Heidenhain Pouch Dogs Research Articles

Potentiation of acid secretion in dogs

ARTICLESPotentiation of acid secretion in dogsAR CookeAR CookePublished Online:01 Apr 1969https://doi.org/10.1152/ajplegacy.1969.216.4.968MoreSectionsPDF (1 MB)Download PDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesGet permissionsTrack citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInWeChat Previous Back to Top Next Download PDF FiguresReferencesRelatedInformation Cited ByEffect of Isoprenaline on Bethanechol-Stimulated Gastric Acid Secretion and Mucosal Blood Flow in Dogs with Gastric Fistula19 February 2010 | Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, Vol. 17, No. 5Acid Secretory Responses to Histamine, Pentagastrin, and Feeding before and after Vagal Denervation of Fundic Pouches in Cats23 February 2010 | Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, Vol. 12, No. 3Potentiation by Carbachol and Aminophylline of Histamine- and db-cAMP-Induced Parietal Cell Activity in Isolated Gastric GlandsActa Physiologica Scandinavica, Vol. 99, No. 1Quantitative Histology of the Gastric Mucosa: Man, Dog, Cat, Guinea Pig, and FrogGastroenterology, Vol. 67, No. 6Duodenal Acidification: Role of First Part of Duodenum in Gastric Emptying and Secretion in DogsGastroenterology, Vol. 67, No. 1Augmentation of pentagastrin stimulated gastric secretion in the heidenhain pouch dog by amodiaquine: Inhibition of histamine methyltransferase in vivo?Agents and Actions, Vol. 3, No. 3Secretin and Cholecystokinin (CCK)Influence of cholinergic stimulation on gastric secretory response to histamine in ex vivo isolated canine stomachThe American Journal of Digestive Diseases, Vol. 17, No. 7Potentiation of Acid Output in Man by a Distention StimulusGastroenterology, Vol. 58, No. 5Gastroenterology in Australia, 1949-69.Postgraduate Medical Journal, Vol. 46, No. 534Gastric and Pancreatic Secretion in Response to Gastric Distention in DogsGastroenterology, Vol. 57, No. 3 More from this issue > Volume 216Issue 4April 1969Pages 968-973 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1969 by American Physiological Societyhttps://doi.org/10.1152/ajplegacy.1969.216.4.968PubMed4887279History Published online 1 April 1969 Published in print 1 April 1969 Metrics

Physiology of the secretion of acid, pepsin, sulfated polysaccharides and glycoproteins by the dog fundic mucosa.

The secretion of acid, pepsin, chondroitin sulfate and glycoproteins from mucus have been studied in four Heidenhain pouch dogs, under basal condition and during stimulation with histamine, a gastrin-

Studies on the gastrointestinal hormones. II. Gastric secretory effect and other pharmacological effects of synthetic tetragastrin

Gastric secretory effect and other pharmacological effect of tetragastrin, a synthetic gastrin-like substance, were examined. Tetragastrin did not show any severe acute toxicity in mice and rabbits, but showed respiratory stimulation, retching, and vomiting in dogs. The gastric secretion in Heidenhain pouch dogs was increased by the subcutaneous administration of tetragastrin and also increased in Schild rats by its subcutanous or intravenous administration. In chloralose anesthetized dogs, tetragastrin produced an increase in volume flow of bile and pancreatic juice, and stimulated the motility of stomach or pyloric sphincter.

Vagotomy-Pyloroplasty

VAGOTOMY combined with pyloroplasty has been found to be a useful operation in the treatment of chronic duodenal ulcer. The associated mortality and morbidity from this procedure are low. 1 The recurrence rate of ulcers following this procedure has also been reported as being low thus far. 2 L. R. Dragstedt, Sr., found that vagotomy caused a marked and persistent rise in pouch secretions in the Heidenhain pouch dog. 3 He also found that gastroenterostomy prior to vagotomy abolished this response. It was his feeling that vagotomy caused an increase in antral stimulation because of stasis resulting from the vagotomy. Others have reported similar results. 4 Since the Heidenhain pouch reflects mostly the antral or gastric phase of gastric secretion, most of the hypersection following vagotomy is felt to be due to antral stimulation. The intestinal phase has also been found to be augmented; however, this is to a much

Acid and pepsin responses to gastrin in Heidenhain pouch dogs following bilateral adrenalectomy.

