Lotion Research Articles

Analysis of Salicylic Acid in Face Creams Circulating in the Big Market Malang City

Salicylic acid is a skin remedy that is used to treat various skin problems such as acne. Salicylic acid is safe to use and contains Beta Hydroxy Acid (BHA), which is an ingredient used to reduce wrinkles and acne. Although it has benefits for removing acne, salicylic acid is a dangerous chemical if used in excess of the prescribed limits. To determine the levels of salicylic acid in anti acne creams circulating in Pasar Besar Malang City, qualitatively with color test using FeCl3 and quantitatively using UV-Vis spectrophotometry to analyze levels of salicylic acid in anti-acne cream. Qualitative research using FeCl3 showed that from four samples, one sample was declared negative, while three positive samples contained salicylic acid, while testing using UV-Vis spectrophotometry found all samples containing salicylic acid. The levels of salicylic acid in all samples were within the safe limits set by BPOM with the highest level contained in skin surface products, including substances harmful to the skin, should not be more than 2%.

Formulation of Hand Cream Essential Oil of Basil (Ocimum basilicum) Leaves

Basil (Ocimum basilicum) leaf essential oil contains terpenoid compounds that have antibacterialactivity. This study aims to obtain hand cream preparations of basil essential oil, as well as to determinethe effect of concentration variation of liquid paraffin on the results of the evaluation of the preparation.In this study, three formulations of hand cream preparations of basil essential oil were made withthree variations in the concentration of liquid paraffin, namely F1 (9%), F2 (10%), and F3 (11%).Furthermore, the preparation was evaluated for 28 days at room temperature (15-300C) and humidity(60-80%) which included organoleptic, pH, viscosity, homogeneity, spreadability, and type of emulsion.The results showed that formulas F1, F2, and F3 met all the requirements of organoleptic, pH, viscosity,homogeneity, spreadability, and type of emulsion. The results of the statistical analysis showed thatvariations in liquid paraffin concentrations had a significant effect (p<0.05) on the evaluation ofviscosity and did not significantly affect the evaluation of organoleptic, evaluation of pH, evaluation ofhomogeneity, evaluation of spreadability, and evaluation of emulsion type.

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Coffea canephora fruit skin extract and its application for mercury detection in face cream samples

Mercury is one of the most toxic heavy metals causing harmful effects on the human body; meanwhile, mercury is found in some face cream products to give a whitening effect. The upper limit concentration of mercury in skin-lightening products defined by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is under one mg/L as Hg2+. A new green analytical spectrophotometric method for mercury analysis has been developed by employing a biological reagent from fruit skin extract of robusta coffee (Coffea canephora) as a bioreductor for silver ions as well as a stabilizer for the AgNPs product. The detection principle of this method is based on the decrease of the color intensity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) after the addition of Hg2+ ions due to the re-oxidization of the AgNPs by Hg2+ ions to colorless Ag+ ions. To achieve the most significant sensitivity, linearity of measurement, and validity, the method was optimized toward the volume of AgNPs and reaction time. In this research, the synthesized AgNPs were also characterized by UV-Vis Spectrometry as well as a particle size analyzer (PSA) to determine the size of nanoparticles. The result showed that the optimum conditions were attained at 4mL AgNPs solution and 3-min reaction resulting in a linear measurement of Hg2+ in the range of 0-15mg/L with LOD and LOQ of 0.039 and 0.130mg/L, respectively. This method is quite selective and has been validated by applying it to real face cream samples with satisfactory results supported by average recoveries of close to 100%.

