Higher Medical Education Research Articles

Аналіз результатів складання Єдиного державного кваліфікаційного іспиту КРОК 1 за спеціальністю «Педіатрія» як модернізація освітнього процесу вищої медичної освіти України

While implementing European integration processes in the educational space of Ukraine, medical higher education did not remain aloof. The main stage of quality control of higher medical education by means of information and communication technologies (ICT) was the reformatting of the license integrated exam Step 1 “General medical training”, which was taken by students of higher medical education in the specialties “Medicine”, “Medical psychology” and “Pediatrics” in Unified State Qualification Exam (USQE) STEP 1 (USQE STEP 1) separately for each specialty. Thus, unlike other European countries, since 2019, Ukraine has been training specialists in specialty “Pediatrics” at the stage of undergraduate training. Purpose - to conduct a comparative analysis of the results of the first stage of the USQE STEP 1 by applicants for higher medical education in the specialty 228 "Paediatrics" in Ukraine and the Bogomolets National Medical University. Materials and methods. Analytical references to the results of the first stage of the USQE Step 1, which are provided by the Testing Center at the Ministry of Health of Ukraine for the period from 2019 to 2021; the statistical significance of comparative indicators was proved using Fisher’s test, with a statistical error that corresponded to the specified value for ≤0.05. Results. During the period of remote and transitional forms of organization of the educational process in higher medical education (2019-2021), stabilization of education was achieved thanks to ICT tools: the overall success rate of applicants for specialty 228 “Pediatrics” in Ukraine increased by 3.0%. Effective adaptation measures have been taken to organize the educational process at Bogomolets National Medical University by means of ICT for applicants of specialty 228 “Pediatrics”: the overall success rate increased by 2.1% against the background of a 4% decrease in the national rate. Improvement of the methodological conditions of the organization of the educational process of training applicants of higher medical education in specialty 228 “Pediatrics” was proven by the methods of mathematical statistics. Conclusions. The obtained results prove the effectiveness of organizational forms of training in separate periods with the use of ICT tools with the use of mathematical statistics methods. The analysis of the main indicators made it possible to identify the conditions and factors affecting the results of the successful completion of the USQE STEP 1, which made it possible to implement ICT tools that contributed to increasing the efficiency of the educational process. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.

MPLEMENTATION OF CERTAIN METHODS OF PROBLEM-ORIENTED LEARNING IN THE PROCESS OF STUDYING MEDICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PHYSICS

Higher medical education is also facing new challenges of the healthcare system, which, in turn, require changes to the educational programs of both bachelor's and master's degrees. For all the diversity of modern medical school programs, they are united by a shift in emphasis from traditional didactic methods to problem-based learning. Problem-based methods are aimed at achieving learning goals through interdisciplinary interaction. The purpose of the study is to investigate the effectiveness of problem-based learning in the process of studying medical and biological physics at a medical institution of higher education.The study involved 70 second-level higher education students of Poltava State Medical University studying the discipline "Medical and Biological Physics". A set of exercises and questions based on the principles of problem-based learning was developed to organize preparation for practical classes and for independent work on individual topics. A 14-question questionnaire was developed to determine the level of satisfaction with the teaching of the discipline and the students' mastery of practice-oriented skills.In general, the respondents rated the benefits of using practice-oriented materials in the educational process by an average of 4.6 points, the experience of working with practice-oriented materials in the classroom by 4.8 points, and the previous experience of working with practice-oriented materials by 4.1 points. Students noted that classes in the discipline were well organized and relevant, contributed to the acquisition of practical skills (4.9 points); it was found that practical classes in medical and biological physics contributed to the understanding of the clinical aspects of the discipline by 4.5 points; the experience of working in practical classes in medical and biological physics influenced the interest in clinical disciplines b y a n a verage o f 3 .8 p oints. T he a nalysis o f o pen-ended questions revealed that students consider photo and video content, among other things, to be the most useful.

