Highest Yield Of Seeds Research Articles

Response of growth and yields of three sunflower genotypes (Helianthus annuus L .) to arrangement system of plants in farm

A factorial experiment was conducted in R.C.B.D. in a clay-loam texure soil at the experimental farm, college of agriculture, university of AL –anbar, Iraq in spring seasons of 2002 and 2004. In order to study the growth response and seed yields and quality of the three sunflower genotypes (Euroflower,Flamme and Akmar) to the planting distances between hills were (20 , 30 and 40 )cm and the number of plants per hill was (1, 2plants ). The results of both years could be summarized as follows . Flamme genotype was significantly superior (P < 0.05 ) in most characters of growth , yields and harvest index in both years, and gave high yield of seeds (10.19 ton /ha) as an average for the two years compared to Akmar genotype (6.12 ton / ha ) and Euro flower (6.46 ton / ha ). Oil yields were (3.82, 2.31 and 2.41 )ton /ha for the three genotypes respectively . Decreasing distance between hills caused significant increase in the plant height, leaf area index ,dry matter yield , seed yield and harvest index in both years, Oil percentage and oil yields in the first year , and the value of the above characters reached the highest at 20 cm distance between hills . This distance was superior in seed and oil yields with the percent 38.33 and 54.09 % for the first character as an average for both seasons, For the second character the average was 43.02 and 62.56 % as compared with 30 and 40 cm distance among hills respectively, while a reverse results was obtained for leaf area , head diameter , number of seeds per head and weight of 1000 seeds for both years of study . when planting two plants in a hill; the yields of seed increased about 70% as an average for both years and oil yields to about 54% as compared with planting one plant per hill, the harvest index which had no effect, while oil percent had increased significantly with planting one plant in the hill . The interaction among genotypes , hill space and number of plants in a hill had significantly effected (P It was concluded that there was a positive increase in seed and oil yield by reducing the distance of planting and increasing the plants per a hill (increasing the plant density) for all genotypes. Flamme genotype was the most efficient in using its physiological and genotypical ability under the conditions of study ; it gave higher seed and oil yields when planted in a distance of 20 cm between each two hills with of two plants per hill (200000 plant/hac.).

Effect of Fertilization on Plant Growth and Nutrient Uptake in Oilseed Rape Under Varying Boron Supply

Both pot experiment and solution culture were conducted with two contrasting oilseed rape cultivars to investigate the effects of NPK fertilization with varied boron (B) status on plant growth, nutrient uptake, root activity (as TTC reducing capacity by fresh roots) and root cell plasmalemma H+-ATPase activity. The tolerant and sensitive cultivars used were ZY 821 and WY 324, respectively. The soil used for pot experiment was an alluvial soil. The pot experiment consisted of two nitrogen–phosphorus–potassium (NPK) levels (mg kg−1 air-dried soil): high NPK with N 335; P2O5 150 and K2O 150; low NPK with N 285; P2O5 100 and K2O 100 and two B levels (as borax, mg kg−1 air-dried soil): 16 (+B) and 0 (−B, no B supply). The solution culture consisted of two B levels: 0 (−B, no B added) and 100 μmol/L (+B, added as H3BO3). Compared to the treatment with no B added, the incorporation of B into the B-deficient soil significantly increased shoot and root dry weight (DW), ratio of root to shoot (RRS), seed yield (SY), and uptake of nutrients [N, P, K, calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and B], irrespective of NPK supply levels. Increasing rate of NPK could significantly decrease the parameters described above, regardless of B status. In contrast to −B treatment, addition of B to the solution obviously enhanced root activity and plasmalemma H+-ATPase activity. Under the same conditions, cultivar ZY 821 produced more DW, larger RRS, higher SY, more nutrient uptake, higher root activity and H+-ATPase activity than cultivar WY 324. It is suggested that RRS, root activity and plasmalemma H+-ATPase activity be used as useful parameters to screen oilseed rape cultivars, which are genotypically different in response to B deficiency.

