Harmful Habits Research Articles

Assessment of parental attitude, knowledge and awareness towards preventive dentistry in south zone of Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar: A questionnaire based cross sectional survey

Introduction: Oral health is a pivotal aspect of overall well-being. In early childhood, primary teeth play a vital role in development of speech, chewing, maintaining proper spacing, and guiding the eruption of permanent teeth. Common oral conditions comprise dental caries, malocclusion, childhood caries, and trauma. Aim: The present study was conducted to assess paternal knowledge towards the forestallment of oral conditions and application of preventive dental procedures in children in South zone of Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire was administered to parents of pediatric patients of age group 3 to12 years in South zone of Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar, Maharashtra, with a sample size of 270 participants. A structured questionnaire, comprising 14 questions in English, was developed, translated and back translated into the local language Marathi by experts to ensure better comprehension by the parents. The questionnaire was divided into two sections: the first focused on demographic information, while the second included 14 multiple-choice, close-ended questions. These questions included topics such as preventive treatments for dental caries, childhood caries, topical fluoride application, fluoridated toothpaste, pit and fissure sealants, habit-breaking dental appliances, malocclusion, mouth guards, and space maintainers. Additionally, the survey addressed harmful habits such as thumb-sucking, tongue-thrusting, and nail-biting. Result: 56.6% of parents sought dental care only after experiencing pain. Additionally, parents of paediatric patients have restricted knowledge about preventive dentistry. Conclusion: Parental knowledge about preventive dental procedures is limited, as is the utilization of these measures.

Formation of a healthy lifestyle of high school students using the «Fitness Mix» means

The article analyzes the importance of developing a healthy lifestyle among high school girls and the role of the "Fitness Mix" methodology in this process. The study explores the use of "Fitness Mix" as an innovative tool for enhancing physical activity levels, improving performance, and promoting overall health among adolescents. It emphasizes how combining different types of physical activities, such as aerobics, strength training, and stretching, can be integrated into physical education classes to achieve comprehensive results. In addition to physical exercises, the article highlights the importance of the theoretical component, which includes principles of healthy eating, regular sleep and rest routines, prevention of harmful habits, and maintaining mental health. Special attention is given to the analysis of scientific research and practical examples that confirm the effectiveness of using fitness technologies in schools. Alternatives to traditional modular physical education programs are discussed, broadening the opportunities for educating and developing adolescents. The study emphasizes the need to consider individual student characteristics when designing exercise programs, ensuring optimal results and maintaining motivation for regular physical activity. The article also provides recommendations for educators and trainers on implementing «Fitness Mix» into the school curriculum to promote the development of sustainable healthy lifestyle habits among youth. A range of examples is analyzed regarding the combination of different types of physical activity, specifically aerobics, strength exercises, stretching, etc., with an additional focus on important aspects such as healthy eating principles, sleep and rest routines, prevention of harmful habits, and mental health preservation. The importance of considering the individual characteristics of students when designing exercise programs is underscored.

OBESIDADE INFANTIL: FISIOPATOLOGIA E CONSEQUÊNCIAS NA VIDA ADULTA

Introduction: excess weight is due to the abnormally high accumulation of adipose tissue, which results from a caloric surplus through the influence of multiple causal factors, highlighting a sedentary lifestyle and harmful dietary habits. Methodology: study consists of an integrative review of scientific literature, based on previous studies and literary sources, with the bibliographic survey carried out on the Scientific Electronic Library Online portal. Discussion: addresses aspects of childhood obesity, including etiology, clinical picture and diagnosis; with an emphasis on pathophysiology, impacts of childhood obesity in adulthood and management of the disease. Final considerations: considered one of the main epidemics of the 21st century; In this context, childhood obesity stands out, responsible for promoting changes in adipocyte hyperplasia and generating a harmful inheritance for the individual, associated with the repercussions that clinical intervention has in order to prevent and treat excess weight and its respective comorbidities.

