Harmonious Physical Development Research Articles

Особенности развития двигательных способностей школьников 8–11 классов

The problems of modernization of Russian education pose new requirements for the physical education organization in secondary schools, and are aimed at finding new approaches, concepts, and technologies for the physical education of the young generation. The real volume of motor activity of middle and high school students does not provide full and harmonious physical development and strengthening the health of the growing generation. In this regard, a major prob-lem of today is the low level of physical preparation of secondary schools students. A significant decrease in moving activity explains the low level of physical qualities manifestation, including the strength capabilities of school students and flexibility. A mandatory and integral component of physical education lessons at school is the measurement of the level of physical fitness of school students. To this end, testing is conducted that determines the dynamics of the physical fitness of students and the process of physical education effectiveness in general. The theme of the revival of the All-Russian physical education and sports Ready for Labour and Defence complex is also relevant among school students, as it includes the normative basis for physical education, and is considered as an aspect of determining the level of physical fitness of school students. We present the results of exercises on flexibility and strength performed by 8–11 grade school students. We reveal relevant issues of accordance of physical fitness level of school students with the regulatory requirements of the All-Russian physical education and sports complex “Ready for Labour and Defence”.

Istorijske osobenosti nastanka olimpijskog usmerenja fizičke kulture u Ukrajini

This article is devoted to the study of the historical prerequisites for the emergence of such a specific direction of mass physical culture as the self-Olympic movement in Ukraine, in particular, in Kiev, Lvov and Kharkov regions. Based on the results of the analysis of scientific literature, as well as the application of the historical review method, we came to the conclusion that in certain regions of Ukraine in the course of the historical process natural preconditions matured, contributing to the emergence and development of such a specific type of mass physical culture, such as the self-Olympic movement. As a result of studying statistical data accumulated over many years, it was found that in some regions of Ukraine there is a tendency to a gradual increase in the number of children suffering from certain chronic diseases or having certain deviations in their state of health. The use of standard physical training programs for such children is not advisable, since the development of these programs was carried out taking into account the capabilities of healthy children and their use for children with pathological changes in the body can contribute to the progression of their diseases, and in some cases lead to serious complications up to lethal outcome. Thus, it became obvious the need for scientific substantiation, development and use of special physical training programs for children with deviations in health status, aimed at achieving harmonious physical development of sick children, despite the presence of pathological changes in their body. One of the ways to solve this urgent problem was the birth of the so-called self-Olympic movement. The essence of this movement was that in conditions of special centers for self-Olympic education, organized on the basis of medical universities and universities of physical education and sport, medical specialists, as well as physical training instructors systematically conducted with sick children, during who used special complexes of physical exercises. These exercises were designed in such a way as not to aggravate the condition of the sick child and not to increase the risk of complications of the disease, but to help him achieve a state of harmonious physical development, despite the presence of pathological abnormalities in the body. During these activities, each child seeks to achieve the best indicators of their physical development. He seems to be competing not with other athletes, but with his own organism, trying to set his personal records in the fight against the disease. Therefore, this type of activity was called the self-Olympic movement.

Analysis of the physical development and somatotype of girls and females involved into dancing and gymnastic sports