Acid and pepsin responses to gastrin in Heidenhain pouch dogs following bilateral adrenalectomy.

Effect of acid in proximal and distal duodenal pouches on gastric secretory responses to gastrin and histamine.

AbstractIn Pavlov and Heidenhain pouch dogs intestinal pouches of the duodenal bulb and distal duodenum were isolated. Perfusion of the bulbar pouch with decinormal hydrochloric acid produced a pronounced inhibition of the secretory response to gastrin in both the Pavlov and the Heidenhain pouch group. Perfusion of the distal duodenal segment with acid did not significantly inhibit the secretary response to gastrin. Instead an increase of the acid output was often seen following acid perfusion of the distal segment. Secretory responses to histamine were not significantly inhibited following bulbar acidification. The results indicate that the pH‐sensitive inhibitory mechanism of the duodenom is mainly located in the duodenal bulb. The mechanism seems to be particularly effective in suppressing the gastric acid response to gastrin.

The Antidiuretic Hormone as an Inhibitor of Gastric Secretion

Male Heidenhain pouch dogs were used to evaluate the antidiuretic hormone as a physiological inhibitor of gastric acid secretion. The dogs were stimulated to a constant gastric secretion by food and 40-minute ADH infusions of different concentrations took place. The inhibition was expressed as a percentage and plotted against the dose of ADH. The physiological significance of these doses is discussed and evaluated against already published data on normal concentrations. In our experiments we found that 30 muU/kg min markedly influenced the gastric secretion, which means that this inhibition may well occur under physiological conditions.

Potassium in Gastric Juice under Non-Steady-State Conditions

In a Heidenhain pouch dog the K(+) concentration of the gastric juice was analyzed after continuous intravenous injections of histamine. The steady states of the secretion rates and the changing over from different steady states were studied. The old observation that the K(+) concentration is independent of the secretion rate in the steady state was confirmed, but it was also found that during an increase of the secretion rate the K(+) concentration in the juice showed a transient increase. In changing the secretion rate to a lower steady level the K(+) concentration showed a similar deviation in the opposite direction before returning to its steady-state level. It is suggested that this phenomenon is due to a loss and uptake of K(+) by the mucosa when stimulation is started or stopped.

Inhibition of Gastric Acid Secretion by Intravenous Cholecystokinin Extract

The rapid single intravenous injection of the cholecystokinin preparation Cecekin (Vitrum) was found to inhibit the responses of Heidenhain pouch dogs to stimulation by gastrin extract or synthetic gastrin-like penta-peptide at both submaximal and supramaximal dose rates, to histamine, to the stable cholinergic drug Amechol, and to feeding a meat meal. The pattern of inhibition suggested that the inhibitor effect was exerted in the region of the acid secreting cell. Pure cholecystokinin was capable of inhibiting the acid response of the Heidenhain pouch dogs to histamine. Although both pure secretin and pure cholecystokinin have now been demonstrated to be possible inhibitor agents arising from duodenal mucosa, it is likely that endogenous duodenal acidification releases a further as yet unidentified humoral inhibitor agent, or that secretin and/or cholecystokinin may act in collaboration with each other or a further inhibitor agent. In dogs with both a Heidenhain pouch and a simple fistula into the normally vagally innervated gastric remnant and in which antrectomy had been performed, a single rapid intravenous injection of the Cecekin had no effect on the Heidenhain pouch responses to the continuous intravenous infusion of histamine. The acid output from the main gastric remnant, however, was increased by the Cecekin injection. Several hypotheses to account for the difference in behaviour in the two preparations are discussed. The possibility is raised that Cecekin contains some gastrin-like activity.

