fired rounds. Life-related parameters variation analysis and initial erosion condition inspection of this test gun barrel are conducted after the test, and several high chamber pressure gun barrel damage laws are obtained. The damage laws have guiding significance for damage mechanism research and life enhancement technology study of high chamber pressure gun barrel.

Abstract 4143915: A Case of Double Chambered Right Ventricle Associated with Ventricular Septal Defect- an Overlooked Congenital Heart Disease

Case description: A 68-year-old man with history of prostate cancer, anal and scrotal squamous cell carcinoma presented to the cardiology clinic with dyspnea on exertion with exercise tolerance limited to 2 flights of stairs. Physical examination showed grade 3/6 holosystolic murmur best heard at the left lower sternal edge. A transthoracic echocardiograph (TTE) revealed an ejection fraction of 65%, prominent muscle bound right ventricular outflow tract obstruction (RVOT) consistent with double chambered right ventricle (DCRV), and a Windsock deformity of the membranous interventricular septum through which there was a VSD with left to right shunting. The maximal pressure gradient across the VSD was approximately 116mmHg. The pulmonary artery systolic pressure was 61mmHg; consistent with severe pulmonary artery hypertension. Discussion: DCRV is a rare condition accounting for 0.5 to 2% of congenital heart diseases. It is characterized by abnormal muscle bands that divide the right ventricle into two chambers; a proximal high-pressure and distal low-pressure chamber, leading to progressive right ventricular outflow tract obstruction (RVOT). This condition rarely occurs in isolation and is often ventricular septal defect (VSD), which is seen in up to 90% of DCRV cases. DCRV may go undiagnosed until adulthood. As the degree of RVOT increases, patients present with shortness of breath and decreased exercise tolerance. TTE is an invaluable tool for diagnosing and determining the severity of obstruction through pulsed and continuous wave doppler to measure the gradient across the hypertrophied muscle bundles. Current guidelines recommend surgery in asymptomatic patients with severe right ventricular obstruction with a pressure gradient greater than 40 mmHg between the proximal and distal compartments within the right ventricle. Even though our patient was mildly symptomatic, his significant pressure gradient of 116 mmHg warrants surgical evaluation. Conclusion: DCRV is a rare and often overlooked congenital heart disease. The patient, despite mild symptoms, exhibited classic features of DCRV and associated VSD, highlighting the potential for this condition to persist undiagnosed into late adulthood. The presence of severe pulmonary hypertension further emphasizes the importance of early detection and ongoing management to prevent severe complications such as heart failure and sudden cardiac death.

Modeling and Validation of the Sealing Performance of High-Pressure Vane Rotary Actuator

The EHRA (Electro-Hydraulic Rotary Actuator), using a vane rotary actuator, has the advantages of a high torque density and integration and is expected to become a joint actuator for robots. This research focuses on the sealing characteristics of various parts of a vane rotary actuator. The average Reynolds equation was used to analyze the leakage characteristics at the gap. A detailed theoretical analysis was conducted on the internal leakage mechanism of a vane rotary actuator using an X-ring as the dynamic seal for the rotor vane. According to the path of internal leakage, different sealing forms are considered as a series or parallel, and the Newton iteration method is used to obtain the total internal leakage characteristics of a vane rotary actuator. It was also considered that the deformation of the vane rotary actuator caused a thicker gap, leading to an increase in internal leakage. The calculation results are consistent with the experimental data. The analysis results indicate that when estimating the internal leakage of a vane rotary actuator, it is necessary to take the pressure of the high-pressure chamber and output shaft position as inputs. This research provides a reference for an analysis of the method of internal leakage for vane rotary actuators. It provides theoretical support for designing a vane rotary actuator with more minor internal leakage and a higher volumetric efficiency.