Purpose: the comparative analysis of the physical development and somatotype of girls and females involved in dancing and gymnastic sports (acrobatic rock and roll, sports aerobics) Material: The study involved 45 girls and females. Group 1 - acrobatic rock and roll (n = 25, age - 13.00 ± 0.41 years); Group 2 - sports aerobics (n = 20, age - 19.70 ± 0.59 years). It was determined the length and body weight. It was evaluated the level and harmony of physical development. The bioimpedance method was applied to determine the composition of muscle and fat tissue, the level of visceral fat. It was evaluated the body mass index, water composition in the body. The results are evaluated by applying parametric and non-parametric statistical indicators. Results: the average level of physical development dominates in athletes. Its specific gravity is: group 1 - (64.00 ± 9.60)%; group 2 - (50 ± 11.18)%. Rather high prevalence of the level below the average: group 1 - (20.00 ± 8.00)%; group 2 - (25.00 ± 9.68)%. The proportion of athletes with harmonious development was: group 1 - (64.00 ± 9.60)%; group 2 - (50.00 ± 11.18)%. The disharmony of physical development due to overweight: group 1 - (20.00 ± 8.00)%; group 2 - (30.00 ± 10.25)%. The disharmony of development due to underweight: group 1 - (16.00 ± 7.33)%; group 2 - (20.00 ± 8.94)%. The average values of fat tissue reflect its normal composition in both groups. In group 1, was determined the normal for the age fat composition in (52.00 ± 9.99)%; low level of fat had (48.00 ± 9.99)%. In group 2, the normal fat composition was found in (75.00 ± 9.68)%. The increased fat composition was (15.00 ± 7.98)% of female athletes. The reduced fat composition was (10.00 ± 7.61)% of female athletes. The level of visceral fat in athletes of group 2 was within the age norm. Female athletes of group 1 were characterized by virtually no visceral fat. The specific gravity of muscle tissue in all athletes was above the average for this age group. Group water composition in both groups was average. Conclusions: Most athletes have an average harmonious physical development. Deviations of physical development are most often associated with underweight. It is determined the increase in the composition of muscle mass above the average age standards for all female athletes. The composition of fat tissue in 52% of female athletes of the younger group corresponded to the average value. The rest of the athletes had a fat composition below normal. In the older group: 75% of athletes had an average fat composition; 15% of athletes had a reduced fat composition; 10% of athletes had a high fat composition. It was determined the significant differences between groups. The female athletes of group 1 had smaller values of body length, body weight, the specific gravity of fat tissue and visceral fat, body water composition, and body mass index. Females of group 1 had a big specific gravity of muscle tissue. The application of the bioimpedance method has significantly expanded the data obtained in the analysis of anthropometric indicators and indices. This method can be recommended for monitoring the functional condition of athletes dancing and gymnastic sports.

THE IMPORTANCE OF PHYSICAL CULTURE IN EDUCATION OF STUDENTS

Introduction: physical health of a person is a natural state of an organism caused by normal functioning of all its organs and systems. It is an invaluable asset for the entire community.Training sessions in the discipline "Elective courses in physical culture and sports" in high school prepare students for life and contribute to his harmonious physical development. They train the body, make health stronger, improve physical qualities, abilities and skills, thereby, improve physical fitness and sports achievements; create favorable conditions for a long and active life.In addition, they contribute to the education of such necessary moral personality traits as morality, aesthetics, hard work, and also forms intellectual development.All this is necessary for future specialists in their professional work in the field of education, medicine, law, agriculture, military Affairs, etc. Therefore, physical culture and sports is a special complex social phenomenon, which is not limited to the solution of physical development, and implements all kinds of social activities of society, shows its health, cultural importance both in social life and in the system of education, education and recreation.The purpose of the scientific article is to determine the problems of physical education in higher educational institutions, as well as, on the basis of the results of the sociological survey of students of leading universities of Ulan-Ude to determine the attitude to the discipline "Elective courses in physical culture and sports" in high school and to physical culture in general.Materials and methods: the paper uses the main methods used in the pedagogical and social sciences and humanities, first of all, analytical and systematic approaches, a secondary analysis of empirical research data. The study is based on the analysis of literature on the issues of interest to us and sociological survey of students.Results: the article reflects a number of problems that exist in the system of physical education, the causes of negative aspects – hypodynamia, hypokinesia, professional and domestic stress, nervous and physical overload. It is concluded that the influence of physical training and sports have a positive impact on physical fitness, performance, psychological stability and health in General. In addition, it is the prevention of so-called "sedentary diseases" and computer addiction. The attitude of students of higher educational institutions of Ulan-Ude to physical training and sports.Discussion and conclusions: today's society is deeply interested in ensuring that the younger generation is physically developed and healthy. The great influence of physical culture and sports on health, moral and volitional qualities and spiritual world of man is undeniable. Numerous studies and experience of the use of means and methods of physical culture and sports in the process of physical education in universities prove their effectiveness in the formation of students ' physical fitness, spiritual and moral education, contribute to successful socialization and professional self-determination, health, personal safety, which, in the end, contributes to the strengthening of the student, to increase the level of unification of the society to address issues of national security and further stable development of the state.

