High-tech Processes Research Articles

SCIENTIFIC-TECHNICAL AND PRODUCTION POTENTIAL OF UKRAINE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SCIENTIFIC PRODUCTS OF DIESEL CONSTRUCTION

In this work, an attempt is made to provide an assessment of the prospects for the development of automotive diesel engineering in Ukraine, the availability and preservation of scientific, technical and production potential for the continuation of the production of knowledge-intensive products of this domestic sub-industry in modern conditions. According to the authors, the manufacturers of vehicles in Ukraine quickly found the support of the State regarding the inclusion of the relatively most complex structural units of the car design - the engine and the chassis - in the list of imported components, since the manufacture of these parts requires high-tech processes that ensure the manufacture of low-quality parts. Other personal opinions of the authors have been expressed regarding the reasons for the absence of energy sources that ensure the economic development of the country and are considered science-intensive products in the modern domestic automotive industry. According to the results of the research, it was established that the list of developments of the domestic automotive diesel industry in recent years extends from the two-cylinder diesel engine of the ZIM-800D four-wheeled motorcycle, which was proven to be introduced into the series, and the ZIM-1901 and ZIM-1902 microcars, to the design documentation of the modern six-cylinder diesel engine 6DTNA2 with a four-valve cylinder head and electronic fuel injection system. As an example of the capacity of the domestic production potential, the production technology of the cylinder head of a four-cylinder diesel engine 4ChN 8.8/8.2 was worked out with the involvement of available production resources and the use of imported components. This approach makes it possible to significantly reduce the time for the manufacture and preparation of the production of structural elements of the domestically produced engine, which is a representative of the "Slobozhansky diesel" power series.

Fuzzy Evaluation Model for Operational Performance of Air Cleaning Equipment

Global warming has led to the continuous deterioration of the living environment, in which air quality directly affects human health. In addition, the severity of the COVID-19 pandemic has further increased the attention to indoor air quality. Indoor clean air quality is not only related to human health but also related to the quality of the manufacturing environment of clean rooms for numerous high-tech processes, such as semiconductors and packaging. This paper proposes a comprehensive model for evaluating, analyzing, and improving the operational performance of air cleaning equipment. Firstly, three operational performance evaluation indexes, such as the number of dust particles, the number of colonies, and microorganisms, were established. Secondly, the 100(1− α)% upper confidence limits of these three operational performance evaluation indexes were deduced to construct a fuzzy testing model. Meanwhile, the accumulated value of ϕ was used to derive the evaluation decision-making value. The proposed model can help companies identify the key quality characteristics that need to be improved. Furthermore, the competitiveness of cooperative enterprises towards smart manufacturing can be strengthened, so that enterprises can not only fulfill their social responsibilities while developing the economy but also take into account the sustainable development of enterprises and the environment.

Light Rare Earth Elements in Freshly Deposited River Sediments of Ganga Alluvial Plain, Northern India: Geogenic Variability and Anthropogenic Influences

ABSTRACT Rare Earth Elements (REE) are the industrial “Vitamins” because of the high-technology based modern uses and their anthropogenic inputs in natural environment, this study mainly focused on Geogenic variability and anthropogenic imprints of Light Rare Earth Elements (LREE), in the recently deposited sediments of the Ganga Alluvial Plain. All the Sediment samples were analyzed by using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). LREE comprises about ~91% of total REE in the Gomati River Sediments and Cerium (300 µg/g) was the most abundant LREE in the bedload sediments. Average LREE concentrations in bedload (170 µg/g) and suspended load (184 µg/g) sediments of the Gomati River were observed higher than the Average Sediments and the World Major Rivers Suspended Sediments and therefore, characterizing the LREE contamination in sediments. This contamination level assessed on the basis of Potential Ecological Risk Assessment (PERI), Contamination Factors (CF), Degree of Contamination (CD) and Geo-accumulation Index (Igeo), the trend of element contamination showed that Sm>La>Pr>Ce>Nd and PERI shows that LREE pose moderate to strong ecological risk, mostly by Pr and Sm in the study area. The spatial and temporal enrichment of LREE in sediments were observed in the Basin since last two decades. This paper mainly highlights the effects of socio-economic development linked modern high-tech processes on LREE contamination in the river sediments and cycling by the sub-tropical fluvial environment of southern Asia; where rivers supply ~30% of the global sediment input to the world’s ocean.