New Polish cultivars of flax resistant to Fusarium wilt

The breeders consider the lack of resistance of fibrous flax cultivars to Fusarium wilt the main problem in flax cultivation in Poland. The resistance to diseases, lodging, the quality of fiber and adaptation to local climatic conditions are the main factors that have to be taken into consideration when high yields are involved. Therefore, the selected cultivars must be characterized by these features. In breeding process, conducted at the Institute of Natural Fibres in Poznań, the breeding lines of flax were tested in F4, F5, F8 and F10 in different years. The tests were conducted in provocative conditions. The main aim of breeding of flax is obtaining of new cultivars having the resistance genes to Fusarium wilt and genes responsible for high yields. Such genotypes were obtained from crossings between cultivars grown in Poland and cultivars characterized by high quality of fiber, high yield of seeds, resistance to Fusarium wilt and lodging. Five among many cultivars obtained at the INF show the best features. These cultivars are: Nike, Artemida, Modran, Selena and Luna.

Determinants of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) seed yield at extremely high plant density

Abstract Potential seed-yield of cowpea has not been evaluated at extremely high densities. The factors associated with high seed-yield under extremely high plant density were investigated with contrasting vegetable and dry-grain bush-type cowpeas during the summers of 1985 to 1987 at the University of California, Riverside. A split-plot experimental design was used, with cultivars as mainplots and plant densities as subplots. In 1985 and 1986, two vegetable cowpea cultivars (UCR193 and UCR206) were planted at 100, 133, 200 and 400 thousand plants ha−1 ( tph . In 1987, four dry-grain cowpea cultivars (CB5, 8043, 507 and 637) and the two vegetable-cowpea cultivars were planted at the extreme densities of 100 and 400 tph . UCR193 consistently produced greater seed yield than UCR206 at 400 tph , but their yields were similar at 100 to 200 tph . Seed yields of CB5, 637, and 8043 were significantly greater at 400 tph than at 100 tph by 60, 44 and 26%, respectively. In contrast, seed yield of 507 was 15% less at 400 tph than at 100 tph . At 100 tph the yields of the dry-grain cowpeas were not significantly different. Changes in plant density had little effect on apparent harvest indices ( ahi ) for both the vegetable and dry-grain cowpea cultivars. Cultivar ranking for ahi was relatively stable across densities and years. Seed yield of cultivars with high ahi (UCR193, CB5, 8043 and 637) were more responsive to increasing plant density than cultivars with low ahi (UCR206 and 507), and yield response was positively correlated with ahi (r = 0.69 and 0.94 with n = 6 at low and high plant density, respectively). Seed yield response to higher plant density was negatively correlated with vegetative vigor as measured by shoot dry-matter (r = −0.51, n = 6) or leaf-area index (r = −0.65, n = 6) at full bloom and low plant density. Cultivar differences in responsiveness to density were not associated with differences in plant morphology. The results demonstrate that seed yield of some bush-type cowpea cultivars can be substantially increased in intensive commercial production by increasing plant density from the currently used densities of 100–133 tph to 400 tph . Selection for high apparent harvest index may be useful during early phases of breeding programs, with plants sown at low densities when developing bush-type cowpea cultivars with potential for high productivity under extremely high plant density.

Seed Yield Selection in Medicago sativa L. and Correlated Responses Affecting Dry Matter Yield

AbstractOpen pollinated (OP) progenies from 72 plants, selected for seed yield within a population of the Italian synthetic variety ‘Adriana’, were evaluated in 1983–1986 under dense stand conditions, both for dry matter yield (DMY) of the 1st cut and seed yield (SY) of the 2nd regrowth. Analysis of variance of the results showed the presense of significant differences in SY potential among entries, with average SY over the years of open pollinated (OP) progenies ranging between 32.1 gm‐3. In contrast, the OP progenies were not significantly different in DMY, averaging between 0.61 kg m‐2 and 0.77 kg m‐2. The results show the possibility of selecting for SY without a negative response affecting DMY in lucerne. Furthermore, the most interesting materials appeared to be characterized both by high average SY and SY stability over the year.