Effect of Bilateral Adrenalectomy on Gastric Acid and Pepsin Secretion from Gastric Fistulas and Heidenhain Pouches in Dogs

Summary The effect on gastric secretion of bilateral adrenalectomy was studied in dogs with a vagally innervated gastric fistula and a vagally denervated Heidenhain pouch. Before adrenalectomy, maximal acid output from the gastric fistula was the same with stimulation by histamine or gastrin; bilateral adrenalectomy reduced maximal acid output to both of these stimulants by about 50%. Before adrenalectomy, maximal acid output from the Heidenhain pouch with stimulation by gastrin was about 50% of the value observed with histamine; bilateral adrenalectomy reduced the response to histamine by about 50% but did not change the response to gastrin, so that the maximal responses to these two stimulants were then about equal. Pepsin output from the gastric fistula in response to histamine or gastrin was not significantly altered by adrenalectomy. Hydrocortisone restored acid secretion to normal. In response to large doses of histamine, adrenalectomized animals collapsed. This collapse was due to severe hypotension.

Correlation between endocrine function and gastric secretion (II) influence of exogenous pepsinogen infusion upon pepsin secretion and urinary excretion of 17-OHCS in Pavlov-and Heidenhain pouch dogs

Correlation between endocrine function and gastric secretion (II) influence of exogenous pepsinogen infusion upon pepsin secretion and urinary excretion of 17-OHCS in Pavlov-and Heidenhain pouch dogs

Effect of Adrenalectomy and Glucocorticoids on the Secretion and Absorption of Hydrogen Ion

The effect of bilateral adrenalectomy on the secretion and absorption of acid in Heidenhain pouch dogs has been investigated. It was found that bilateral adrenalectomy significantly decreased the acid output to varying doses of histamine and did not alter the relation between hydrogen ion concentration and the volume rate of secretion. The absorption of acid by the gastric mucosa was not changed by adrenalectomy. Glucocorticoids but not mineralocorticoids restored secretion to normal levels. These experiments indicate that the impaired secretion of acid in response to histamine in adrenalectomized dogs is not attributable to increased leakage of secreted acid from lumen to blood.

The Effect of Antral Acidification on the Intestinal Phase of Gastric Secretion in the Heidenhain Pouch Dog

Nyhus, L. M., M. J. Rheault and L. S. Semb. The effect of antral acidification on the intestinal phase of gastric secretion in the Heidenhain pouch dog. Acta physiol. scand. 1965. 65. 11–19. — Five dogs were prepared with vagally denervated antral pouches and Heidenhain fundic pouches. As a stimulus for the intestinal phase of gastric secretion a test meal was given, consisting of 200 g strained beef liver. The acid response from the Heidenhain pouch was determined in each dog in half-hour samples for 4 hrs after the meal. In each dog, the following experiments were carried out: I: Test meal, no perfusion of antrum 25 expts. in 5 dogs II: Test meal, perfusion of antrum with 0.9 % saline 25 expts. in 5 dogs III: Test meal, perfusion of antrum with 0.1 N HCl 25 expts. in 5 dogs IV: No test meal, perfusion of antrum with 0.9 % saline 10 expts. in 4 dogs There was a highly significant greater average acid response to the test meal when the antrum was perfused with saline (II) as compared to the response when the antrum was acidified (III) (p = 0.00004) or not perfused at all (I) (O = 0.008). There was, however, no significant difference in the average acid outputs of expts. I and III (p = 0.059) in 4 dogs, the fifth showed a greater output (p = 0.040) when thc antrum was acidified. When no test meal was fed to the dogs, and the antrum perfused with saline, there was a release of endogenous gastrin from the antrum, as indicated by a measureable secretion from the Heidenhain pouches. The results are discussed, and the conclusion is drawn that the results do not support the presence of an antral chalone, but seem to support the theory that antral acidification has an inhibitory effect on release of gastrin.

PYLORIC EFFECTS ON GASTRIC SECRETION AND EMPTYING.