Признаки прогрессирования заболевания сетчатки глаза, используемые для повышения валидности системы поддержки принятия врачебных решений на основе искусственного интеллекта

Purpose is to determine the most significant diagnostic signs of retinal disease progression, which are used to increase the validity of the medical decision support system (mdSS) for describing oct images using the method of an expert survey. Material and methods. An expert analysis of the binary signs used in mdSS when describing the oct image of the macular area was carried out: each sign was assessed in terms of the development of the pathological process, the need for telemedicine consultation and (or) referral of patients to a medical organization. The expert method included a survey of 15 ophthalmologists with the necessary qualifications. the experts were asked to rank on a ten-point scale 123 binary signs used by mdSS to form a conclusion about the need for referral to an ophthalmological department for specialized medical care. Results and discussion. The conducted expert survey showed a similar understanding of the signs obtained in the description of retina oct image, which can be used as predictors of the deterioration of the clinical course of the disease in patients with a previously diagnosed diagnosis. If there are signs identified as predictors of the pathological process, mdSS offers to go to the portal «telemedical system of remote consultations of the federal and regional levels» (https://fcmk.minzdrav.gov.ru/), upload the received documents to receive advice on patient routing. Conclusion. The established list of diagnostic features allowed to increase the validity of mdSS in terms of substantiating the conclusion about the need to refer the patient for a consultation with an ophthalmologist to resolve the issue of providing timely specialized medical care. this mdSS can be used as an information service in the work of specialists with higher medical education, a certificate of a medical specialist in the field of «ophthalmology», helps to structure data when uploading to an existing portal of telemedicine consultations. Keywords: retinal diseases, OCT, medical decision support system, signs of disease progression

First Experience of Conducting the “Expert In Medical Simulation Training” Course

The use of simulation teaching methods in secondary and higher medical education has become systematic in recent years. Along with the rapid and massive spread of new educational methods, inevitable natural problems arise, such as a lack of qualified personnel, especially management. To solve this problem, a unique “Medical Simulation Training Expert” course was developed and first implemented in 2022-2023.

Assessment of Readiness of Students to Pass the Practical Skills Exam of the Second Stage of Primary Accreditation of Specialists with Higher Medical Education in the Specialty "Pediatrics" (Station "Emergency Medical Care")

One of the key stages in the primary accreditation of students of medical universities in the specialty "Pediatrics" is the stage of passing practical skills at accreditation stations, which is aimed at assessing the development of competencies corresponding to labor functions, determined by the professional standard of a district pediatrician. One of these stations is the station "Emergency Medical Care", during the development of which the accredited person must develop the skills for providing emergency medical care in an outpatient setting

Continuity of Ideas and Generations. Historical Facts About the Activities of the Sheremetev Hospital (for the 100th Anniversary of the N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine)