INFLUENCE OF INDIVIDUALLY-PSYCHOLOGICAL PROPERTIES AND SELECTED POTENTIALS ON THE ADAPTIVITY SYSTEM AS A TOTAL CONSTRUCTION OF ADAPTATION POTENTIAL

In psychological science there is a contradiction between the undeniable significance of the phenomenon of adaptive potential and the lack of a differential approach to its content and structure. In the context of this study, adaptive potential is considered as a complex of hierarchical parity system of adaptability, namely: internal-personality, behavioral adaptability, lack of maladaptation, personal social and psychological potential and competent adaptability. The article is devoted to the analysis of the results of the empirical study of the influence of individual-personality properties and individual potentials on the operationalized constructs of the system of adaptability as structural elements of the adaptive potential. Since intrapersonal adaptability reflects the harmonious combination of physical and mental resources of adaptive behavior and a delicate balance between directed behavior and actual result of action, then the positive influence of the volitional potential in the form of a properly prescribed vector of volitional action with a sufficient level of ignition and energy will contribute to the successful adaptation of the subjects. The inner-personal component of the adaptation process is influenced by volitional actions with a sufficient level of energy, internal readiness for adaptation actions influenced by the ability of the researchers to solve their own internal problems and conflicts, harmonious physical development and honesty towards oneself. Influence on behavioral adaptability is determined by the presence of personality abilities, which implies the achievement of success in a particular area of activity.The personal potential of social and psychological adaptation is an important integrative characteristic of adaptive development and will be formed due to the extravector-sensory direction of the individual, independence in their own views and actions, initiative and ability to take responsibility for their own decisions, readiness for physical overload and internal tension, ability to assess their own disadvantages and benefits. The intuitive behavior with the international tilt will act as an unconscious guide for students on the path to successful adaptation. Prior to joining the activity and vigor to their own professional activities and life is altogether, optimistic about their own results and achievements. On the part of psychic properties, the influence of the internally-sensory setting on the formation and development of competent adaptability has been revealed, which will help increase the competence value of the investigated in solving problem situations and more successful adaptation processes. The overall process of adaptation as a competency component will be enhanced by these qualities, facilitating transients and assimilation in the new environment.

Contribution of harmonious physical development exercises to increase bio-motor process at preschool children

Abstract Introduction: A child turns into a well-defined personality after a long educational process based on a curriculum, a process that is the first step on a learning path. The kindergarten, as Florinda Golu states, is “the first institution that ensures an intense learning process through a methodic activity framed in a play, effort, and interrelation regimen. This leads to acquisitions and progress in the cognitive, affective and psychomotor fields of a pre-school child”. [6, pg.140] The aim of this paper is to amend the instructive and educational process at pre-school level by developing the psychomotor activities/physical education (PE) lessons through using the physical exercises as a main resort for a harmonious physical development. Materials and methods: The experiment took place at the P.P. no.9 Kindergarten during the 2015-2016 school year, and included 30 children from the upper preschool group, 17 girls and 13 boys, aged 5-6. The test used included the following: somatic evaluation and motricity evaluation. Results: After applying the motricity evaluation content proposed in the paper, and after the initial and final testing (five motricity tests), we were able to see an amendment in the indices we tested for, and through direct observation we detected a “self-overcoming” will power in the children. These aspects validate the proposed hypothesis. Conclusions: The progress was materialized in: number of repetitions, centimeters, and number of points scored – they further strengthened our determination that balanced physical development exercises at this age (5-6) have a positive influence on the correct posture of children, that they make up the basis of general movement, and that they enhance the values of motricity indexes.

Игровая деятельность учащихся младшего школьного возраста как средство повышения их физической подготовленности (на примере баскетбола)

The research considers the concept of activity and its types. Such activities as playing games and playing sports games are defined. Creating the environment for the harmonious physical development of students and involving them in regular playing different sports games are the pivotal tasks of the modern comprehensive school. Basketball subprogram for primary school students has been developed and proposed. It includes the theoretical and practical sections: basic knowledge, general physical preparedness, specific physical preparedness, approximate motor and physical preparedness indicators. The content, goals, objectives and instructions are presented for each section. The author proves that playing basketball at school help primary school students increase their physical fitness.

History of breastfeeding: what has been preventing the natural way to feed infants from ancient times to modern day?