It was first demonstrated in 1952 that vagotomy to the stomach of a Heidenhain pouch dog caused a significant increase in acid secretion from the pouch. 4,9 The chief cause of this phenomenon is felt to be due to excessive antral stimulation which results in an increased liberation of gastrin. Excessive gastrin, in turn, causes hypersecretion of acid. The excessive antral stimulation has been explained in two ways. One is that vagotomy causes antral stasis with decreased gastric emptying leading to increased physical and chemical stimulation of the antrum. 3 The other cause is ascribed to decreased acid inhibition of the antrum resulting from vagotomy to the main stomach. 4 Other factors might play a role in the causation of excessive antral stimulation following vagotomy. Since the pylorus occupies a unique location at the exit of the stomach, it has been incriminated as a governing factor in gastric evacuation. The

The Vagal Nerve and the Intestinal Phase of Gastric Secretion

Summary In Heidenhain pouch dogs with selective vagotomy, total gastrectomy (aside from the pouch), and esophagoduodenostomy, the output of acid from the pouch was increased after total abdominal vagal denervation as compared to when abdominal vagal innervation was intact.

EFFECTS OF ADRENALINE INJECTED INTO THE HYPOTHALAMUS AND HYPOPHYSIS ON GASTRIC SECRETION

Intraventricular administration of 25μg/kg of adrenaline induced consistently a delayed rise in gastric pepsin output in the Heidenhain pouch dog, wich is referable due to the release of ACTH. This response was blocked by pituitary stalk section and also significantly suppressed in pepsin output by electrolytic lesions placed in the median eminence and posterior hypothalamic regions.Ten μg/kg of adrenaline injected into the median eminence and posterior hypothalamic regions. caused a significant increase in gastric pepsin secretion, while the same dose of adrenaline injected into the anterior hypothalamic regions failed to do. An intrahypophysial injection of 25μg/kg of adrenaline, either into the anterior or the posterior lobe, proved ineffective.An intracarotid injection of 100μg/kg of adrenaline had no stimulatory effects on gastric secretion.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ATROPHY OF THE PANCREAS AND GASTRIC SECRETION: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY.

1. The finding that complete obstruction of pancreatic ducts is followed by increased daily secretion of hydrochloric acid from Heidenhain pouches in dogs was confirmed.

Gastric secretogogues in postprandial thoracic duct lymph.

Fasting and postprandial thoracic duct lymph was collected from Heidenhain pouch dogs. When autogenous lymph was returned intravenously, postprandial samples stimulated pouch acid output, whereas fasting ones did not. The gastric secretogogues were more active in lymph collected 2–4 hr postprandially than 0–2 hr. After ultracentrifugal separation, both fatty and clear fractions of postprandial lymph contained gastric secretogogues. These stimulatory factors were not present in either clear or fatty fractions of lymph after antrectomy. Histamine was not the gastric secretogogue involved here. The gastric secretogogue present in postprandial lymph may be antral gastrin.

Failure of secretin or duodenal acidification to inhibit ethanolinduced HCl secretion by Heidenhain pouches.

ConclusionNeither secretin (Vitrum) nor acidification of the duodenum is an effective inhibitor of the gastric secretory response of Heidenhain pouches in dogs to ethanol given intragastrically.

Inhibition of Gastric Secretion by Extracts Containing Gastrin

Summary A method is described for preparation of extracts containing gastrin from mucosa of the pyloric gland area of the stomach of hogs. These extracts stimulated secretion of acid from Heidenhain pouches in dogs when given by continuous intravenous injection in the dose range 2.5 to 40 gm. per hour (dose of gastrin expressed as wet weight of mucosa from which extract was derived). When given as single rapid intravenous injections to dogs secreting in response to continuous injection of gastrin extract or of histamine, these same extracts caused marked inhibition of secretion of acid. Inhibition of acid secretion was not associated with retching, vomiting, rise in rectal temperature, or fall in blood pressure. Doses as low as 6 gm. given as a rapid intravenous injection produced inhibition. Inhibition began within 15 minutes, reached a maximum of 80 to 90 per cent in 30 to 45 minutes and subsided in 2 to 3 hours. Extracts prepared by the same method from mucosa of the fundic gland area, duodenum, ileum, and colon, or from pancreas produced little or no inhibition of acid secretion. It cannot yet be determined whether the stimulatory and inhibitory actions of these extracts are caused by the same or different constituents, but reasons are given for favoring the view that they are the same.