BACKGROUND The activities of the Hospice House established by Count N.P. Sheremetev and opened on June 28, 1810, pursued a noble goal to help the suffering, sick and low-income people. However, this intention alone was not enough, and N.P. Sheremetev took care to really ensure the stable work of the Hospice House, providing for both its publicity and reliable state protection.MATERIAL AND RESEARCH METHODS Annual financial statements of the Hospice Board of Trustees for 1862–1866, 1868, 1871, 1872 and 1902 were introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. To prepare the article, archival material was used, including 6 sources, as well as rare publications dated 1859–1927. Research methods: historical-genetic, comparative-historical, problem-chronological and systemic.RESULTS The analysis of the activities of the Sheremetev hospital for 1810–1909 showed that funds were enlarged regularly with increasing amounts from its budget for the treatment of patients, which number was maximum in 1865 (1,798 people), and the lowest in 1814 (127 people).The personnel of the Sheremetev Hospital took an active part in all major military operations with the participation of Russia (the creation of sanitary detachments to provide assistance to the wounded and sick in combat areas, as well as additional beds located on the territory of the hospital itself).The Sheremetev Hospital played an important role in higher medical education in Russia, becoming the clinical base of the Moscow Medical and Surgical Academy, and later of the Faculty of Medicine of Moscow University; many of its employees were teachers of these educational institutions. The high level of teaching was also ensured by equipping the hospital with modern medical devices and the active introduction of the latest medical achievements into its work.On the initiative of chief doctor A.T. Tarasenkov, a department for incoming patients was organized as an independent structure for the first time in Russia. It provided assistance to 175–200 patients per day. The department became the prototype of a comprehensive outpatient network that was subsequently created in our country.The high prestige of the hospital was brought by the activities of its main doctors and operators, tirelessly working to improve the organizational and medical aspects of the provision of qualified medical care.The final period of the hospital’s activity (1910–1923) until the October Revolution was characterized by the greatest volume of medical work, which subsequently decreased dramatically due to financial difficulties. Since 1919, the hospital functioned as a state institution, and also became the base for the revival of the ambulance service in Moscow.CONCLUSION A review of the activities of the Sheremetev Hospital indicates that the organization of emergency medical care for the population of Moscow, pedagogic work, participation in the treatment of the wounded patients, high surgical activity and versatility were the foundation on which its work was widely developed. It is no coincidence that this particular hospital was reorganized in 1923 into the N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Acute Care (since 1944 — N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine).Economic difficulties and political storms could not destroy what was created at the Sheremetev hospital and was the moral and material basis for the further 100 years of successful activity of the institute.

The telemedicine and digital technologies in education programs of training medical personnel of higher qualification

The article considers application of telemedicine and digital technologies in educational programs of training medical personnel in residency and graduate school for the Russian health care system. The possibilities of telemedicine and digital technologies that currently are in use for remote medical care, consultations of medical workers by qualified medical specialists and for training and re-training of medical personnel are investigated. The key topics of modern health care are improvement of system of training medical manpower, personalization of medical care in health care, individualization of professional orientation in the process of continuing medical education and current methods of information environment management in health care sector. The conclusion is made that owing to new technologies,such innovations as telemedicine, artificial intelligence, medical decision-making systems, remote platforms of patient health monitoring and other modern inventions are implemented into health care. The purpose of the study is to examine impact of transformational processes in higher medical education in epoch of digitization.

How can primary care be secured in the long term? – a qualitative study from the perspective of general practitioners in Germany

BackgroundSecuring primary care is an important issue for health policy. Given a threatened shortage of GPs in Germany, there are discussions about what actions to take to guarantee primary care.ObjectivesThe aim was to obtain opinions of German GPs towards (a) the status quo and development of primary care, (b) favoured actions to secure it and (c) assessment of the actions taken.MethodsIn 2021 and 2022, 96 semi-structured interviews (criterion sampling) amongst GPs were conducted in all German federal states (41 face-to-face, 32 by telephone, 23 via telecommunication application). The data was analysed according to qualitative content analysis. Additionally, a short questionnaire recorded the problem of GP shortage.ResultsMany interviewees fear a veritable shortage of GPs in the future. They identify structural problems linked to the health care system. The interviewees suggested creating a primary care physician system or upgrading the GP position. They proposed greater support of interests about general practice in education and training, a restructuring of curricula and admissions criteria in higher medical education and reforming GP training. Building up multi-professional outpatient care centres and strengthening task shifting are valuable. The interviewees have observed progress in ensuring primary care but see a need for further action.ConclusionThe study has shown that GPs, from their perspective and experience, make specific suggestions to ensure primary care in the long term. Consequently, it is advisable to consider their points of view when planning, implementing and adjusting steps to strengthen primary care.