Presently, there is solid evidence that breast-feeding is ideal for the nutrition, harmonious physical and psychosocial development of the infants. This postulate is confirmed not only by modern scientific data, but also by the entire history of humanity from ancient times. However, history also shows that at all times there were various factors besides medical ones that prevent the appropriate and widespread breastfeeding of infants. These factors were both religious and social, and even political; they changed from one era to another and from one nation to another, and unfortunately, take place in modern society. They often had a character of prejudice and reflected on the health state of both infants and their mothers. This article presents a historical overview of the factors preventing breastfeeding, which can help the paediatrician understand the current causes of the insufficient prevalence of natural feeding.

Developing children emotional intelligence through game and movement situational trening

This study refers to the socio-emotional, psychological and motor skills development in children. School must give more attention to the harmonious physical and mental development of children, especially at elementary school age when study and movement represent their main activities. Hypothesis: In this study we aim at demonstrating that increasing the dynamic games instructive-educational potential we can achieve children emotional intelligence development and better adjusting to the demands of the school and social environment. Results: Some educated, proficient and highly scoring children can’t manage to have friends, are not happy with their careers, and lives. What makes the difference is a certain development level of social, emotional psychological and movement skills. Conclusions: Social, emotional and motor development contribute heavily to future personal and professional achievements of children. Keywords: competence, emotional intelligence, development, education, school age.

Development of Coordination Capacities Through Dancing among Primary School Children

”Physical Education” is the subject that influences, during school, the harmonious physical development of children, endowing them with abilities, attitudes and knowledge that stimulate their social and creative approach with the social environment and allow them to continue their education (Cârstea, 1993;Cârstea, Tudor, Bota, Sasu, 1995).Dancing can be a set of pleasant and attractive means to make children develop harmoniously from the physical point of view, stimulating imagination, creativity and the need to express one's personality (Vișan, 1997; Nastase, 2011).Thus, any approach focused on the harmonious physical development of children, and particularly on the development of motor skills and qualities and especially on optimizing the coordination capacity is up-to-date and there is increased interest in this topic from the experts in the field.In order to achieve the proposed goals we used the following as research methods: the study of bibliographical specialty materials, the pedagogical observation, the test method, the experimental method, the statistical and mathematical methods and tabular and graphical representation.For the investigated group we selected and used dancing drills specific to the physical education classes of children from 3rd grade (9-10 years of age).The results obtained through the application of dancing drills meant to develop coordination capacities (the capacity to combine movements, the capacity to keep balance, spatial-temporal orientation capacity and the rhythmicity) of primary school children indicate that these skills can be successfully developed at the age of 9-10.After having used the selected acting systems, the final testing has demonstrated positive results in terms of the development of coordination capacity, the main conclusion being that dancing can meet the modern teaching requirements concerning the physical education of pupils, taking into account the particularities of the age and the level of their training.

Здоров’я та здоровий спосіб життя людини: погляди, думки, висновки

Актуальність. Провідною умовою реформування сучасної вітчизняної системи освіти є питання зміцнення здоров’я підростаючого покоління, формування здорового способу життя учнів, виховання культури здоров’я в молоді, адже тенденція до погіршення здоров’я українських дітей та учнівської молоді набуває масштабу загальнонаціональної проблеми. Актуальність вищезазначених положень підтверджено нормативно-правовою базою щодо освітньої галузі в Україні. Доцільно осягнути погляди та думки стародавніх філософів і педагогів щодо поняття здоров’я, їхню філософію здоров’я людини задля актуалізації раціональних ідей та їх залучення до розв’язання сучасних проблем у контексті концепції оздоровлення сучасного суспільства. Термін «здоров’я» не означає лише відсутність хвороби. Здоровою вважається людина, яка досягла самоусвідомлення й самореалізації, тобто внутрішньої гармонії. Мета статті – визначити наукові уявлення про поняття здоров’я, його складові частини. Методи дослідження – аналіз та узагальнення літературних джерел, системно-структурний аналіз. Результати роботи. Головна ідея численних робіт філософів, мудреців античності – кожна людина відповідає за власний порядок або хаос у її душі, сама створює добробут, благополуччя, здоров’я. Давньогрецькі та давньоримські філософи вперше порушили питання про особистісну відповідальність людини як за власне здоров’я, так і за здоров’я інших. Висновки. Здоровою може вважатися людина, яка відрізняється гармонійним фізичним і розумовим розвитком, добре адаптована до навколишнього фізичного й соціального середовища. Вона цілком реалізовує свої фізичні та розумові здібності, може пристосовуватися до змін у навколишньому середовищі, коли вони не виходять за межі норми, і робить свій внесок, співрозмірний з її здібностями, у добробут суспільства.