ASSESSMENT OF THE SAFETY AND QUALITY OF RAW MILK FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES OF PRIMARY MILK PROCESSING

As you know, the quality of milk cannot be improved during its processing, therefore the milk quality management system at production facilities should be focused on high-tech processes of its production. It has been scientifically proven that the process of obtaining and collecting milk, its primary processing, storage and transportation are the least controlled production processes. Therefore, the study of the milking technology impact and primary processing on the quality of the obtained milk remains relevant. An analysis of production and primary processing of milk was carried out at the farm of “Lany Vinkovechchyny” LLC in Khmelnytskyi region, and in order to improve the quality of the obtained milk raw materials, it was proposed to optimize the technology of primary processing of milk, in particular, to supplement the traditional scheme of primary purification with a fine filter. It was established that there is a dependence between the quality of raw milk and the technology of primary processing, so with successive purification of milk with a filter of coarse and then fine purification, the number of mesophilic aerobic and facultatively anaerobic microorganisms (KMAFAnM) in milk was at the level of 228 thousand CFU /cm3, which corresponds to the highest grade, at the same time, during one-time filtration in a closed flow with a coarse filter, the milk contained 332 thousand CFU /cm3, which is according to DSTU 3662:2018. corresponds only to the first kind indicator. After double filtration, only 259,000/cm3 somatic cells were found in the milk samples, which is 27.6% less than in the milk samples that underwent single purification. The proposed measures to improve the quality and safety of raw milk through the consistent use of filters for coarse and fine primary cleaning made it possible to increase the quality of milk and increase financial income for the farm.

ХИМИЧЕСКИЙ СОСТАВ И ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ СВОЙСТВА МОЛОКА КОРОВ-ПЕРВОТЕЛОК ПРИ РАЗНЫХ СПОСОБАХ СОДЕРЖАНИЯ И ТЕХНОЛОГИЯХ ДОЕНИЯ

Industrial milk production is based on high-tech processes at the current stage. Strong requirements imposed on milk quality are due to the quality of raw materials for producing a wide range of dairy products. The production of milk that meets sanitary and hygienic standards and the requirements of regulatory and technical documents (regulations and standards) is a priority in dairy cattle breeding. Analysis of the chemical composition of milk obtained from the control and experimental groups showed that the milk fat content was the highest (4.06 %) in the 1st experimental group and exceeded the control (3.93 %) and the 2nd experimental (3.94 %) groups. Under the loose housing system the mass fraction of protein was 3.15 %; the value was 0.02 points larger compared with the tie housing system. The milk density in the animal groups ranged from 1027.0 to 1029.0 kg/m3 , which meets the requirements of GOST 31449-2013. The largest mass fraction of dry solids in milk was found in the 2nd experimental group (12.58 %). The data analysis indicates that the housing system type and the milking technology of first-calf heifers have an effect on the number of milk fat globules per 1 cm3 and their diameter. The analysis of the quantitative and qualitative composition of fat globules has provided more complete data about the milk fat fraction, which is a crucial index in milk production. The milk obtained from the Holstein breed heifers in the studied groups can be used for cheese making. The third yogurt sample had a milky white colour, homogeneous throughout the mass; the consistency was homogeneous, with good curd tension and low viscosity; the sample had a pure, fermented milk flavour, without foreign traces.

An Overview of Electron Accelerator Applications in Environmental Protection with an Emerging Pollutants Decomposing approach

Bachground: In recent years, problems related to environmental damage and natural resource degradation are receiving increased attention from researchers throughout the world. This occurs mostly, through un-eco-friendly technology used to produce industrial products. Therefore, eco-friendly science and technology (green technology) which can empower and control the existing coal power plant for the virtue of society and the earth is required. Today, the design and application of electron accelerator has been well developed due to reliability, larger capacity, greater energy range, and cost reduction. Technologies that use particle accelerators are considered critical to advance high-tech processes in various economic fields, including material processing, sterilization of medical products, environmental protection, medicine, cargo inspection, chemical analysis, nuclear energy, etc. High-energy and high-power beams pose the ability to alter the physical, chemical, and biological properties of materials on an industrial scale. This technology has received more attention than other conventional treatment methods due to the need for smaller areas, high electrical efficiency, and production of by-products such as fertilizers. The electronic beam process in the treatment of off-gas, wastewater, and sludge, as well as the decomposition of emerging contaminants, is mentioned as a non-chemical, additive-free process that uses radiolysis to effectively decompose contaminants. The literature addresses various applications of electron accelerators in order to modify the physical, chemical, or biological properties of industrial pollutants in the liquid, solid, and gas phases through treatment by ionizing radiation to control environmental pollution. Many advantages can be achieved through this method, which is known as radiation processing.