DEVELOPMENT OF MEDIA LITERACY AND COMMUNICATION SKILLS BY MEANS OF DIGITAL STORYTELLING IN JAPAN

The research substantiates Japanese experience of media literacy and oral communication skills development by digital storytelling (DST); reveals theoretical background and current practical application of DST in higher education of Japan. DST has significant advantages as an individual- and situation-oriented tool of oral communication as well as the instrument of psychological and learning influence on society. It is continuously implemented into Japanese educational and social practice. Famous universities of Japan initiate and realize scientific and academic projects, extending communication connections of Japanese population, improving their skills of critical thinking and argumentation, developing desires and abilities to communicate freely, fluently, confidently and persuasively. At present DST shows a positive growing tendency as a teaching and learning tool in higher education of both Japan and Ukraine. This is primarily linked with the global processes of social digitalization, computerization of education and urgent transferring to distance learning due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Evidence-based studies prove the efficacy of DST as the learning and evaluation instrument of oral communication skills, i. e. in English. Moreover, the technology can be applied in different specialties, i. e. medical one. The healthcare branch was drastically influenced by quarantine restrictions, having resulted in fundamental transformations of teaching and learning approaches, implementation of e-learning and telemedicine. DST has a confirmed positive influence on public health and medical knowledge development. In higher medical education it can be used as a new type of virtual patients. DST can improve physician-patient communication skills, professional qualities, tolerance and empathy. Our research confirms the potential of DST as a powerful developmental tool of media literacy and oral communication skills, and proves the requirement for the implementation of Japanese experience into higher education of Ukraine.

Patient-oriented linguo-professional training of medical students

Introduction. Patient-oriented communicative interaction in medicine is studied in various sciences, however, teaching appropriate communication in a medical university is impossible without taking into account its verbal specifics due to the high linguistic activity of the medical profession. Patient-oriented communication skills should be systematically formed in linguo-professional training, which disciplines and topics require clarification. The purpose of the study: to determine a set of disciplines and topics for patient-oriented linguo-professional training of medical students and to identify their demand among students and teachers of higher medical education (HME). Research methods: study of scientific and educational literature, reflecting the communicative aspects of the professional activities of physicians; questionnaire survey (174 teachers and 766 students of the Siberian State Medical University (Russia, Tomsk), ranking the subjects of patient-oriented linguoprofessional training according to their demand among students and teachers of the HME, summarizing the results of the study Research results. It is substantiated that the patient-oriented linguo-professional training of physicians should: 1) act as a significant component of their university training; 2) promote the development of professional and communicative (linguo-professional) competence for the implementation of effective verbal communication in professional activities in the dyad “doctor – patient”; 3) be based on the principles of the anthropological approach, the ideology of patient-orientation in medicine. The 16 most relevant topics for this training were identified, among which the topics related to speech etiquette in the communication of a doctor, his communication tasks, rules and techniques of conflict-free communication are especially in demand among students and teachers of the HME. Priority methods and technologies for teaching communication with patients have been identified: conversations, situational tasks, active listening, dialogue communication, giving examples, simulation technologies. Conclusion. The achievements of linguistic research in medical communication and the principles of a patient-oriented approach should be taken into account in the linguo-professional training of physicians. Its implementation is possible through the complementarity of the content of linguistic and non-linguistic disciplines or a single discipline for teaching patient-oriented communication.

Digital education hubs in medical higher education: Ukraine and the EU perspectives

The digital hub for the medical university is the embodiment of a synergetic model of the educational system. It is an educational and me-thodical arsenal forms the content of the digital hubs. It is also an organiza-tional model that focuses on the use of information and communication technologies. The purpose of this scientific research is to examine two fun-damental elements of the digital hub in medical education: logistics and teaching. The methodology of comparative analysis that is used is closely re-lated to the synergetic principles of the modern scientific paradigm. This way we can see different levels of effectiveness of digital educational hubs in Ukraine and Europe in the training of future medical professionals. The reason is significantly higher rates of integrative factors in European educational hubs, compared to Ukrainian counterparts. Thus, filing hubs make up the in-formation and digital space of Ukrainian higher medical education. European counterparts have already integrated the potential of the digital hub not only in the educational space but also in the clinical environment.