Preparation of zwitterionic polymer and its application for dual-functional inhibition in deepwater drilling

During deep-water drilling operations, due to the conditions with low temperature and high pressure in the wellbore, methane hydrate can be easily formed in the presence of methane and plug the wellbore. In addition, the deep-water sediments are dominated by clay-silty with weak cementation, so well instability may be occurred due to clay hydration. In order to inhibit hydrate formation and clay hydration in deepwater drilling, a zwitterionic polymer AADV was synthesized through quaternary copolymerization of AM/AMPS/DMDAAV/VAC. The hydrate inhibition performance of AADV was evaluated in a high-pressure reactor chamber, and the results showed that AADV can delay the hydrate formation time from 330 min in pure water to 2204 min, indicating an excellent inhibition effect of hydrate formation. Meanwhile, 1 % AADV can significantly reduce the linear swelling rate of the calcium-based bentonite to 3.69 % for 10 h and increase the rolling recovery rate to 94.7 %, suggesting an excellent inhibition effect on clay hydration. The mechanism of dual-functional inhibition of AADV was further analyzed. The zwitterionic group in AADV and the hydrophilic amide group can strongly adsorb the water molecules through a strong hydration effect and the hydrogen bonding effect, respectively, which contributes to destroy the water molecules cage structure, and thus to suppress the hydrate formation. Besides, AADV can effectively obstruct mass transfer of methane molecules by increasing the viscosity of the aqueous phase and absorbing on the hydrate surface, leading to hydrate formation inhibition. For the inhibition of clay hydration, the SEM and XRD results proved that AADC inhibits the clay hydration through the film-forming effect. In addition, the contact angle of Na-Bent/AADC composite reached to 55.68° when the polymer concentration increased to 2 %, suggesting that the hydrophobicity of Na-Bent surface can be enhanced after AADC treatment. AADV can wrap around clay particles and form hydrophobic film through adsorption and intercalation, preventing the intrusion of external fluids and inhibiting clay hydration.

Highly Conductive Paths in Diamond and their Application in High Pressure Measurements.

Diamonds possess exceptional properties such as high mechanical strength, thermal conductivity, and electrical resistance, making them suitable for various applications, including high-power electronics and optoelectronics. However, fabricating conductive structures in diamond remains a significant technological challenge. In this publication, we present a controlled process for fabricating precise amorphous conductive paths in a monocrystalline diamond using a focused ion beam (FIB) technique. The resistivity and thickness of the fabricated structures were determined, and their morphology was carefully characterized. The results showed that the optimal charge dose for achieving the lowest resistance was found to be 1017 ions/cm2. The fabricated structures exhibited amorphous morphology. Elemental analysis confirmed the presence of gallium ions in the modified material. The resistivity of the conductive paths was determined to be 30 μΩm, which is remarkably low compared to previous studies and only 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than in metals. Additionally, it is shown that this technology has potential applications in high-pressure chambers and the development of high-pressure sensors within diamond anvils. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into fabricating conductive structures on diamonds using FIB and opens up possibilities for diamond electronics.

Measurement of energy resolution with the NEXT-White silicon photomultipliers

The NEXT-White detector, a high-pressure gaseous xenon time projection chamber, demonstrated the excellence of this technology for future neutrinoless double beta decay searches using photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) to measure energy and silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) to extract topology information. This analysis uses 83mKr data from the NEXT-White detector to measure and understand the energy resolution that can be obtained with the SiPMs, rather than with PMTs. The energy resolution obtained of (10.9 ± 0.6)%, full-width half-maximum, is slightly larger than predicted based on the photon statistics resulting from very low light detection coverage of the SiPM plane in the NEXT-White detector. The difference in the predicted and measured resolution is attributed to poor corrections, which are expected to be improved with larger statistics. Furthermore, the noise of the SiPMs is shown to not be a dominant factor in the energy resolution and may be negligible when noise subtraction is applied appropriately, for high-energy events or larger SiPM coverage detectors. These results, which are extrapolated to estimate the response of large coverage SiPM planes, are promising for the development of future, SiPM-only, readout planes that can offer imaging and achieve similar energy resolution to that previously demonstrated with PMTs.