МОНІТОРИНГ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ АГРАРНОГО СЕКТОРУ УКРАЇНИ ТА ДОНЕЦЬКОЇ ОБЛАСТІ В УМОВАХ ВОЄННОГО СТАНУ

The article examines the economic situation of the agrarian sphere of Ukraine and the Donetsk region in terms of its ability to produce the necessary amount of agricultural products and ensure food security in the conditions of martial law. A significant amount of damage caused by the war is indicated. An analysis of the production of agricultural products in the five years before the full-scale invasion and in the year of the war was carried out. The distribution of the share of participation in production by categories of farms was considered: enterprises and households. The important role of households in providing the country with food during the period of martial law is determined. It is noted that it is easier for small commodity producers to adapt to changing business conditions than for large commodity enterprises. The dynamics of production of agricultural products per capita for 2017–2021 are presented. However, it should be noted that in wartime it is not appropriate to evaluate the efficiency of agricultural work based on these results, because a large number of the population emigrated, and production volumes are unstable. Despite the difficult times, the activity of the agricultural sector is aimed not only at providing for the domestic consumer, but also at the development of the foreign economic market. Even in wartime, the export of agricultural products has a positive trend. Research for 2017–2022 showed that domestic agriculture stably ensures the inflow of foreign currency into the economic space of Ukraine. The share of agricultural products in the commodity structure of foreign trade of Ukraine is considered. It was determined that the most important part of the export of agricultural products and food products is plant products and fats and oils of animal or vegetable origin. Data on production and export volumes of the main products of crop production, which are grain crops and seeds and fruits of oil crops, are provided. It was determined that a significant part of agricultural exports consists of raw materials, therefore, when implementing agricultural export diversification strategies, it is necessary to systematically increase the share of agricultural products that are produced as a result of high-tech processes and have a high added value.

TRANSFORMATION OF INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 4.0 IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY: UNDERSTANDING DRIVERS & BARRIERS WITH DEMATEL ALGORITHM

Modern digitalization technology known as Industrial Revolution 4.0 (IR 4.0) has the potential to enhance business operations and communication networks across a variety of sectors. The lack of high-tech processes and technology in the construction industry, however, is growing the distance between the industry and IR 4.0 change. There has not been any prior research on the drivers and challenges of the IR 4.0 transition in the construction industry using DEMATEL. Therefore, the DEMATEL method was utilised to assess the interaction between the drivers and barriers of the IR 4.0 revolution in the construction industry. From the literature review, a list of factors that influence and hinder growth was taken. During interviews, 17 experts provided data using the DEMATEL questionnaire, which was subsequently used for analysis. The impact-relation map diagram showed key elements and their relationships. The outcome demonstrates challenges with the Incompatibility of Innovations (P) is the most significant issue, which is a major barrier that must be overcome. As a result, the listed drivers can be improved further, and the mentioned barriers can be overcome.

Особенности формирования сварного соединения сплава ВТ14 сваркой трением с перемешиванием с использованием жаропрочного инструмента из сплава ЖС6У

Introduction. The technological process of fabrication products from titanium alloys is often complicated by low quality of welded joints during electric arc or gas-flame welding operations due to high residual stresses and deformations. An example of a successful solution to this problem is the development and implementation of such high-tech processes of metal joining as friction stir welding, which does not refer to the methods of fusion joining. Friction stir welding as an advanced technology is used to obtain joints of “soft” metallic materials, such as aluminum. For “hard” metallic materials, friction stir welding has been limited due to the high demands on welding tools. The aim of this work is investigation of the possibility of using a tool made of the nickel-based heat-resistant alloy ZhS6U in friction stir welding of the titanium alloy Ti-5Al-3Mo-1V. Results and discussion. Optical and scanning electron microscopy results revealed that the structure of the weld is typical of this type of welding, gradient, consisting of a heat-affected zone, thermo-mechanical affected zone and a stir zone with a fragmented structure. When varying welding parameters, it is shown that the defectiveness of the weld is affected to a greater extent by the axial load on the tool, which is caused by a significant difference in the thermal effect on the material. Metallographic analysis methods revealed dissolution of welding tool material fragments in the stir zone of the non-detachable joint. Fractographic analysis of the fracture surface shows that the fracture in the weld zone is ductile, although in this case there are brittle bridges. Varying the parameters of friction stir welding made it possible to obtain an indissoluble joint with at least 90 % of the strength of the base metal.