A Comparative Study on the Knowledge and Usage Assessment of the Over the Counter Medications among Students from Tikrit University

Introduction: Over the counter medicines are effective and safe remedies that can be usedwithout a prescription and their usage by students has been increased worldwide due to stressof exams and work pressure. Aim: To compare the knowledge and usage of these medicinesby students and to analyze the role of pharmacists in the practice of these drugs. Materialsand Methods: 450 students from 9 different colleges in Tikrit University were participated inthis cross sectional descriptive study. They were grouped into three groups; medical collegesgroup, scientific colleges group, and literary colleges group with 150 students in each group.Study was questionnaire based, and the results were analyzed by descriptive statisticalmethods. Results: Only 330 students were preferred to use these medications and thepreference was high among medical colleges' students. The remaining students wereexcluded. Popularity and adequate efficacy of these drugs were the main reasons for thepreference of these medications that were utilized in the treatment of minor conditions. Also57.6% of students were usually followed the pharmacist's advice regarding the appropriatechoice of preferred drug, while the remaining were followed physician's advice. Two thirds ofstudents received full instructions regarding the use of preferred drug from the pharmacist and52.1% of students were usually followed these instructions, while the remaining did not truston pharmacist's instruction and followed specific drug's leaflet instructions. Conclusions:Over the counter medicines were widely practiced among students and tended to be higher instudents with a higher medical education. Students had an adequate knowledge regardingsafety and efficacy of these medications. Pharmacists play key role in advising and educatingconsumers on the correct use of these drugs. However, they must improve their clinicalknowledge and skills.

Analysis of the effectiveness of the implementation of digital technologies in the educational process of medical HEIs: challenges, optimization

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the more intensive use of digital technologies in higher medical education. The purpose of the study was to analyze the effectiveness of the implementation of digital technologies in the educational process of Ukrainian medical universities, to identify the current challenges e-learning faces, and to propose potential ways of optimization. General scientific methods (for example analysis, synthesis) specific pedagogical methods (specification, abstraction, comparison forecasting) were used for the research. The results outline the main advantages of using digital technologies in the medical higher school system. Attention is also drawn to the main challenges that have a certain negative impact on the educational process. Among the latter, problems with the practical training of future doctors were noted since distance learning does not provide an opportunity to fully implement skills building component. The results also highlight possible ways to solve the problems of using digital technologies in medical higher education institutions. It is proposed to introduce to use not only distance learning technologies, but to combine them with the traditional approach and independent learning. It is emphasized about further studies, as empirical measurements of the effectiveness of distance education in the medical field. And, this effectivenessstill needs to be ultimately proven.

COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH TOWARD PROFESSIONAL ORIENTATION OF MEDICAL STUDENTS DURING THE COURSE OF MEDICAL BIOLOGY

The system of higher education and, in particular, medical education is facing the challenge not only to equip students with certain sum of knowledge, to preparing competent and competitive specialists, but to foster deep moral and ethical principles and the right perception of professional. Nowadays, higher medical education should not only provide high-quality training of globally competitive specialists, but teach the m to act as leaders in reforming the health care sector and implementing the social priorities of the state. Therefore, raising the quality of education at medical universities is a key task of lectures and clinical instructors. This requires constant improvement of the effectiveness in the organization and digitalization of the educational process, the implementation of scientific advances and technologies into teaching practice, ensuring the high professionalism of teachers, creating modern educational and methodological support for delivering disciplines of medical-biological and medical cycles. The training of a highly qualified specialist and the formation of the personality of a future doctor who will be able to perceive the necessary information, independently obtain and use it, and solve complex professional tasks is the main goal of the educational process at the Department of Biology. Therefore, at the very early stages of teaching the discipline, scientific and pedagogical staff of the department put a lot of effort to fostering students’ ability to analyze and systematize the theoretical knowledge, to create their own algorithms for solving situational and clinical problems, that is, they outline the professional direction of training and laying the foundations of clinical thinking. The department implements a comprehensive approach, which includes: publishing and revision of text-books, creating test banks, compiling sets of additional materials for assimilation of theoretical knowledge and practical skills in accordance with the curriculum, mastering professional terminology, solving situational tasks, and building up creative interaction between students and teachers.