Antioxidant Activities of Scrub Body Lotion Extract of Surian Leaves (Toona sinensis) with Powder Scrub Date Seeds (Phoenix dactylifera)

Free radicals from exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVB) cause dull, rough, dry, cracked skin andpremature aging so that they can damage skin tissue and result in fatal skin cancer. To prevent this,antioxidants are needed. Plants that have potential as antioxidants are Surian leaves and date seedswhich contain lots of flavonoids and phenolics. To make it easier to use, it is processed into a scrubbody lotion using a date seed powder scrub (Phoenix dactylifera). This study aimed to find a scrubbody lotion formula that has the best physical properties and is stable during storage and the bestformula has the strongest antioxidant activity. Each formula contains ethanol extract of Surian leaves(Toona sinensis) with a concentration of 0.1%; 0.3%; 0.5%; 0.7%; 0.9%. After that, an evaluationof the physical properties of scrub body lotion preparation was carried out. From the results of theevaluation of the physical properties of the best scrub body lotion preparations, stable in storage andhedonic tests and safe for irritation tests, formula 5 contains ethanol extract of surian leaves with aconcentration of 0.9% and has an antioxidant activity of IC50 28,554 ppm with a very strong category.

The potential of selected plant extracts in anti-acne skincare formulations

Consumer awareness and the desire to reach for cosmetics with natural ingredients are still growing. The active ingredients of plants can reduce acne lesions and skin redness accompanying them. Specialised cosmetic formulations should support Anti-acne products containing therapeutic agents, reducing visible skin inflammation. These products should act simultaneously, ensuring proper skincare due to the content of plant metabolites exhibiting desired biological activity. In this study, the application of a selected plant extract in cosmetic preparations for acne skincare containing selected plant extracts was prepared: Arnica montana flower, Sambucus nigra and Rosmarinus officinalis leaf, Saponaria officinalis root, Aloe barbadensis leaf juice and Silybum marianum seed oil and then their effects were compared. The extracts were applied as active ingredients in face cream, serum and micellar solution forulations. The physicochemical properties (pH value, stability, dispersed phase particle size and type of emulsion) were evaluated; moreover, rheological tests of the samples were carried out, and the skin cleansing ability of the micellar solution was examined. In addition, all the formulations were subject to various tests, which allowed for the evaluation of their organoleptic properties. It was noticed that the used plant raw materials affect the care of the skin with acne tendencies. Both extracts (Arnica montana flower extract and Sambucus nigra extract) were used in the same concentrations in the cosmetics so that differences in results were easy to compare. Importantly, during the consumer tests, the probants discontinued usage of other anti-acne agents normally applied, which allowed for an objective assessment of the effect of the tested extracts on the acne skin. The formulations tested were proven to be effective cosmetics supporting anti-acne therapy.

Concentrations and predictors of aluminum, antimony, and lithium in breast milk: A repeated-measures study of donors

Aluminum (Al), antimony (Sb), and lithium (Li) are relatively common toxic metal(oid)s that can be transferred into breast milk and potentially to the nursing infant. This study assessed concentrations of Al, Sb, and Li in breast milk samples collected from donor mothers and explored the predictors of these concentrations. Two hundred forty-two pooled breast milk samples were collected at different times post-partum from 83 donors in Spain (2015–2018) and analyzed for Al, Sb, and Li concentrations. Mixed-effect linear regression was used to investigate the association of breast milk concentrations of these elements with the sociodemographic profile of the women, their dietary habits and utilization of personal care products (PCPs), the post-partum interval, and the nutritional characteristics of milk samples, among other factors. Al was detected in 94% of samples, with a median concentration of 57.63 μg/L. Sb and Li were detected in 72% and 79% of samples at median concentrations of 0.08 μg/L and 0.58 μg/L, respectively. Concentrations of Al, Sb, and Li were not associated with post-partum time. Al was positively associated with total lipid content of samples, weight change since before pregnancy, and coffee and butter intakes and inversely with meat intake. Li was positively associated with intake of chocolate and use of face cream and eyeliner and inversely with year of sample collection, egg, bread, and pasta intakes, and use of hand cream. Sb was positively associated with fatty fish, yoghurt, rice, and deep-fried food intakes and use of eyeliner and inversely with egg and cereal intakes and use of eyeshadow. This study shows that Al, Sb, and Li, especially Al, are widely present in donor breast milk samples. Their concentrations in the milk samples were most frequently associated with dietary habits but also with the lipid content of samples and the use of certain PCPs.