Compression Relaxation of Multi-Structure Polymer Composites in Penetrating Liquid Medium.

Multi-structural polymer composites are widely used in the mechanical engineering, automotive, aviation and oil refining industries, as well as in the printing industry as a shock-absorbing deckle on the offset cylinders of printing machines. During offset printing, composites come into contact with inks and washing solutions, the components of which penetrate the material and cause the polymers to swell. This process degrades the print quality, and for this reason the study of its features is relevant. The prerequisites for this work are the study of the fundamental laws of diffusion and sorption of liquids by polymers with different micro- and macro-structures in different physical states and in different forms (e.g., films, sheets, fibers and fabrics). The combination of polymer materials in the composition of multi-structural fabric blankets makes it possible to obtain materials with unique mechanical properties and high resistance to liquid penetrating media and to use them in high-tech processes of multi-color printing with high resolution and color rendering. This article reports for the first time the kinetics and thermodynamics results obtained from the swelling of multi-structural polymeric blankets in solvents used in printing, and the effect of sorption of different polar liquids on the viscoelastic strain under compression during the operation of the damping systems of printing machines. Using mathematical models of activated liquid diffusion in polymers and deformation of a viscoelastic body, the swelling rate constants, solvent diffusion coefficients (the kinetic characteristics of the swelling process) and Flory−Huggins parameters (the thermodynamic characteristics of the interaction of the solvent with the composite) for composite−solvent systems with several chemical composition variants were determined. The elastic modulus and the viscosity coefficient of the composite under liquid saturation were calculated based on the experimental cyclic compression data. The range of change in the compression and restoration times of the polymeric blankets (0.09 s ÷ 0.78 s) was determined. It was shown that the composite swelled to a limited extent in all the studied liquids. All solvents used were thermodynamically poor (χ > 0.5). It has been established that rubber−fabric blankets coated with nitrile rubber are the least resistant to the action of dichloroethane, and that blankets with layers of polyolefins are not resistant to ethyl acetate. Water significantly affects the physicochemical properties of rubber−fabric blankets with a large proportion of cotton fabric layers. The data obtained can serve as a basis for optimizing the compositions of inks and cleaning solutions, as well as a theoretical basis for the thermodynamics of composite−solvent systems.

Prospects for recycling plastic waste based on polyethylene glycol terephthalate using living systems (a review)

In recent years, the biodegradation of polyethylene glycol terephthalate has become an important direction in solving the problem of environmental pollution with plastic waste. This review generalizes the latest data on various microorganisms capable of biodegrading polyethylene glycol terephthalate. The mechanisms of enzymatic reactions of polyethylene glycol terephthalate hydrolysis and the structure of biodegradation enzymes are elucidated. Challenges to the industrial implementation of polyethylene glycol terephthalate biodegradation are considered along with proposals on the promotion of appropriate waste disposal technologies. Biodegradation comprises a promising method for the environmentally friendly and efficient disposal of waste plastics. So far, no commercial biodegradation technologies for recycling polyethylene glycol terephthalate have been developed. This area is attracting increased research attention, which is expected to result in the appearance of cost-effective and high-tech biodegradation processes. Future advances are likely to be based on synthetic biology and metabolic engineering strategies capable of constructing artificial microbial consortia and modifying microbial polyethylene glycol terephthalate hydrolases aimed at a more complete biodegradation and bioconversion of polyethylene glycol terephthalate and other complex polymers.