Heritability and Interrelationships of Chemical and Agronomic Traits of Soybeans (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) in Diverse Environments

Heritabilities and interrelationships of chemical and agronomic traits of soybeans were determined in high-seed yield, irrigated environments and low-seed yield nonirrigated stress environments. Seed yield was correlated with economic growth rate (EGR), biological yield, growth rate, EGR-fruiting period, harvest index, seed weight, oil content, seed quality, unmottled seed, height, low protein, and resistance to lodging, shattering, and drought. Associations measured indicated that greater progress toward increased seed yield can be made by selecting for growth rate or biological yield than for harvest index. Seed yield was positively correlated with maturity in the nonirrigated environment and negatively correlated with maturity under irrigation. Protein and oil content (chemical traits) were negatively correlated. Interannual correlations suggested that seed quality was as subject to environmental differences as was seed yield, and that phenotypic stability was greater in the irrigated than in the nonirrigated environment. Estimates of heritability were larger in the irrigated than in the nonirrigated environment or for soybean populations selected from the irrigated than from the nonirrigated environment. Greater genetic progress can be expected when selection is performed in an irrigated environment.

A REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS FORMATION IN EARLY MATURING SOY-BEAN VARIETY DEPENDING ON THE SOWING METHOD

The article presents the results of the study of the effect of sowing methods on the formation of reproductive organs in a new early maturing variety of soybean Septemberbrinka, which is characterized by indeterminant type of growth, resistant to fungal and bacterial diseases, lodging, forms 2-3 branches on the plant. The research was carried out on meadow chernozemic soil in the southern agricultural zone of the Amur region in order to establish the effect of the method of sowing on the processes of reproductive organs formation and seed yield. The variety was grown using the wide-row method of sowing at 45 cm and the row method at 15 cm, the repetition in the experiment was four times. On average for the two years of research the advantage showed the wide-row method of cultivation, in which the safety of plants for harvesting was higher by 7%, as with the row method of cultivation plants stretched and lodged, and the stem became thinner. The highest biological seed yield of 3.44 t/ha was obtained with the wide-row method of cultivation. The 15 cm rowing method reduced the seed yield to 2.5 t/ha. The high yield of seeds in the crops with a row spacing of 45 cm was provided by the highest number of formed flowers (182 pcs), bean ovaries (119 pcs) and beans (51 pcs), and low bean fall - 19.9 %, compared with 22.5 % for the row method of cultivation. As a result of the research coefficients of variation (CV) depending on the way of sowing were determined, which showed that in sowing with 45 cm row-spacing the degree of variation depending on the reproductive organ formed was 1.4-2.1 times lower in comparison with the sowing by the row method.

KAREOGENOMIC (CHROMOSOMAL) FEATURES AND CHARACTERISTIC OF CALENDULA OF MEDICAL SELECTION BY ALL-RUSSIAN SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS

The yield quality and raw harvest of Calendula officinalis varieties (Ryzhik, Kal'ta, Zolotoe more and Rajskij sad) were investigated. The yield of the varieties Zolotoe more and Rajskij sad was higher than the yield of varieties Ryzhik and Kal'ta in 2.2 and 1.9 times. The variety Zolotoe more has the highest yield of seeds and the weight of seeds but the smallest weight of 1000 seeds. These signs are prescience about ring-shaped seed. The sowing qualities of seeds of all varieties are matched to Government Standard (GOST) №34221-2017. The highest content of flavonoids was found in variety Rajskij sad, the lowest in variety Ryzhik. Content of active substances match to the Pharmacopeia article № 2.5.0030.15. A minor polymorphism of C/DAPI bands of chromosomes was found in the studied varieties of Calendula officinalis. The karyotype showed size variability in DAPI bands witch adjacent to the secondary construction and the satellite thread itself. As usually, it connected with the variability of ribosome genes and their different functions.