Formulation and Evaluation of Polyherbal Cream

Herbal skin creams are mainly intended for beautification of skin. The main aim of the present research work is to prepare a face cream using different herbs and the prepared cream is evaluated for stability and anti bacterial activity. The herbs used in the formulation (F1, F2, and F3) are flowers of Clitoria ternatea, leaves of Azadirachta indica and Ocimum sanctum. The formulated cream is evaluated for the various parameters like organoleptic properties, pH, stability, consistency, skin irritation, and antibacterial properties. F1 formulation has shown good stability and antibacterial properties compared to marketed cream.

Exploration of Factors Forming Intention to Buy Skincare among Millennial Generation Male Consumers in Bandung, Indonesia

Men's grooming is growing, and data confirms that sales of men's facial creams have doubled, and the use of men's facial cleansing products in India has jumped 60-fold between 2009-2016. During the Covid-19 pandemic, many industries, including the beauty industry, were negatively affected. However, the local beauty industry sector continues to emerge in Indonesia. Beauty and body care products are one of the business units that have enlivened the Indonesian industrial sector. The projection of the Indonesian skincare product market for the 2020-2027 period, the male and millennial generations will experience the fastest growth.
 
 The sampling method is based on a non-probability sampling technique with a judgmental sampling technique. The sample was taken based on the criteria formulated, namely the millennial generation men in Bandung, with an age range determined according to the criteria. The data analysis technique uses factor analysis or Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) with SPSS tools. The approach with oblique rotation can accurately model uncorrelated and correlated factors effectively. The results of the factor analysis test in this study have a KMO and Bartlett's Test value of 0.888 with a significance of 0.000. This value indicates that 88.8% of the research instruments analyzed indicate that the skincare purchase intention instrument has a suitable model in testing factor analysis. In conclusion, companies engaged in skincare have an excellent opportunity to target the millennial generation male target market in Bandung because the need for skincare products and the level of awareness to take care of yourself is pretty high. The results of data processing produced ten factors, namely the first factor, "Belief in Product Attributes," the second factor, "Attitude," the third factor, "Product Halal Certification," the fourth factor, "Health," the fifth factor "Subjective Norms," the sixth factor "Environmental Awareness," the seventh factor is "Self Image," the eighth factor is "Perceived Behavioral Control," the ninth factor is "Aging Effect" and the tenth factor is "Repurchase Intention and Environmental Awareness."

Pengaruh Citra Merek Dan Iklan Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Produk Hand And Body Lotion Marina

The buying decision-making process will be influenced by brands and advertising. The term "brand image" relates to how people view a specific brand, whereas "advertising factors" refers to marketing methods used to sell items. The goal of this study is to determine whether Marina Hand and Body Lotion purchase decisions are influenced by brand perception, whether those decisions are also influenced by advertising, and whether those decisions are influenced by both brand perception and advertising jointly, particularly for Gen Z consumers who live in the city of Bogor. 130 respondents were chosen using a purposive selection technique, and the Hair et al. formula was applied. Respondents' responses provided the information needed. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), which employs the Multiple Linear Regression Analysis approach, was used to process the 130 respondents' survey responses. The study discovered that: (1) Brand image significantly and favorably influenced customers' decisions to buy Marina hand and body lotion; (2) Advertising significantly and favorably influenced customers' decisions to buy Marina hand and body lotion; and (3) Overall, Marina's brand image and advertising significantly and favorably influenced customers' decisions to buy Marina hand and body lotion. Keywords : Brand Image, Advertising, Purchase Decisions and Consumers

Toxic conjunctivitis due to cosmetics: Description of the pathology and evaluation of topical treatment with unpreserved hydrocortisone 3.35 mg/ml and ketotifen 0.25 mg/ml