Association between exposure to air pollution and increased ischaemic stroke incidence: a retrospective population-based cohort study (EP-PARTICLES study)

Abstract Aims Short-term effects of Polish smog, particularly benzo(alpha)pyrene [B(a)P], are unclear. We aimed to examine the association between short-term exposure to air pollution and ischaemic stroke (IS) incidence. Methods and results We conducted a retrospective population-based cohort study including an EP-PARTICLES cohort of 8 million inhabitants in the years 2011–20 (80 million person-years of observation). Individual clinical data on emergency hospitalizations due to IS (ICD-10: I63.X) was analysed. We used quasi-Poisson models to examine municipality-specific associations between air pollutants and IS, considering various covariates. We recorded 146 262 cases of IS with a dominance of females (51.8%) and people over 65 years old (77.6%). In the overall population, exposure to PM2.5, NO2, B(a)P, and SO2 increased the risk of IS onset on the day of exposure by 2.4, 1, 0.8, and 0.6%, respectively. Age and sex were modifying variables for PM2.5, NO2, and B(a)P exposure with more pronounced effects in non-elderly individuals and women (all Pinteraction < 0.001). Residents of regions with high tobacco and alcohol consumption were more sensitive to the effects of PM2.5 and SO2. The slopes of response–effect curves were non-linear and steeper at lower concentrations. Conclusion Exposure to air pollution may be associated with higher IS incidence, particularly posing a higher risk to non-elderly women. Harmful lifestyle habits might exacerbate its impact. Exposure to even low levels of air pollutants had negative effects. Registration The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05198492).

Oral issues and childhood stress in eight-to-ten-year-old schoolchildren: a case-control study.

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether oral problems, harmful oral habits, and sociodemographic factors are associated with the occurrence of stress in schoolchildren. A case-control study nested within a cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 375 schoolchildren eight to ten years of age in the city of Diamantina, Brazil. The case group (with childhood stress) and control group (without childhood stress) were matched for age and sex at a 1:4 ratio (75 cases to 300 controls). Data collection involved the self-administration of a questionnaire by parents/caregivers addressing sociodemographic characteristics and the child's history of harmful oral habits. The children answered the Child Stress Scale (CSS) and underwent a clinical oral examination to determine the presence/absence of dental caries, malocclusion, and traumatic dental injuries. Data analysis involved the calculation of frequencies, the chi-square test, and conditional logistic regression (95% CI; p ≤ 0.05). The final adjusted conditional logistic regression model showed that dental caries (OR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.01 - 3.14, p = 0.044) and biting objects (OR = 1.81, 95% CI: 1.02 - 3.22, p = 0.041) remained associated with stress in the schoolchildren analysed. The present results showed that children with dental caries and the habit of biting objects were more likely to have childhood stress. The study allows paediatric dentists to expand their knowledge with regards to the influence of oral problems and harmful habits on the occurrence of childhood stress and serves as a guide for decision-making related to oral problems in schoolchildren.

High prevalence of harmful drinking habits and gambling among professional rugby players: mental health symptoms and lifestyle risks among New Zealand Super Rugby players—a cross-sectional survey

ObjectivesDetermining the prevalence of mental health and lifestyle risk factors (smoking, alcohol consumption, recreational drug use, gambling, family violence and anger management) in New Zealand (NZ) male professional rugby players.Study...

Analysis of anamnestic data from genetic counseling of couples with history of repeated spontaneous abortions from Split Croatia

Aim: To show the importance of how important are in the genetic counselling process of spontaneous abortions, including careful and detailed analyses of anamnestic data and drawing a family tree.Methods: We included 451 couples with normal karyotypes and treated in the Genetic Counseling Unit due to one or more unsuccessful pregnancies from 1985 to 2010.Results: Second-generation relatives of both partners had two times higher number of SA than the general popu-lation. Almost one third of participans (men and women) were historically exposed to some harmful agent. The "motherhood age effect" is not present, male partners in the group with 3 spontaneous abortions (SA) were older. Both men and women had previous urinary and/or genital infections more often than in the general population. There was no significant correlation between occupation and SA and the frequency of urogenital infections with the type of occupation. Women were affected by computer work or exposure to food and chemicals, while men mostly by heat and cold exposure. Harmful habits predominant in women was smoking and alcohol by men.Conclusion: The research showed how much important information could be obtained for further investigation of the causes of a complex multifactorial process such as recurrent spontaneous abortions.