Experimental Study on Submerged Nozzle Damping Characteristics of Solid Rocket Motor

Acoustic instabilities in solid rocket motors (SRMs) can lead to severe performance deterioration and structural damage. Nozzle damping accounts for the main acoustic dissipation source, and it is highly dependent on geometric parameters and operating conditions. This study experimentally investigated the acoustic damping characteristics of submerged nozzles in SRMs, focusing on the effects of submerged cavity dimensions, nozzle convergent angle, throat-to-port area ratio, and mean pressure variations on the longitudinal instability. The steady-state wave decay method was used to quantify the acoustic damping, and a designed rotary valve system was employed to introduce periodic pressure oscillations in the high-pressure combustion chamber. The results revealed that a larger submerged cavity would reduce the nozzle damping efficiency, with the elimination of the submerged cavity enhancing the nozzle decay coefficient magnitude by 41.9%. Furthermore, increasing the nozzle convergent angle was found to amplify acoustic wave reflection, thereby diminishing damping performance. A linear inverse relationship was observed between the throat-to-port area ratio and the decay coefficient, with a 125% increase in the ratio resulting in a 24.3% reduction in the decay coefficient. Interestingly, despite the formation of complex vortices in the submerged cavity, the mean pressure variation presented negligible effects on acoustic damping characteristics, and its damping performance is similar to a simple nozzle without a cavity. These findings provide valuable experimental data for predicting the stability of a solid rocket motor with a submerged nozzle and offer insights into the optimization of submerged nozzle designs for higher acoustic damping in SRMs.

Simulations With Compressible Multiphase Formulation on Heat Transfer Studies in a Rocket Thrust Chamber With Experimental Validation

Abstract In the combustor for rocket engines, liquid film cooling is a widely adopted technique for restricting the structural components to the acceptable bounds for the successful operation of the propulsion systems. Multiple cooling techniques for thrust chamber walls are favored along with the coolant film in propulsion systems operating at higher chamber pressures by incorporating an ablative cooling mechanism for the nozzle. The adoption of combination will result in challenges in simulation studies due to the presence of multiphase phenomenon in the system. The current article presents the effects of these two cooling methods on a thrust chamber wall studied through compressible multiphase formulations. A majority of the previous studies have used incompressible flow equations to model coolant film behavior and associated heat transfer. The present study utilizes an approach utilizing compressible multiphase flow to simulate the behavior of the compressible hot gas flow and the incompressible coolant liquid film accounting for phase change effects, vapor diffusion into hot gas, radiation effects on coolant surface, liquid entrainment, and blowing effects due to vapor formation at interface. Film-cooling effects on ablative nozzle accounting for pyrolysis phenomenon due to material decomposition governed by Arrhenius expression are also emphasized. The outcome of the numerical model showed good agreement with available test data in literature, and results from the tests done in-house. The model described in the present study was able to support the actual evidence of liquid film cooling being able to preserve the walls of the thrust chamber from severe internal thermal environment and prevent ablation on surface of nozzle.

Effects of adding micro/nano-scale surface roughness on upward flow boiling of R-134a through annular tubes

The enhancement of heat transfer efficiency is crucial for development of high-performance thermal systems in various industrial applications. This study investigates heat transfer and pressure drop during upward saturated flow boiling of R-134a in annular tubes featuring smooth and micro/nano-scale roughened copper surfaces achieved through sandblasting and chemical etching. A high-pressure chamber with a glass side is designed to observe surface wettability and measure contact angles of R-134a on both surfaces. The annular tubes, with inner and outer diameters of 28.6 and 42 mm respectively, and a total heated length of 1000 mm, undergo varying mass flux, vapor quality, and saturation pressure within ranges of 6.73–20.19 kg m−2 s−1, 0.14–0.95, and 530–1000 kPa, alongside heat flux variations from 608 to 2432 W m−2. Results indicate that the application of micro/nano-scale roughness to copper surfaces minimally reduces the contact angle of R-134a which slightly improves its wettability. However, this modification significantly increases the heat transfer coefficient by 256 % compared to the smooth tube, albeit with an associated increase in pressure drop. Additionally, increasing mass flux and vapor quality increases both the heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop. Furthermore, higher heat flux results in a higher heat transfer coefficient with a small increase in pressure drop. Also, the experimental results are compared with some of the available correlations in the literature. The novelty and significance of this work advances our understanding of effect of surface roughness on flow boiling characteristics. Understanding these phenomena is crucial for optimizing the design and performance of heat exchangers and other thermal systems used in various industries, including refrigeration, air conditioning, and power generation.