AbstractPurpose: To describe the frequently misdiagnosed condition of toxic conjunctivitis due to facial cosmetics' use and to evaluate the effectiveness of our topical anti‐inflammatory treatment.Methods: Over a one‐year period (2021) we recorded 28 patients (26 females and 2 males) with toxic conjunctivitis due to the use of facial cosmetic creams. The clinical presentation involves burning sensation, epiphora, redness and edema of palpebral conjunctiva with follicular response, edema of punctum and contact dermatitis of the medial lid skin. We advised cessation of facial creams and administered artificial tears with HA, topical unpreserved hydrocortisone 3.35 mg/ml (4 times daily for 2 weeks) and ketotifen 0.25 mg/ml (twice daily for 4 weeks). Follow up was in 2 and 4 weeks.Results: All patients had symptoms for over 2 months and received more than 3 different treatments. In 4 weeks, 23/28 (82%) patients had full recovery, whereas 5/28 (18%) although improved required reaffirming of cosmetic cessation and continued topical ketotifen for two more weeks until complete resolution of symptoms.Conclusions: Toxic conjunctivitis due to facial creams is a frequent condition, especially in women, and is often misdiagnosed as allergic conjunctivitis. Cessation of facial creams for the duration of the treatment is mandatory. Topical treatment with HA artificial tears, topical unpreserved hydrocortisone 3.35 mg/ml and ketotifen 0.25 mg/ml offers highly effective anti‐inflammatory action with no increase in intraocular pressure or other side effects.

Розроблення рецептури антивікового крему для обличчя з β-глюканом

The article presents the results of the study of the cosmetic cream with anti-age direction with β-glucan. Cosmetics aimed at combating wrinkles, pigmentation and other skin problems is includedinto the anti-age segment. β-glucan affects the biosyn¬thesis of collagen and elastin, acts as a powerful moisturizer, and also regulates the structural and mechanical characteristics of the cosmetic system, affects thickening, stabilization, and jelly formation. β-glucan is not released for sale by direct passage thro¬ugh the cells of the epidermis and dermis, but adds to the epidermal barrier through the intercellular matrix. It indirectly promotes the stimulation of fibroblasts, which results in the accumulation of collagen in the dermis, increased skin elasticity, and reduced wrinkles. In addition, β-glucan forms a thin protective layer, which increases the hydration of the epidermis and prevents moisture loss. This ingredient is highly effective and inno¬vative as an anti-aging bioactive component of natural origin. The aim of the work was to develop a formulation of an anti-aging face cream of the "oil/water" type with β-glucan and to establish its optimal amount. The paper describes the main formulation components of an anti-aging face cream with β-glucan of the "oil/water" type. The application of each component of the formulation is substantiated. The dry powdered extract of β-glucan obtained from oat grains was used in the work. To select the emulsifier, the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of the fat phase was calculated. The formulation of an anti-aging cream with β-glucan of the "oil/water" type was developed. It was found that the best in terms of organoleptic and physicochemical parameters is a sample of anti-aging cream with β-glucan content of 3.0%. The cream obtained according to the developed formulation is ho¬mogeneous, colloidal and thermostable, has a characteristic ap¬pearance, is well applied to the skin and meets all the require¬ments of DSTU 4765-2007 "Cosmetic creams". The resulting anti-aging cream is suitable for all skin types, it is recommended for daily use, it perfectly moisturizes and nourishes the skin, maintains hydrolipidic balance, protects skin against dryness and peeling, stimulates cell regeneration and provides a long-lasting rejuvenating effect. The use of β-glucan in the formulation of face cream allows to expand the range of anti-age cosmetic products.

Improvement in Skin Elasticity Using Red Deer Umbilical Cord Lining Mesenchymal Stem Cell Conditioned Media.