Forecasting changes in oral hygiene levels using the API index with different orthodontic appliances

Relevance. The prevalence of various types of orthodontic pathology among the Russian population is quite high. Depending on the region, malocclusion are registered in 30.9% to 76.5% of cases. The high prevalence of orthodontic pathology and the unresolved issues related to both the pathology itself and the presence of concomitant diseases indicate the necessity for personalized methods of prevention and treatment of malocclusion during both the primary and mixed dentitions, which in 70-84% of cases are treated using both removable and fixed orthodontic appliances.Materials and methods. An observational study was conducted to identify factors contributing to the increased intensity of caries among children aged 6 to 11 with orthodontic pathology. The study evaluated the characteristics of hygiene knowledge and skills, as well as the Approximal Plaque Index (API), in children using various orthodontic appliances. To assess hygiene knowledge levels, a survey was administered to two groups of children aged 6-11: those undergoing orthodontic treatment and those who visited the dental clinic for a routine check-up and were diagnosed with orthodontic pathology. The questionnaire included questions about the primary and supplementary tools and practices for daily oral hygiene, the frequency of hygiene activities, and the patients' awareness of the importance of professional oral hygiene.Results. Factors that statistically significantly influence the level of hygiene and the Approximal Plaque Index (API) were identified. A computer program was developed to forecast the dynamics of oral hygiene levels (based on the API index) when using different orthodontic appliances. An algorithm for predicting changes in the API hygiene index was created, considering the use of orthodontic appliances, oral status, adherence to hygiene procedures, presence of harmful habits, and dietary behaviors. Negative factors significantly impacting hygiene levels include bruxism and daily consumption of sweets, while positive factors include adherence to the recommended frequency and duration of tooth brushing (at least twice a day) and the use of a medium-hard toothbrush when permanent teeth are erupting. During orthodontic treatment, additional negative factors impacting hygiene status include gingival bleeding (gingivitis), lack of lip closure, and harmful habits. The study of changes in hygiene levels over one year of treatment with various orthodontic appliances (braces, Haas appliance, SPA) showed that the fixed Haas appliance for treating dental and maxillofacial anomalies is the most favorable orthodontic design for mixed dentition.Conclusion. Factors significantly affecting the level of oral hygiene have been identified. The dynamics of the API hygiene index with various orthodontic appliances have been established. The most favorable appliance for mixed dentition is the HAAS appliance for rapid palatal expansion.

Post-Myocardial Infarction Rehabilitation: The Absence in the Rehabilitation Process of the Diaphragm Muscle.

Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. There can be many reasons that cause MI, such as a sedentary lifestyle, a disordered diet, harmful habits such as smoking and alcoholism, concomitant congenital or acquired systemic pathologies. Patients who survive the acute event suffer a functional alteration of multiple body systems. The various cardiology associations recommend starting a rehabilitation process, pursuing the main objective of improving the patient's health status. A negative consequence that can be linked to MI is the dysfunction of the main breathing muscle, the diaphragm. The diaphragm is essential not only for respiratory mechanisms but also for adequate production of cardiac pressures. Post-MI patients present a reduction in the performance of the diaphragm muscle, and this condition can become a risk factor for further relapses or for the onset of heart failure. The article reviews the rehabilitation path for post-MI patients, to highlight the absence given to the diaphragm in the recovery of the patient's health status. The text reviews the post-MI diaphragmatic adaptation to highlight the importance of including targeted training for the diaphragm muscle in the rehabilitation process.