The profession of psycho-oncologist in Poland as an example of inadequate legal regulation in the area of health care.

The profession of psycho-oncologist in Poland is not sufficiently regulated by law. The issue is further complicated by the fact that this profession has not been classified by the legislature in the group of medical professions, but only in the group of allied health professions. Currently, according to the Regulation of the Minister of Health on guaranteed services in the field of hospital treatment, a psycho-oncologist is a person with higher medical education, i.e. a graduate of a medical university, for example a doctor or a nurse, who has fulfilled the additional condition of completing postgraduate studies in psycho-oncology. It is thus clear that the legal definition of the profession of a psycho-oncologist remaining in force is inconsistent with the regulation of this profession in force since 2018, resulting from the announcement of the same minister in the Polish Qualifications Framework (PQF - Polska Rama Kwalifikacji, abbrev. PRK). This is because the PQF limits the group of persons who may obtain a qualification in the area of psycho-oncological diagnosis and treatment to psychologists and psychiatrists only, thus limiting the group of persons authorised to practise the profession of a psycho-oncologist. An additional legal problem results from significant differences in the nature of the professions of a medical doctor and psychologist, due to the fact that the Act on the Profession of a Psychologist does not apply in practice, despite remaining in force formally. Thus, a psychologist who practises the profession of a psycho-oncologist, might additionally be a subject to the lack of legal regulation of their "foundation profession", for example due to the fact that it is impossible for a psychologist to obtain a licence to practise their profession, as there is no body to grant them such a licence. Finally, it should not be overlooked that, in addition to the two contradictory regulations of the profession of a psycho-oncologist mentioned above (Regulation of the Minister of Health and the PQF), there also exists a third path to obtain the so-called psycho-oncologist certificate, awarded by the Polish Psycho-oncology Society (Polskie Towarzystwo Psychoonkologiczne - PTPO). At present, persons certified via this path, who include, apart from psychologists and doctors, also representatives of other professions, such as nurses or clergy employed in hospices, will in the majority of cases not be able to formally practise the profession, because the legislature has not provided for the recognition of certificates issued by the PTPO as equivalent to obtaining a psycho-oncological qualification in the context of the above-mentioned regulations.

“Science breathes only one air, the oxygen of facts”: On the 120th anniversary of the birth of Academician V.V. Parin

March 18, 2023, marks the 120th anniversary of the birth of Academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences and Academician of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences Vasilii Vasil’evich Parin (1903–1971), an outstanding scientist, one of the founders of space physiology and medicine, who made a great contribution to circulatory physiology, space cardiology, medical cybernetics, and in the field of practical astronautics, to medical support for the first human flights into space. His achievements as an organizer of medical science, national health care, and higher medical education are also significant. Careful preservation and development of the experience and knowledge accumulated by predecessors, implementation of innovative ideas, and transfer of scientific heritage to students and followers—this is how Academician V.V. Parin saw the connection between generations of scientists. In the history of world science, his name is rightfully present not only thanks to his pioneering research work but also through his lifelong demonstration of humanity, dedication, and devotion to spiritual and moral values.

Міждисциплінарна інтеграція ₋ головний чинник у розвитку клінічного та професійного мислення у студентів медичних закладів вищої освіти України