Optimization of the Internal Ballistic Performance of Supercritical Nitrogen Ejection

This paper investigates a scheme of introducing TNT into a high-pressure chamber containing supercritical nitrogen as the working substance to enhance the utilization of the working substance and the mass of the ejection missile. Based on the S-R-K real gas state equation and the quasi-static pressure and temperature prediction model of TNT, the internal ballistic equations for supercritical nitrogen are established for a missile of 30000 kg, so as to demonstrate the scheme for ejecting a large mass missile and analyze its optimization. Meanwhile, the influence of the high-pressure chamber volume and TNT initiating time on internal ballistic performances is studied, respectively. Simulation results indicate that when the capacity of the high-pressure chamber decreases and the initiating time is delayed, the peak acceleration of the missile and its ejection velocity could be steadily lowered, but the utilization of nitrogen working substance increases. Moreover, the duration of high temperatures in the low-pressure chamber increases as the delay of the initiating time grows. These conclusions could be utilized as a reference for optimizing the design of ejectors.

Experimental Study on the Reaction of Magnesium in Carbon Dioxide and Nitrogen Atmosphere

This manuscript presents an experimental study focusing on the combustion of magnesium in an atmosphere depleted of oxygen. The study explores various mixtures of carbon dioxide and nitrogen, examining their impact on the combustion performance. The experimental design involved evaluating how the carbon content influences combustion parameters. Temperature profiles were analyzed to elucidate different stages of the combustion process. Furthermore, the effects of pressure (2 and 3 ata) and the composition of CO2-N2 mixtures (10%, 19.5%, 35%, 48%, 72%, and 80% CO2 content) on magnesium combustion, including ignition time, maximum temperature, and post-combustion temperatures, were investigated. The results revealed a substantial impact on the ignition delay and combustion time, with the ignition delay decreasing with higher chamber pressure. The combustion process, especially with regard to the ignition time and heat of combustion, was notably affected by CO2 concentration. The morphology of the combustion residue from the magnesium microparticles was characterized using scanning electron microscopy combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). The reaction of Mg with CO2 represents a promising energy source, quickly releasing a substantial amount of heat with a very low quantity of Mg. The estimated value of the heat of combustion for magnesium in N2-CO2 atmosphere is 78.4 kJ mol−1.

GanESS: detecting coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering with noble gases

The recent detection of the coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CEνNS) opens the possibility to use neutrinos to explore physics beyond standard model with small size detectors. However, the CEνNS process generates signals at the few keV level, requiring very sensitive detecting technologies for its detection. The European Spallation Source (ESS) has been identified as an optimal source of low energy neutrinos offering an opportunity for a definitive exploration of all phenomenological applications of CEνNS.GanESS will use a high-pressure noble gas time projection chamber to measure CEνNS at ESS in gaseous Xe, Ar and Kr. Such technique appears extraordinarily promising for detecting the process, although characterization of the response to few-keV nuclear recoils will be necessary. With this goal, we are currently commissioning GaP, a small prototype capable of operating up to 50 bar. GaP will serve to fully evaluate the low energy response of the technique, with a strong focus on measuring the quenching factor for the different noble gases that will later be used at GanESS. An overview of the GanESS project with a focus on the status of GaP and its short-term plans is presented.