A szülő és gyermek egészségmagatartásának kapcsolata

In recent years our daily lives have been characterised by lifestyle diseases, sedentary lifestyle, high level of physical inactivity, global pandemic. Because of this reason health becomes as an important value in our everyday life. It can be said that health status is a dynamic status which is affected by various aspects. The development of health behaviour involves individual decision-making and choices, the social and built environment, as well as various socialization contexts. The family model and the socio-economic status of the family play a crucial role in shaping children's attitudes towards health culture, exerting a significant influence on the formation of children's habits such as physical activity and proper nutrition. In childhood, there is partial control, with parents making decisions about living conditions, nutrition, and most aspects of the child's life. It is also important to note, that adolescents constitute a demographic where primary prevention can achieve the most long-term successes. Because of this reason, at the centre of our research is the examination of parental patterns and their reflection in the health behaviour of young adults, including eating-, sleeping-, and harmful habits as well as covid pandemic's effect on the eating habits of the families.JEL Code: I12

Sociodemographic characteristics, self-assessment of health and their relationships with body mass index in older women

This research aims to correlate the Body Mass Index (BMI) variable with sociodemographic aspects and Self-Evaluation of Health (AS). It is a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study with 31 older adults. Sociodemographic data were collected in the anamnesis. An anthropometric assessment was also conducted, and for the Self-Assessment of Health (SA), the Brazilian version of the SF-36 protocol was applied. It was observed that the average of the group was classified as overweight ( = 28.12±4.97 kg/m 2 ); regarding AS, it was satisfactory in the three dimensions: Physical Health ( = 76±15 points), Mental Health ( = 72±11) and AS Total ( = 73±12). Observing correlations between BMI and total AS (r = 0.874, p <0.0001, high correlation) and also with different sociodemographic data. This outcome possibly occurred because the majority of participants are active, control stress and do not have harmful habits such as smoking and alcohol consumption.

Determining the need for early orthodontic treatment of children with harmful habits

Determining the need for early orthodontic treatment of children with harmful habits

WAYS TO PREVENT BAD HABITS THAT MAY ARISE AMONG SCHOOL CHILDREN

The reasons for the emergence of harmful habits among schoolchildren can be different. Studies show that the number of harmful habits is quite large. However, there are some of them that (computer addiction, nail biting, inactivity or laziness, smoking, drinking alcohol, using drugs, etc.) can have a strong negative impact on the life and health of schoolchildren. The article discusses the most common harmful habits among schoolchildren, their causes and ways to eliminate them.

Factors Associated with Poor Mental Health in Patients with Axial Spondyloarthritis: Results from the International Map of Axial Spondyloarthritis (IMAS)

BackgroundThis study aims to assess the prevalence of poor mental health in axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) and its associated factors in a large sample of patients from the International Map of...

Brief intervention for chronic liver disease patients with alcohol use disorder in a hepatology outpatient unit: Effects and limitations.

It is not uncommon to encounter outpatients in the hepatology department with harmful alcohol habits. When treating such chronic liver disease (CLD) patients, an adequate intervention method for harm reduction of alcohol use, such as brief intervention (BI) or BI and nalmefene, should be considered. This study aimed to elucidate the clinical effectiveness of BI for CLD patients affected by harmful alcohol use. From June 2021 to 2023, 123 Japanese CLD outpatients (hepatitis B virus:hepatitis C virus:alcoholic liver disease:others=32:18:42:31) with an Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) score of ≥8 at the initial interview and a repeat interview with AUDIT 9months later were enrolled. Clinical features related to patient behavior following the initial AUDIT interview were retrospectively evaluated, and compared between patients without and with BI treatment. For the non-BI and BI groups, baseline AUDIT score (median 10 [interquartile range (IQR) 9-13] vs. 12 [IQR 10-17], p=0.016) and relative change in AUDIT score (median 0 [IQR -3 to 2] vs. -3 [IQR -7 to 0], p<0.01) showed significant differences, whereas there was no significant difference between the groups for AUDIT score at the time of the second interview (p=0.156). Following BI, significant improvements were observed for items 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, and 10 of AUDIT (each p<0.05). Patients with an alcohol use disorder as well as those with alcohol dependency who received BI showed a significant decline in AUDIT score, although the score of the follow-up AUDIT indicated continued alcohol use disorder. In addition to BI, medication with nalmefene should be considered, based on individual factors.