Provision of agricultural machinery for agricultural production in Russia

Relevance. The level of technical equipment occupies a special place in the development of agricultural production. For the development and improvement of production operations in agriculture, developed countries are introducing various high-tech processes and equipment. As a result, agricultural work becomes more interesting, productive and efficient. Only due to the complete automation of technological operations and processes, it is possible to significantly facilitate hard physical labor. The volume of work is significantly increasing at the same costs with the use of innovative machinery and equipment in agricultural production. Consequently, this leads to an increase in the economic efficiency of production.Materials and research methods. The materials of the study were data from periodicals on trends in the technical re-equipment of agriculture in Russia, materials of statistical reporting of the Russian Federation, its constituent entities and the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia over the past decades. In the course of the research, abstractlogical, monographic, computational-constructive, comparative analysis and statistical methods were used.Results. According to the results of the studies, it was established that the provision of agricultural machinery and equipment to agricultural enterprises in Russia has been deteriorating from year to year since 1990, there is a high level of deterioration of technical equipment, a low level of its renewal, a large share of old structures in the structure of the technical fleet of agricultural enterprises. Due to the lack of agricultural machinery, Russia loses about 30% of its crop yield every year, significant losses of production occur from non-compliance with agrotechnical terms for spring sowing, sowing winter crops, harvesting, as well as violations of the technology of cultivation of crops. As the reasons for the lag in the technical equipment of agricultural enterprises in Russia, the authors highlight such factors as the low level of profitability of agricultural enterprises, the inaccessibility of credit funds and weak government support for the industry. It is proved that without positive changes in the trend of technical equipment of agricultural organizations it will be impossible to increase the efficiency of agricultural production.

ІННОВАЦІЙНІ РИЗИКИ ВИСОКОТЕХНОЛОГІЧНИХ ПРОМИСЛОВИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ

The recovery of economy of Ukraine today and the prospects for its development in the post-war period depend on the attraction of investment resources in high-tech industrial enterprises, and the formation of innovative, competitive industrial enterprises capable not only of increasing economic potentialof the country, but also of ensuring the increase in the employment level due to the creation of new jobs, reducing the outflow of qualified labor, having a positive effect on increasing the general level of income, and therefore consumption, which activates the activity in all related industries and types of activities.The mentioned aspects give rise to numerous innovation risks, the impact of which can significantly affect the performance of industrial enterprises, especially high-tech ones, in a negative sense.Given this, the relevance of the chosen topic of research does not cause doubt and objections.The purpose of the article is to study the essence of innovation risks of high-tech industrial enterprises, identify risk-forming factors and probable consequences of their manifestation.In the course of achieving the set goal, the essence and characteristics defining a high-tech industrial enterprise were clarified, and the main advantages and disadvantages of such enterprises were singled out and characterized. In our opinion, the key adavnatages of high-tech enterprises are:high level of knowledge-intensive products; dominance of high-tech intermediate products in the composition of the final product; use of high-tech processes; automation of most operations of the production process, high innovativeness; high level of competitive, economic and other types of potential;possibility of expanding market niches and implementing integration processes. The main disadvantages include the fact that spending on knowledge-intensive products for a long time increases its cost price; the need for large capital investments increases the value added, enterprises have difficultiesin attracting investment resources, etc.The essence of innovation risks as an economic category was investigated, and the author’s definition of this concept was formulated. In our opinion, the innovation risk of a high-tech industrial enterprise should be understood as the probability of the enterprise losing profit/income/capital as aresult of implementation of all types of activities (operational, financial and investment) that are based on the development/attraction/use of new equipment and technology, innovative products and services, new methods, methodics and procedures of their implementation. Innovation risks were considered from the pont of view of the participants of the innovation process, and the following types of innovation risks were highlighted, namely: risks of innovations developers, risks of innovations producers, risks of investors, risks of suppliers, risks of intermediaries, risks of consumers, risks connected with competitors, risks of society. For each type of innovation risks, the subtypes of innovation risks were identified and characterized. Positive and negative consequences of the manifestation of innovation risks in the activities of high-tech industrial enterprises were formulated. &nbsp

Высокотехнологичные приемы переработки рыбного сырья, выращенного в Астраханской области

The modern level of development of fish processing technology is analyzed. A number of high-tech processes related to deep processing of aquaculture objects (paddlefish, clary catfish and tilapia), grown in the Astrakhan 
 region, in closed water supply installations, have been proposed for implementation. The chemical composition of fish muscle tissue has been studied. A method has been developed to reduce the microbial contamination of raw materials using a low-frequency electromagnetic field. Methods of electrophysical and gas-liquid processing of raw materials have been adapted to real production conditions. Methods for processing secondary fish resources into edible fish meal and fish oil have been tested using gas-liquid technologies. Methods for processing water and muscle tissue of fish raw materials by electromagnetic and gas-liquid methods are proposed. The chemical composition of fish pates enriched with CO2-extracts was investigated.