The purpose of the study was to reveal the essence of an integrated approach to teaching fundamental disciplines as a key factor in the professional training of medical students. Materials and methods. Analysis, generalization and systematization of scientific and methodological literature were used in the study. Results and discussion. Integration significantly changes the content and structure of modern scientific knowledge, intellectual and conceptual capabilities of certain sciences. It is the most important means of achieving the unity of knowledge in the content, structural, scientific, organizational, and pedagogical aspects. Integration in the fundamental fields arose on the background of differentiation of sciences and detailing of specialties, the growing amount of knowledge and requirements for it in each individual field. Integration between academic disciplines is aimed at deepening the interconnections between subjects and is a way to improve it. The interdisciplinary integration of basic disciplines in higher medical institutions provides for a unified approach of the teaching staff of different disciplines to solving common educational problems based on the generalization of knowledge by students. Histology, cytology, embryology and human anatomy as disciplines that study the structure and morphological variations of the human body are perceived from the viewpoint of modern science as the basis of medicine, physiology and pathology, which has been gradually formed since ancient times and up to the current day. Such a close relation between the micro- and macro-structure of the body is consistent and logical in the study of two fundamental disciplines, it becomes possible to transfer theoretical knowledge, practical skills and abilities from one discipline to another. Creating interdisciplinary connections contributes to deeper learning and repetition of previously studied material, and properly organized integration plays both an educational and an upbringing role. The interdisciplinary integration of two fundamental disciplines such as Histology, Cytology and Embryology with Human Anatomy is a necessary component of the training of a future doctor. The use of such interdisciplinary technologies for training a doctor allows to raise him/her to a qualitatively new level of clinical thinking, capable of solving the problems of medical practice in a comprehensive manner based on the wide integration of information from various disciplines. Conclusion. Interdisciplinary integration helps to increase the professional motivation of students in the first and second years of studies in higher medical education, deepens their knowledge in specialized disciplines, activates the cognitive activity of students, promotes the formation of their competencies and improves the quality of knowledge, skills and abilities

Integrating Innovation and Entrepreneurship into Medical Education: A Framework for Reform

This research paper delves into the subject of innovation and entrepreneurship in the field of medical education in China. It reviews relevant literature on education reform on medical innovation and entrepreneurship and identifies the challenges that higher medical education in China needs to address. These challenges include the integration of interdisciplinary knowledge, the need for in-depth integration of professional education with innovation and entrepreneurship education, the sustainable development of innovation and entrepreneurship education, and the lack of an innovation and entrepreneurship education management system. Additionally, the paper explores the current state of innovation and entrepreneurship education in the United States and highlights the importance of a teaching goal in medical innovation and entrepreneurship education. The study suggests that the United States' approach emphasizes participation rather than the result, which China can learn from. Furthermore, the paper analyzes three aspects: the lack of a system, the insufficient combination of professional education with innovation and entrepreneurship education, and the teaching management concept. The study proposes countermeasures to improve the construction of innovation and entrepreneurship integration systems, deepen the reform of medical courses, and innovate medical management mechanisms. The proposed strategies aim to provide references for the innovation and entrepreneurship education in Chinese medical colleges and universities based on the new medical science. Ultimately, this study provides valuable insights and recommendations for promoting innovation and entrepreneurship education in Chinese medical education.

Departments of operative surgery and regional anatomy are the significant Russian tradition in the higher medical education: history, problems, ways of decision

Departments of operative surgery and regional anatomy are the significant Russian tradition in the higher medical education: history, problems, ways of decision

Modern digital learning and simulation technologies in higher medical education: definitions, innovative potential

Digital and simulative learning technologies have become especially popular and are being implemented in medicine. Consequently, this article aims to investigate the main digital learning and simulation technologies that are used in higher medical education. For this purpose, general scientific methods of research were used: analysis and synthesis. Based on the predictive method, the possible ways of solving some problems in digital medical education were demonstrated. Of separate importance was the use of content analysis, based on which the basic information materials concerning this problem were investigated in detail. In the results peculiarities of interpretation of digital and simulative technologies were defined, the problem of using digital technologies in modern medical education was characterized, the significance of simulative technologies in the system of training of future medics was indicated, the main stages of simulative training were investigated. It is noted that the key stage of simulation training is debriefing, where the analysis of basic errors takes place. In the conclusion, it is noted that the combination of digital and simulation technologies contributes to the improvement of the educational process as a whole.