The Role of Microbiological and Radiological Tests in the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in the Conditions of the Pandemic COVID-19

The impact of the methods for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis is perceived in the fastness in setting up the actions aiming to isolate the source infection and to treat it in due time. Objective — to establish the role of microbiological and radiological tests in diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in actual epidemiological context of tuberculosis associated to the COVID-19 pandemics (2020—2022). Materials and methods. It was conducted a case-control study which included 172 patients diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis, as new case, distributed in two groups, the 1st group — 116 patients diagnosed through the radiological methods and the 2nd group — 56 patients, diagnosed through microbiological methods. Results and discussion. The main peculiarities of patients diagnosed with tuberculosis regardless of methods of investigation were male gender, low social and economic state and high prevalence of the harmful habits with impact on the health state. Patients diagnosed through the microbiological methods were residing more frequently in rural areas, with low accessibility to healthcare services, identified through a long-evolving symptomatology, late detection, expressiveness of the clinical symptomatology and a high rate of poor treatment outcome. Recommendations were established that systematic screening for tuberculosis should be performed in all social-vulnerable groups, fortified by the individualised therapeutic approach. Conclusions. The case-control study identified that the main peculiarities of patients diagnosed with tuberculosis regardless of methods of investigation were male gender, low social and economic state and high prevalence of harmful habits such as smoking and alcohol consumption. Patients diagnosed through the microbiological methods were residing more frequently in rural areas, with low accessibility to healthcare services, concluded through a long-lasting symptomatology, late detected forms of tuberculosis, high expressiveness of the clinical symptomatology and severe evolution, followed by a high rate of poor treatment outcomes, including death. Patients diagnosed through the radiological methods were more frequently from urban sectors, from tuberculosis clusters, with comorbidities with high risk for tuberculosis sickness, such as HIV infection, diabetes and mental disorders which constituted included in active screening programs. The lack of positive microbiological assay results was the consequence of the unilateral and limited forms of pulmonary and determined a higher rate of treatment success rate.

Adaptation of Ukrainian Higher Education Students to the Wartime Stress Factor

The wartime stress factor is a significant challenge for mental health. Ukrainian higher education students have been studying under martial law for over two years. Therefore, investigating their adaptation to these conditions is crucial. Aim: To examine how Ukrainian higher education students adapt to the wartime stressor. Methods: Analysis of scientific literature, surveys, and statistical analysis. The three-wave study spanned from April 20, 2022, to December 19, 2023. It involved 1901 students from various regions of Ukraine. Results: No significant changes were found in students' experiences of psychological problems or harmful habits like smoking and alcohol consumption (p&gt;0.05) during the wartime stressor period. This may suggest that students are struggling to adapt to the war. However, the use of calming medications increased by 0.4% compared to the first stage of the study and by 6.3% compared to the second (p&lt;0.05). Gender and the number of stressful experiences emerged as factors influencing students' use of calming medications. Female students showed greater difficulty adapting to the wartime stressor compared to male students. Additionally, the more stressful experiences students reported, the more likely they were to use calming medications. While being in the center of hostilities can be highly traumatic, it did not significantly affect the use of calming medications. Similarly, the field of study did not show a significant influence (p&gt;0.05). Conclusions: The findings suggest that students have not yet adapted to the war. Developing and implementing psychological and pedagogical support measures for this youth group through physical activity interventions is a relevant area for further research.