Improved profit model for production of MicroLED PCB with asymmetric specifications

Due to strict requirements for high-tech processes, yield is an essential performance measure of quality output and affects production economics significantly. Yield is a performance index that significantly influences the optimal decision on profit and production quantity. For instance, in micro light-emitting diodes (MicroLED) manufacturing, the yield of surface mounting highly affects the production cost. To guarantee the production decision is reliable, accurately evaluating yields is crucial. However, the existing yield evaluation method for asymmetric processes with a very low fraction of defective by process capability index is conservative and may mislead the decisions. In this paper, a revised unbiased estimator is investigated and a weighted parametric bootstrap method for accurate production decision making is provided. With extensive comparisons, the proposed method outperforms the existing analytical method and considerably improves the precision of yield evaluation. We also provided managerial insights for a profit with various yield measure methods. For demonstration, an application of production yield determination for a printed circuit board process for MicroLED is presented.

Cloud system for decision supporting of technological process of restoration of surfaces of structures and machine parts

The object of research is the process of decision support of the technological process. The subject of the research is the decision support system of the technological process of restoration of surfaces of structures and machine parts in the form of cloud service. The purpose of the work is to develop a decision support system for the technological process of restoration of surfaces of structures and machine parts in the form of cloud service, which will further optimize high-tech processes of enterprises of various scales using cloud information technology. As a result of the research, the difficulties of automating the design of technological processes are analyzed, mainly due to the fact that the tasks of technological process design do not currently have formal methods of solution. Therefore, for the implementation of technological design, the development of formalization of technology (or part of it), ie the replacement (transformation) of meaningful proposals by the mathematical apparatus. As a result of this formalization, a scheme of information flow in the process of process optimization is proposed. the model of realization of structure of technological process for which the basic input parameters are defined is developed: the list of parameters influencing process. The structure of the expert system for optimization of technological processes was also proposed, the methods of knowledge presentation were analyzed and the scheme of information flows during the implementation of this expert system was developed accordingly. Based on the considered and developed methods and mechanisms used for the development of technological processes, the structure of the information cloud decision support system for automation of the creation of optimized technological processes has been developed. Using the developed methods and models, as a result of the process of process optimization according to acceptable heuristic rules, it was possible to obtain a set of chains of separately optimized technological processes, from which multicriteria selection that meets the optimization requirements. The user of the system can receive in return both one card of technological process, and some best. Conclusions. The developed approaches to the optimization of technological processes were applied to solve the problem of optimization of the technological process of electric arc processing. First, the technological process of electric arc processing was formalized. After that, the formation of heuristic rules and knowledge base of the structure of the technological process of electric arc spraying and accordingly developed the structure of the knowledge base of this technological process and a diagram of the use of the developed information system in the form of cloud service.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ULTRASONIC NON-ABRASIVE SMOOTHING OF BEARING RINGS OF 1118-2902840 TYPE

One of the main trends of modern scientific and technological progress is the development and implementation of innovative high-tech technological processes. (Purpose of the study) The research purpose is in studying the process of ultrasonic smoothing of the raceways surfaces of the bearing 1118-2902840 type, allowing a deeper understanding of the kinematics of this process, and proposing a way to increase its resource and product quality in general. (Materials and methods) Scientific research and design ideas are constantly developing, with the study of new processing methods and the introduction of advanced technologies, the quality of ball bearing products is improving. As a result of the conducted experimental studies, there was revealed a significant influence of the force on the formation of the raceway radius. The radius of the raceway profile increases with increasing impact force. (Results and discussion) Bench tests were carried out on samples of bearings of 1118-2902840 type. The actual value of the dynamic load capacity was revealed, amounting to more than 55400 newton (more than 100 percent), the actual value of the adjusted bearing life with ninety percent reliability was more than 419 hours (124 percent). The company, while improving the quality of products, receives economic benefits from an increase in output and sales of products, an increase in the selling price, and a reduction in product defects. The article presents equations for calculating additional profit, the annual economic effect of improving product quality, and the absolute efficiency coefficient of capital investments. (Conclusions) In modern conditions of a market economy, the problem of improving the quality of products and ensuring their competitiveness for the countries of the Eurasian Economic Union is becoming the most urgent.

