The literature review examines the main previously published and current regulatory documents regulating the work of women, lists harmful and dangerous factors characteristic of the work of drivers of freight, passenger and motor-car railway rolling stock. Railway transport refers to enterprises with a continuous technological process, a shift nature of work and work at night. Driving professions related to train traffic and shunting work are characterized by a high level of nervous and emotional tension. The modernization of modern production leads to a weakening of the adverse influence of factors of the production environment (physical, chemical), the severity of labour and an increase in nervous and emotional tension, hypodynamia and hypokinesia, work regimes. The work of a woman of reproductive age in harmful working conditions will inevitably affect not only her health, but also the child born to her. To solve the issue of the possibility of attracting women to work in railway transport as a machinist and assistant machinist of electric rolling stock of high-speed and high-speed traffic, comprehensive physiological and hygienic studies of the profession of a machinist and assistant machinist in railway transport from the point of view of the physiological and psychophysiological characteristics of the female body should be performed. The review provides state social guarantees for the protection of the health of working women, especially during pregnancy, proves the need for scientific justification of hygienic requirements that ensure the safe work of women in the profession of a machinist, as well as measures and requirements for the prevention of violations in the state of reproductive health. In preparing the review, the databases Scopus, Web of Science, Medline, The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Global Health, CyberLeninka, RSCI were used.