A comparative study regarding secondary school students’ satisfaction degree regarding the physical education class in Romanian and in Turkey

In order for physical education classes in school to achieve their goals in the training and development of pupils, they must participate with pleasure, convinced that physical exercise helps them maintain an optimal state of health, a harmonious physical and personality development. For these reasons, it is important to know how students appreciate the physical education classes, how attractive they are to them, and what are their views on how to improve teaching techniques. The survey was conducted during school year 2015-2016, in November for the school from Turkey, on a number of 100 respondents and in March, for the schools from Romania, on a number of 94 respondents. The self-designed questionnaire represents the most widely used method in quantitative sociological research. The self-designed questionnaire contained a total of 10 questions that followed: In the first 4 questions, it was followed the pupils’ opinion regarding the number of physical education classes in the school curriculum, the degree of satisfaction with the physical education classes in school, and the benefits that physical activity is believed to have. Questions 5-7 aimed at the rewards or sanctions received in the physical education class and the conflicts that may arise in the relationship between teacher and student. In both countries, physical education and sport require knowledge of all aspects associated with physical exercise, students’ willingness to exercise and practise a sport, the desire to engage in physical exercises and their awareness of the influence that physical education has on their health.

Contribution of harmonious physical development exercises to increase bio-motor process at preschool children

Abstract Introduction A child turns into a well-defined personality after a long educational process based on a curriculum, a process that is the first step on a learning path. The kindergarten, as Florinda Golu states, is “the first institution that ensures an intense learning process through a methodic activity framed in a play, effort, and interrelation regimen. This leads to acquisitions and progress in the cognitive, affective and psychomotor fields of a pre-school child”. The aim of this paper is to amend the instructive and educational process at pre-school level by developing the psychomotor activities/physical education (PE) lessons through using the physical exercises as a main resort for a harmonious physical development. Materials and methods The experiment took place at the P.P. no.9 Kindergarten during the 2015-2016 school year, and included 30 children from the upper preschool group, 17 girls and 13 boys, aged 5-6. The test used included the following: somatic evaluation and motricity evaluation. Conclusion After applying the motricity evaluation content proposed in the paper, and after the initial and final testing (five motricity tests), we were able to see an amendment in the indices we tested for, and through direct observation we detected a “self-overcoming” will power in the children. These aspects validate the proposed hypothesis. The progress was materialized in: number of repetitions, centimeters, and number of points scored – they further strengthened our determination that balanced physical development exercises at this age (5-6) have a positive influence on the correct posture of children, that they make up the basis of general movement, and that they enhance the values of motricity indexes.

Observational study regarding the spine deviations in frontal plane, in a school population

Physical deficiency represents deviations from the normal that lead to unbalances and disharmonious progress through morphofunctional disturbances. Various national studies show that most spine deviations are functional, representing deficient positions through supervision, correction of the position and physical therapy, which can regress, preventing an unfavorable progress and allowing a normal growth and a harmonious physical development. The purpose of this study is to spot and observe the spine deviations in the frontal plane, in a school population. For this, several subjective and objective methods were used. Based on the recorded results, it can be said that the number of children identified with these deviations is growing. Considering these facts, the authors of this study think that the teachers, the parents and the school physician should put more effort into the early prevention and correction. Keywords: Study, deviation, pupil, frontal plane.

Дистиреоз як фактор ризику формування вторинної аменореї у дівчат, які мешкають в умовах слабкого йододефіциту