Педагогические условия практико-ориентированного обучения математике студентов естественно-научного профиля

The article reveals the methodology for the implementation of practice-oriented activities of students in the study of mathematics at a university. It is noted that at present, it is relevant to introduce pedagogical technologies into the educational process that ensure the achievement of students' personal educational results in the course of specially organized educational and cognitive activities. In this aspect, the work emphasizes that the creation of a practice-oriented educational environment of the university, as a pedagogical condition for the implementation of the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard, contributes to the introduction of new knowledge into the educational process that is significant for vocational training and the formation of practical experience of their use to solve problems not only in the professional field of activity.
 The relevance of practice-oriented learning lies in a significant increase in the effectiveness of training based on a system of selection of educational material that helps students assess the significance, practical relevance of acquired knowledge and skills.
 The demand for mathematical knowledge is beyond doubt, it is necessary in almost all areas related to the natural sciences, technical and engineering professions, and economics.
 The relevance of practice-oriented teaching of mathematics is increasing in the context of the dominance of the competence-based approach, which combines the intellectual and practical components of learning in education. Mathematics, by virtue of its specificity, the fundamental nature of the content, becomes the basis for the natural-mathematical training of future specialists. It is emphasized that in the digital era, which most vividly reflected the connection of mathematics with natural, technical and many other sciences, as well as growing high-tech processes, automation and robotization of production, it is important to ensure the advanced nature of the mathematical training of students at the university, including the natural sciences. In the context of the stated research topic, the problem field of research is determined, which consists in resolving the contradiction between the need for a scientifically grounded selection of the content of the mathematics course for students, identifying the methodological features of its teaching and the spontaneously developing practice of teaching mathematics to students of the natural sciences.

Change Character of Electric Conductive Properties of Weeds Plants Tissue at Electric Impulse Damage

Currently, in order to obtain pre-planned results and increase the efficiency of using existing technologies, electrotechnological operations are applied in the processes of agricultural production, food and processing industries, including those that implement the effects of high voltage impulses. One of such promising technologies in agriculture can be considered to be electric impulse weeding that is the fight against unwanted and weed vegetation. Such operation, which is carried out with high rates of technological efficiency, is environmentally friendly and refers to high-tech processes. For practical applications and technical implementations, it is necessary to study various properties and parameters of effected objects – weeds. The partial dependence of the electrical resistance of the plant tissue or the dispersion of resistance over the frequency of the measuring current was decided to be used as the studied characteristic. This approach allows to consider weeds not only as a load with which the electrical energy supply system is in contact but also to thoroughly study how this resistance changes during processing. The conducted experimental studies made it possible to clarify the nature of the change in resistance under the damage process to plant tissue, as well as to estimate the quantitative indicators of both the energy absorbed by the plant tissue and the ranges of variations of its resistance. The change character in the plant tissue resistance at the process of the electrical impulse damage remains unchanged, only the resistance value at low frequencies decreases. The total damage corresponds to the period of processing when the resistance of the plant tissue is practically equal at low and high frequencies. This behavior of the mentioned parameter is typical for internal and surface tissues of weeds, as well as for their root systems and leaf-stem parts. Theoretical verification of the change character in the plant tissue resistance of destroyed weeds confirmed the description of the proposed mechanism of change in resistance in the process of irreversible electrical impulse damage.

“Invisible” Pollution? Knowledge Gridlock in Regulatory Science on Electronics Toxics

“High-tech” provides a cachet of futuristic wonders to localities claiming cutting-edge technological research and industrial innovation. But the high-tech electronic manufacturing processes release hundreds of chemicals and are no doubt ridden with extremely high but hidden environmental health risks. This article aims to increase our understanding of “ignorance” about electronics hazards in the Asian context. It argues that the electronics industries have been under constant innovation, and novel uses of chemicals are introduced to the industrial operation at a much faster pace than the health and environmental assessment can work to comprehend the impacts of the chemicals. In such a context, regulatory science has often failed to effectively monitor and control toxic waste discharges in the high-tech electronics sector. Taking several high-tech pollution disputes in Taiwan as examples, and based on interviews with experts in pollution regulation, this paper discusses multiple constraints on scientific advance in studying toxics that are exacerbated by lagging regulations. These are further entangled with research resource limitations, privileging of high-tech industries in suppressing negative information about toxicity risks, and knowledge repression within the scientific community due to dependence on government and industry, all of which has crippled building knowledge for effective regulatory science–resulting in knowledge gridlock.