Significant improvement in skin tone was reported after topical application of a facial cream (CALECIM® Professional Multi-Action Cream, CALECIM Cosmeceuticals, Singapore) containing conditioned media (CM) derived from Red Deer Umbilical Cord Lining Mesenchymal Stem Cell (RD-CLMSC) culture. This study investigates the paracrine effects of RD-CLMSC-CM on human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) to understand how it may increase skin turgor and elasticity. Skin aging is associated with lower levels of extracellular matrix components such as hyaluronic acid (HA) and elastin, resulting in poor skin turgor and elasticity. Histochemical staining followed by photocolorimetry demonstrated that RD-CLMSC-CM upregulated HDF expression of elastin by 56% and HA by 83% compared with DMEM/10% Fetal Calf Serum (FCS).To further quantify the effects of CM, a proliferation assay was used to assess HDF response to RD-CLMSC-CM exposure. Exposure to RD-CLMSC-CM resulted in the highest increase in HDF proliferation over DMEM/10% FCS (113%) followed by Human (H)-CLMSC-CM (112%), then Human Foreskin Fibroblast (FSF)-CM (16%).These experimental results demonstrate both the cross-species efficacy and lack of toxicity of RD-CLMSC-CM on HDF. These pre-clinical studies also suggest the clinical effects of RD-CLMSC-CM on skin turgor may be related to increased HA and elastin production by HDF, as well as enhanced proliferation. J Drugs Dermatol. 2023;21(1):82-89. doi:10.36849/JDD.6906.

PENGARUH KESADARAN HALAL, LABEL HALAL, DAN BAHAN PRODUK TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN ULANG BODY LOTION SCARLETT WHITENING PADA MAHASISWA MUSLIM FAKULTAS EKONOMI DAN BISNIS UNIVERSITAS JEMBER

The study was conducted to test and analyze the partial and simultaneous effect of halal awareness, halal labels, and product ingredients on the decision to repurchase Scarlett Whitening body lotion among Muslim students at the Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Jember. The population is students of the Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Jember who have active undergraduate status and have purchased Scarlett Whitening body lotion . This study determines the number of samples through purposive sampling method totaling 100 samples. By using multiple linear regression analysis method. The results of the t test show that t count on the halal awareness variable is 2.157 with a significance value of 0.034, which means that halal awareness has a significant effect on repurchasing decisions. The results of the t test show that the t count on the halal label variable is 2.051 with a significance value of 0.043, which means that the halal label has a significant effect on repurchasing decisions. The results of the t test show t count on the variable product ingredients 2.392 with a significance value of 0.019, which means that product ingredients have a significant effect on repurchasing decisions. Whereas the results of the F test simultaneously have a significant influence on the decision to repurchase Scarlett Whitening body lotion for Muslim students at the Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Jember.

The Training for Triharjo Village’s Stockbreeders on Production of BSF Larve’s Oil as Potential Cosmetic Raw Material

Indonesia has seen a rise in Black Soldier Fly maggots. Maggot farming offers great economic diversification. BSF (maggot) larvae may eat many organic materials, making them special. This helps bioconvert organic waste, which can damage the environment and harm people's health if not treated properly. Protein-rich maggots are animal feed ingredients. Serious maggot cultivation can create new jobs. This maggot culture has a hidden gem that must be removed. Maggot oil studies still produce animal feed. Maggot oil is antibacterial and emollient, making it a cosmetic and medicinal ingredient, according to worldwide studies. Cosmetics use fats as viscosity enhancers or emulsifiers. As a proof of concept, BSF larvae fat will be used in hand cream compositions to show its potential in organic waste processing, animal feed, and health and beauty additives. Naturally, national and international scientific journals and social media have not broadly shared this information and talents. The Cosmetic Engineering study program's Community Service Team shares information, insights, and talents to connect research, education, and community applications. The ITERA Cosmetics Engineering team will train maggot breeders in Triharjo village to increase maggot production and diversify maggot products to boost sales.

The impact of body lotions on the skin microbiome and ceramides

The impact of body lotions on the skin microbiome and ceramides

ESG approach in the valorization of cocoa (Theobroma cacao) by-products by subcritical water: Application in the cosmetic industry