The article highlights new data on the effect of thyroid dysfunction on the formation of secondary amenorrhea in adolescent girls who live for a long time in conditions of weak iodine deficiency. The objective: to determine the state of the thyroid system in girls with SA, taking into account the presence of thyroid disorders. Materials and methods. Under observation were 68 girls aged 14-17 years with SA, living in conditions of weak iodine deficiency in Kharkov and the Kharkov region. The examination provided for an ultrasound of the thyroid gland and determination of the functional state of the pituitary-thyroid system. Girls with SA entered the main group. Depending on the presence of thyreopathy, namely, diffuse non-toxic goiter (DNG), the patients of the main group were divided into two subgroups: 1-st subgroup consists of a girls with SA and normal thyroid volume (n=39); 2-nd subgroup consists of girls with SA and DNG (n=29). The control group included 78 female peers with normal thyroid volume, harmonious physical development and normal menstrual function. Results. The obtained results allowed to establish that the formation of SA in girls living in conditions of low iodine deficiency occurs against a background of thyroid dysfunction, the character of which differs in girls with normal thyroid gland volume and DNG. This can be regarded as a succession of stages of the pathological process when, in conditions of prolonged residence in regions with a mild iodine deficiency, a distearosis is formed which is characterized by an increase in the fT4 conversion in fT3, reflecting an increase in the fT3/fT4 ratio in the vast majority of the girls surveyed. These changes in the thyroid profile negatively affect the development of the reproductive system and can cause menstrual dysfunction even in the absence of thyroid disease. The conclusion. Prevention and treatment of SA in girls living in conditions of low iodine deficiency, provides long-term use of pharmacological drugs potassium iodide in age doses. Key words: girls, thyroid gland, thyroid status, secondary amenorrhea.

Особливості клінічних проявів ураження тканин пародонта у підлітків на тлі аліментарно-конституціонального ожиріння

The article presents the results of clinical examination of periodontal tissues in adolescents against the background of alimentary-constitutional obesity.The aim of the study – to investigate the features of the course of diseases of the periodontal tissue according to clinical indices in persons with alimentary-constitutional obesity.Materials and Methods. As a result of the survey, 95 adolescents aged 16–18 years old were included to study the features of the course of infl ammatory diseases of periodontal tissues in adolescents with alimentary-constitutional obesity 76 adolescents and 19 adolescents with harmonious physical development. To clarify the diagnosis, «excessive body weight» was determined by weight and height of the patient, and measured the circumference of the waist and hips. In the future, the body mass index (BMI) was calculated as the ratio of body weight in kg to square of growth in m2. Diagnosis of excess body weight was confi rmed with BMI less than 30kg/m2. The evaluation of the condition of periodontal tissues was carried out according to subjective and objective criteria (clinical parameters, index score). For the verifi cation of the pathological process in the periodontium, the classifi cation of M. F. Danilevskyi (1994) was used. The state of periodontal tissues was described using a traditional index score. Statistical processing of the results was carried out using commonly used methods of variation statistics with a help of personal computer using a statistical software package «Statistica 8.0» («Statsoft», USA). The probability level was estimated at 95 % (p<0.05) using Student’s t criterion.Conclusions. Consequently, the clinical indicators of the state of periodontal tissues in the context of alimentaryconstitutional obesity (Fedorov-Volodkin’s index, Green-Vermillion index, Sillness-Loe index, CPITN index) signifi cantly deteriorate compared with the corresponding indicators in the control group of adolescents without AKO, indicating the effect of alimentary-constitutional obesity on the clinical course, the severity and severity of theinfl ammatory process and the feasibility of timely and effective pharmacotherapy.

THE INFLUENCE OF VITAMIN D LEVELS ON ASTHMA CONTROL IN CHILDREN WHO ARE OVERWEIGHT OR OBESE

Вступ: Захворюваність бронхіальною астмою зростає з року в рік, дебютуючи у дитячому віці, вона супроводжує людину впродовж всього життя. Часто бронхіальна астма обтяжується супутньою патологією, що послаблює контроль над основним захворюванням, через що якість життя пацієнтів значно знижується. Друге місце за частотою серед супутніх астмі захворювань займають надмірна маса тіла та ожиріння. Ці патології мають спільні ланки патогенезу, таки як дефіцит вітаміну D.Мета: Вивчити вплив рівня вітаміну D3 сироватки крові на контроль бронхіальної астми у дітей з надлишковою масою тіла або ожирінням.Матеріали та методи: Проведено дослідження рівня вітаміну D в сироватці крові 60 дітей з бронхіальною астмою, частина з яких мала надмірну масу тіла або ожиріння. Група контролю склала 30 здорових дітей з гармонійним фізичним розвитком. Усім був проведений єдиний комплекс обстежень.Результати: Після обстеження було виявлено, що дефіцит вітаміну 25(ОН)D асоційований з рівнем контролю астми, а наявність надмірної маси тіла або ожиріння ще більш обтяжувало як дефіцитний стан так і рівень контролю бронхіальної астми.Висновки: Дефіцит вітаміну D помітно впливає на важкість бронхіальної астми особливо у дітей з надмірною масою тіла або ожирінням