Disposable portable buoy for data transmission between seafloor equipment and onshore laboratories

Communications between seafloor observatories and onshore laboratories are desired but difficult to achieve. Herein, we proposed and designed a disposable portable buoy that can be installed on a seafloor observatory to facilitate data transmission from the observatory to an onshore laboratory. The buoy receives data from the observatory through optical communication equipment on the seafloor. Once released, the buoy ascends to the sea surface and transmits data to the onshore laboratory using a satellite. The buoy comprises a carbon fiber cavity, employs an electromagnetic release mechanism, and can be deployed at an underwater depth of 4000 m. During numerical and experimental performance evaluations, the buoy accomplished reliable data transmission, release, and ascent within a high-pressure chamber. Finally, the buoy was integrated into a seafloor observatory in Qingjiang Lake, Hubei Province, China, and field-tested, demonstrating the feasibility of data transmission using the proposed buoy.

Combustion and plume-plasma characteristics of cesium-based solid propellant

The high-temperature plume of solid propellant has spawned considerable amount of highly ionized plasma, which can be used to increase the specific impulse of propellant with the external physical field, as well as serve as the charged particles for the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) generator on the thruster. Unfortunately, the deficiency of workable deal to promote the electrical performance of the plume hinders the development of the above technologies. In this work, cesium-based composite solid propellants (CCSP) were designed and fabricated by introducing cesium-based oxidants into the AP/HTPB/Al propellant as the highly ionized seed. The propulsion properties and plume conductivity of CCSP were preliminarily calculated through theoretical method. The comprehensive combustion-plasma characteristics (plume conductivity, flame morphology and combustion temperature) of CCSP were further investigated, utilizing plume-plasma diagnostic system. Profiting from the high electron derailment capacity of cesium atom with high temperature, the density of charged particles in the plume of CCSP significantly multiplied. The conductivity of CCSP plume with a value of >1000 S/m presented several orders of magnitude enhancement compared with the plume of baseline propellant (3.9 S/m). Additionally, partially replacing AP with CN/CP contributed to the combustion adequacy of Al MPs. The investigation on the burning rate pressure-index of CCSP and baseline using the high-pressure combustion chamber indicated that 0<nbaseline<nCCSP<1, proving the application ability on SRM and the ability to regulate the burning rate over a wide pressure range for CCSP. Overall, the presented work provided a novel method for improving the plume-plasma performance of propellant, exhibiting the admirable application prospects for Rocket-MHD generator technology and enhancement technology of thrust/specific impulse by physical energy field.

Design and fabrication of low background, high energy resolution thermal bonding Micromegas detectors for the PandaX-III experiment

The high-pressure xenon time projection chamber (TPC) utilizing micro-pattern gaseous detector readout has emerged as a highly promising technical solution for the search of neutrino-less double beta decay events. This approach offers exceptional features, including high energy resolution, fine granularity, low background radioactivity, and scalability for large-scale experiments. In line with these advantages, the PandaX-III experiment aims to implement a 10 bar Xe136 TPC, employing a readout plane comprising 52 194 × 194 mm2 Micromegas detectors, within the China Jinping Underground Laboratory.To fulfill the stringent experimental requirements of PandaX-III, a low-background Micromegas detector with high energy resolution was proposed and developed using the thermal bonding method. The performance of the thermal bonding Micromegas prototypes was investigated using X-ray characterization under various gas mixtures with argon and isobutane from 1 bar to 10 bars. Remarkable results were presented at 1 bar gas pressure, where a maximum gas gain of ∼8 × 104 and the best energy resolution (FWHM @5.9 keV) of 13.6% is obtained, and at 10 bar pressure, where maximum gas gain exceeding 104, the best energy resolution of 19%, and excellent stability over a test duration exceeding 150 h is achieved.

Design and preliminary test results of the charge sensitive amplifier for gain-less charge readout in high-pressure TPC

This paper presents the design and electrical test results of a low-noise front-end chip (named Topmetal-S) in a High-pressure Time Projection Chamber (TPC) for searching the neutrinoless double beta decay. The Topmetal-S has been fabricated in a 130 nm CMOS technology. The proposed front-end chip consists of a charge collection electrode, a Charge Sensitive Amplifier (CSA) and peripheral circuits. The test results indicate that the CSA features an input linear dynamic range of approximately 6.64 fC, a charge-conversion gain of about 220 mV/fC and an Equivalent Noise Charge (ENC) of approximately 115 e - after a digital trapezoidal pulse shaper.