In this research valorization potentials of cocoa hull extracts in cosmetic industry, following Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) criteria, have been investigated and reported, presenting increased value of this biowaste. The extracts of cocoa hull obtained by subcritical water were characterized in respect to chemical composition and certain bioactive properties, and were used to develop functional cosmetic formulation. In this work cocoa hull of cocoa beans originating from different geographical locations (Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Grenada) were extracted by subcritical water to obtain functional extracts rich in valuable compounds. The extracts were characterized in respect to their total proteins (10–27%), total phenols (37–45 mg GAE/g) and total flavonoids (14–21 mg RE/g) contents. In addition, the minerals K (41–60 mg/100 g), Na (0.78–1.17 mg/100 g), and Ca (2.47–5.94 mg/100 g) were also quantified. Antiradical activity against DPPH (IC50 ∼ 11–13 μg/ml) and ABTS (IC50 ∼ 7–9 μg/ml) radicals, as well as total antioxidant activity (∼14–20 mg EAK/100 g DE), were determined and compared for all extracts. The extract with the highest antioxidant and antiradical activity was used for the formulation of a functional cosmetic product – a day cream with sun protective properties and added qualities. The prepared facial cream was analysed in respect to basic quality parameters for cosmetic products, proving the safety of the newly developed product based on subcritical water extracts of cocoa hull. The application of subcritical water extraction, as a green technology, can significantly enhance the ESG development in the cosmetic industry.

Clinical studies in Chinese subjects investigating the tolerance and soothing efficacy of a cream and balm containing 4-t-butylcyclohexanol on the sensitivity of facial skin.

Asian subjects are particularly prone to skin sensitivity. We developed a facial cream and balm containing 4-t-butylcyclohexanol to provide skin comfort and a soothing effect for sensitive skin. Assess the dermatological and ophthalmological tolerance and efficacy in improving skin sensitivity of face cream and balm under normal conditions of use by a population known to be particularly prone to this problem. In a monocentric non-randomized open trial, the cream or balm was applied twice daily to the face, neck, and eye contour of 33 stinger subjects with hypersensitive skin (22-63 years old). Assessments included dermatological and ophthalmological physical and functional signs on Day 1 (D1), D8, and D22, and cosmetic acceptability, cutaneous sensitivity according to a stinging test and the sensitive scale, and the soothing efficacy according to a questionnaire on D22. The cream and balm were very well tolerated. Immediately after application, subjects reported a reduction in the skin's hypersensitivity (93.9% of subjects for the cream and 81.8% for the balm), skin redness (90.9% of subjects for the cream and 87.9% for the balm), sensations of tightness (93.9% for the cream and 97.0% for the balm), and discomfort sensations (93.9% for the cream and 87.9% for the balm). After 21 days, the application of the cream and balm decreased the stinging scores by 65% and 41%, respectively, with 94% and 77% of subjects showing an improvement, respectively. The sensitivity scale questionnaire indicated that the cream and balm significantly and profoundly decreased all negative signs, for example, irritability, stinging, general discomfort, redness, and dryness on D22 compared to D1. On D22, all 15 parameters recorded were improved by 89%-100% by the cream and by 74%-100% by the balm. The majority (90.9% and 96.8% of subjects using the cream and balm, respectively) of the subjects noticed positive changes in their skin condition after using the product for 21 days. The cream and balm were very well-tolerated. This study demonstrated that both products controlled and markedly reduced skin hypersensitivity in Asian subjects, with an immediate and lasting skin soothing and repairing effect over 21 days.

Efficacy of the continuous use of a lotion with carbon dioxide on male subjects with mild acne.

Acne vulgaris is caused by dyslipidemia, dyskeratosis and/or abnormal bacterial growth. The obstruction of skin pores due to hyperkeratosis of the infundibulum contributes to the formation of comedones. Thus, normalizing keratinization of epidermal cells in skin pores might be useful to improve acne. Recently, it has been found that the transcutaneous application of carbon dioxide (CO2 ) regulates imbalances of the desquamatory process. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of a skin lotion containing CO2 on mild acne. Twenty-four healthy Japanese males (20-29 years old) with mild acne attended this evaluation. The subjects were divided into 2 groups, one group used a skin lotion containing CO2 and the other group used a skin lotion without CO2 . Following facial washing, each subject topically applied the skin lotion with or without CO2 twice a day for 4 weeks. Prior to the start of the evaluation (week 0) and following 2 and 4 weeks of treatment, acne symptoms were assessed by a dermatologist and by instrumental measurements. Topical application of the skin lotion with CO2 for 4 weeks significantly improved acne symptoms, which was recognized by the subjects. However, treatment with the skin lotion without CO2 did not improve acne symptoms. This improvement of acne symptoms by CO2 was not accompanied by changes in sebum levels, skin surface pH, skin capacitance, or porphyrin levels. The transcutaneous application of a lotion with CO2 improves acne symptoms by normalizing keratinization without affecting skin surface conditions.