Analysis of prefabricated myofunctional appliances with different overjet and bumper designs: a three-dimensional finite element analysis

BackgroundPrefabricated myofunctional appliance can guide tooth eruption, improve dentition alignment, correct myofunctional disorders and harmful oral habits. However, its application to skeletal discrepancy may result in unsatisfactory tooth inclination. This study aimed to construct a novel appliance with overjet design to avoid this side effect and investigated its shape and mechanical changes under occlusion using three-dimensional finite element method.MethodsWe established three samples of prefabricated myofunctional appliances. The first one was edge to edge without overjet, and the outer shield of both jaws were flattened. The second one was 3 mm overjet with stepped the outer shield. The last one was 3 mm overjet, and the outer shield of both jaws were flatted, which meant the front wall of lower jaw was strengthened with bumper, termed as lower bumper. A complete dentition model was applied to the study. 150 N occlusal force was applied to each type of appliance and the deformation displacement and the changes in stress was recorded.ResultsThe deformation was significant in the incisors regions, especially in the vertical and lateral dimensions. The maximum displacements of 3 mm overjet with step shield group were 7.08 mm (vertical), 3.99 mm (lateral), and 2.90 mm (sagittal), while it decreased to 3.92 mm(vertical), 1.94 mm (lateral), and 1.55 mm (sagittal) in overjet with bumper group. Moreover, the upper molar regions exhibited higher vertical and sagittal displacement in 3 mm overjet with step shield group, which were 3.03 mm (vertical) and 1.99 mm (sagittal), and the bumper design could decrease the maximum displacement to 1.72 mm (vertical) and 0.72 mm (sagittal). In addition, the Von Mises stress of appliances was analyzed, and results indicated that 3 mm overjet with step shield generated higher stress than other groups, with the maximum Von Mises stress was 0.9387 MP, which were 0.5858 and 0.5657 MP in edge to edge group and 3 mm overjet with lower bumper group, respectively.ConclusionThe prefabricated myofunctional appliances may cause deformation during occlusion. Compared to step shield group, the application of lower bumper exhibited better resistance to occlusal force.

SuperAgers and centenarians, dynamics of healthy ageing with cognitive resilience

Graceful healthy ageing and extended longevity is the most desired goal for human race. The process of ageing is inevitable and has a profound impact on the gradual deterioration of our physiology and health since it triggers the onset of many chronic conditions like dementia, osteoporosis, diabetes, arthritis, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. However, some people who lived/live more than 100 years called ‘Centenarians” and how do they achieve their extended lifespans are not completely understood. Studying these unknown factors of longevity is important not only to establish a longer human lifespan but also to manage and treat people with shortened lifespans suffering from age-related morbidities. Furthermore, older adults who maintain strong cognitive function are referred to as "SuperAgers" and may be resistant to risk factors linked to cognitive decline. Investigating the mechanisms underlying their cognitive resilience may contribute to the development of therapeutic strategies that support the preservation of cognitive function as people age. The key to a long, physically, and cognitively healthy life has been a mystery to scientists for ages. Developments in the medical sciences helps us to a better understanding of human physiological function and greater access to medical care has led us to an increase in life expectancy. Moreover, inheriting favorable genetic traits and adopting a healthy lifestyle play pivotal roles in promoting longer and healthier lives. Engaging in regular physical activity, maintaining a balanced diet, and avoiding harmful habits such as smoking contribute to overall well-being. The synergy between positive lifestyle choices, access to education, socio-economic factors, environmental determinants and genetic supremacy enhances the potential for a longer and healthier life. Our article aims to examine the factors associated with healthy ageing, particularly focusing on cognitive health in centenarians. We will also be discussing different aspects of ageing including genomic instability, metabolic burden, oxidative stress and inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, immunosenescence, and sarcopenia.

Issledovanie urovnej psihologicheskoj ustojchivosti sportsmenov

This study is to determine how the decision-making levels of individuals who play table tennis in Kyrgyzstan are shaped. It has been concluded that harmful habits, age, education level, place of residence and profession are the determining factors in shaping the psychological resilience levels of table tennis players.