A Study on the Transient Response of Compressed Air Energy Storage in the Interaction between Gas Storage Chambers and Horseshoe-Shaped Tunnels in an Abandoned Coal Mine

This study focuses on the renovation and construction of compressed air energy storage chambers within abandoned coal mine roadways. The transient mechanical responses of underground gas storage chambers under a cycle are analyzed through thermal-solid coupling simulations. These simulations highlight changes in key parameters such as displacement, stress, and temperature within the chamber group during the loading and unloading processes of compressed air energy storage. It is found that within a cycle, the small circular chamber experiences the most significant deformation, with an average peak displacement of 0.24 mm, followed by the large circular chamber and horseshoe-shaped tunnels. The small circular chamber exhibits maximum tensile and compressive stresses. Therefore, special attention in engineering practice should be paid to the long-term safety and stability of small circular tunnels, and the stability of horseshoe-shaped tunnels should be also carefully considered. The findings from this study offer some insights for theoretical support and practical implementation in the planning, design, construction, and operation of high-pressure underground gas storage chambers for compressed air energy storage.

Validation of a low-cost continuous renal replacement therapy dialysate fluid controller for experimental purposes

BackgroundContinuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) support is crucial for critically ill patients and it is underexplored in specific situations. Experimental CRRT offers a means to gain insights into these scenarios, but the prohibitive cost of CRRT machines limits their accessibility. This study aimed to develop and validate a low-cost and precise dialysate controller for experimental CRRT.ResultsOur results demonstrate a commendable level of precision in affluent flow control, with a robust correlation (R2 = 0.99) for continuous flow and a strong correlation (R2 = 0.95) for intermittent flow. Additionally, we observed acceptable agreement with a bias = 3.4 mL (upper limit 95% = 43.9 mL and lower limit 95% = − 37 mL) for continuous flow and bias = − 20.9 mL (upper limit 95% = 54 mL and lower limit 95% = − 95.7 mL) for intermittent flow, in this way, offering a precise CRRT dose for the subjects. Furthermore, we achieved excellent precision in the cumulative ultrafiltration net (UFnet), with a bias = − 2.8 mL (upper limit 95% = 6.5 mL and lower limit 95% = − 12 mL). These results remained consistent even at low affluent flow rates of 8, 12, and 20 mL/min, which are compatible with CRRT doses of 25–30 mL/kg for medium-sized animals. Moreover, the acceptable precision of our findings persisted when the dialysate controller was subjected to high filter dialysate chamber pressure for an extended duration, up to 797 min.ConclusionsThe low-cost dialysate controller developed and tested in this study offers a precise means of regulating CRRT in experimental settings. Its affordability and accuracy render it a valuable instrument for studying CRRT support in unconventional clinical scenarios, particularly in middle-income countries’ experimental ICU laboratories.

Design, characterization and installation of the NEXT-100 cathode and electroluminescence regions

NEXT-100 is currently being constructed at the Laboratorio Subterráneo de Canfranc in the Spanish Pyrenees and will search for neutrinoless double beta decay using a high-pressure gaseous time projection chamber (TPC) with 100 kg of xenon. Charge amplification is carried out via electroluminescence (EL) which is the process of accelerating electrons in a high electric field region causing secondary scintillation of the medium proportional to the initial charge. The NEXT-100 EL and cathode regions are made from tensioned hexagonal meshes of 1 m diameter. This paper describes the design, characterization, and installation of these parts for NEXT-100. Simulations of the electric field are performed to model the drift and amplification of ionization electrons produced in the detector under various EL region alignments and rotations. Measurements of the electrostatic breakdown voltage in air characterize performance under high voltage conditions and identify breakdown points. The electrostatic deflection of the mesh is quantified and fit to a first-principles mechanical model. Measurements were performed with both a standalone test EL region and with the NEXT-100 EL region before its installation in the detector. Finally, we describe the parts as installed in NEXT-100, following their deployment in Summer 2023.