Directions of hyaluronic acid application in cosmetology.

Hyaluronic acid is a naturally occurring substance in the human body. It is a component of the intercellular matrix of the dermis and is often used as a raw material in cosmetology. This substance was isolated for the first time in the first half of the twentieth century, while cosmetology treatments and aesthetic medicine have been developing rapidly and gaining popularity. The same applies to companies producing cosmetic care products which contain hyaluronic acid. This is related to the growing desire of the society to improve the quality of the skin and maintain its vitality and firmness. The study investigates different directions and possibilities of using hyaluronic acid in cosmetology. Moreover, the paper describes possible side effects observed after hyaluronic acid injections. The study was based on an anonymous questionnaire conducted between October 10, 2021, and February 21, 2022. 513 responses were collected. The awareness and level of knowledge in this field of cosmetology among potential beauty salon clients are on the rise. Hyaluronic acid is used in injections, as well as in care cosmetics, oral and vaginal preparations. Various areas of the face are injected, most often the lips. Face creams are among the most frequently purchased skincare products. The use of hyaluronic acid in cosmetology is multidirectional. It is mainly focused on skincare and specific anti-aging activities. Treatments of this type help preserve the skin's vitality, which translates into an improved quality of life due to the satisfaction of the need for attractiveness.

Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) industrial by-products as a source of polysaccharides

Apart from the main aroma products, the lavender essential oil industry generates huge quantities of undervalorized biomass, which was discarded nearby to the distilleries or used as a fertilizer. Therefore, the current study was performed to explore the hypothesis that the lavender waste biomass could be additionally utilized as a source of polysaccharides . An industrial residue from supercritical CO 2 -extraction (CO2-L) and steam-distilled lavender (SD-L) were used as source material after preparing the alcohol-insoluble material. Acid-soluble polysaccharides (ASPs) were obtained from CO2-L (6.97 ± 0.14%) and SD-L (5.95 ± 0.23%). The monosaccharide composition revealed that polysaccharides were composed mainly of galacturonic acid 672.44 ± 4.89 µg mg −1 (CO2-L) and 619.17 ± 5.23 µg mg −1 (SD-L). The ASPs were characterized by a medium degree of methyl-esterification (50%) and a low degree of acetylation (<3%). The pectin nature of lavender ASPs was confirmed by infrared and NMR spectroscopy experiments. ASPs’ gelling behavior was investigated by examination of high sucrose (1.25% polysaccharide and 60% sugar (w/w)) and Ca 2+ (1.25% polysaccharide (w/w) and 6 mmol/L Ca 2+ ) gel systems and compared with the gelation of two commercial citrus pectins. Both CO2-L and SD-L ASP were able to produce Ca 2+ gels, while in the presence of sucrose only the CO2-L polysaccharide yielded gel. ASPs were included in the hand cream formulation. It was found that both polysaccharides increased the apparent viscosity compared to the control hand cream. This might lead to the conclusion that lavender wastes could be regarded as a natural source of polysaccharides having valuable properties to enable incorporation into cosmetic products. • Lavender by-products from CO 2 extraction (CO2-L) and distillation (SD-L) were studied. • CO2-L and SD-L yielded 6.97 ± 0.14% and 5.95 ± 0.23% polysaccharides, respectively. • Monosaccharide composition and NMR studies suggested pectic type structure. • CO2-L and SD-L polysaccharides yielded relatively strong gels in presence of Ca 2+ . • CO2-L and SD-L polysaccharides increased the apparent viscosity of hand creams.