Wkład Elizy Orzeszkowej w propagowanie kwestii kobiecej oraz kształtowanie dążeń edukacyjnych młodych Polek w II połowie XIX wieku

W II połowie XIX wieku na ziemiach polskich kwestia kobieca stała się ważnym tematem społecznym. Dotyczyła kobiet ze średnich warstw społecznych. Obejmowała zagadnienia kształcenia dziewcząt, przygotowania ich do działalności zarobkowej oraz znalezienia takich miejsc pracy, które będą odpowiednie dla kobiet i nie będą stanowiły konkurencji dla mężczyzn. Kwestie te poruszała również Eliza Orzeszkowa, znana pisarka i publicystka. Opowiadała się za gruntownym wykształceniem kobiet w kierunku odpowiadającym ich zdolnościom i zainteresowaniom. Domagała się reformy wychowania dziewcząt w rodzinie, a zwłaszcza zadbania o ich harmonijny rozwój fizyczny, umysłowy i moralny. Zwracała uwagę na popełniane przez rodziców błędy i wskazywała sposoby ich naprawienia. Przedstawiając w swoich powieściach i opowiadaniach losy kobiet, które zostały zmuszone przez warunki życiowe do podjęcia działalności zarobkowej, a nie posiadały do niej wymaganego przygotowania, podkreślała potrzebę zapewnienia każdej dziewczynie fachowego wykształcenia w wybranym przez nią kierunku. W tekstach publicystycznych wskazała cel oraz sposoby właściwego wychowania i kształcenia młodzieży żeńskiej. Wkład Elizy Orzeszkowej w propagowanie kwestii kobiecej oraz kształtowanie dążeń edukacyjnych młodych Polek w II połowie XIX wieku jest nie do przecenienia i dlatego stał się przedmiotem niniejszych rozważań.

Impact of physical-health-improving activities in out-school sections on the health level of pupils of 5–6 classes

The aim of research is to determine the influence of sectional training in health-improving running on the health level of pupils of the middle school age. 28 pupils of 5–6 classes took part in the research. The duration of pedagogical experiment was 8 months. The activities took place 5 times a week: physical training 3 times, according to the learning program for secondary educational institutions, and pupils visited the section of health-improving walking and running 2 times, during 45 min. The improvement of pupils’ physical health was observed in the process of activities. It was revealed, that under the influence of health-improving running activities there took places the harmonious physical development, the economy of cardio-vascular system of organism increased, pulse at rest decreased. The mood, cheerfulness and mental working capacity increased. The training in school section is a beginning of active life, good mood, health, study. The section of health-improving walking and running gives a possibility to compensate the motor activity in the structure of school children’s motor regime, help to avoid hypodynamia and diseases

CHARACTERISTICS OF CHIlDRENS’ PHYSICAl DEVElOPMENT IN YAMAlO-NENETS AUTONOMOUS OKRUG

Physical development is one of the indicators characterizing the health of children and reflects the risk factors of the impact of its infringement. The article presents the results of a comprehensive assessment of physical development of Nenets-children (7-17 years old) born and residing on the territory of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. It was found that in all age groups among boys and girls there is prevalence of persons with a harmonious physical development and normal weight. Difference from common patterns peculiar to this period of ontogenesis has been revealed, - "the first crossing of growth curves" in the Nenets-children was recorded at the age of 14 years. In (63,4 ± 4,9) % of surveyed vital capacity of lungs lags far behind the proper values. The value of life index in (86,1 ± 2,9) % of children indicates delay in a body capacity formation and in development of chest and back muscles. The suggestion about the adaptive nature of vital capacity reduction was made. Somato-typological analysis revealed among surveyed persons with asthenic somato-type. Thus, (59,8 ± 4,2) % of the Nenets-children have asthenic somato-type, (36,5 ± 4,1) % - normosthenic, (3,7 ± 1,6) % - hypersthenic somato-types. Comparative analysis showed that anthropometric indices of boys and girls under 14 years old had similar values. The research conducted demonstrates necessity to create regional tables of suite of metrics of physical development for ethnic groups of the population.