Hamedan Province Research Articles

Application of photovoltaic system to modify energy use, environmental damages and cumulative exergy demand of two irrigation systems-A case study: Barley production of Iran

Abstract Irrigation is one of energy-intensive operations in agriculture, which consumes great part of energy inputs and has harmful environmental effects. Thus, the goal of this study is to simulate application of photovoltaic (PV) system as an alternative clean energy supplier to achieve energy-environmental sustainability under two irrigation methods, namely, surface irrigation (SFI) and sprinkler irrigation (SPI) in barley cultivation. Data are collected during the growing season of 2018–2019 from a 100-ha farm located in central region of Hamedan province, Iran. Moreover, applying PV system to SFI and SPI scenarios, which are simulated by using TRNSYS software, generate SFI-PV and SPI-PV scenarios, respectively. After that, environmental damages for all scenarios are evaluated by ReCiPe2016 method of life cycle assessment. Results indicate energy use efficiencies are 2.85 and 2.80 in SFI and SPI, respectively. On-Farm emissions in all scenarios, electricity in SFI and SPI and PV panels SFI-PV and SPI-PV are the hotspots of environmental damages. Cumulative exergy demand (CExD) findings show that shares of Non-renewable, fossil for barley production mainly result from electricity and diesel fuel. It is concluded that energy and environmental damage indices can be enhanced remarkably via using renewable energy technologies.

Comparing the Kinematics of the Lower Limb Joints in Jump-Landing Maneuver Among Soccer Players With and Without Histories of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

Background: Jumping and landing are common activities in soccer, i.e., associated with Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injuries in the players, especially when experiencing fatigue. The current study aimed to compare the kinematics of the lower limb joints in jump-landing maneuver among soccer players with and without a history of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Methods: Among active soccer players in the provincial league level in Hamedan Province, Iran, 12 individuals with the intact knee (control group), and 12 individuals with 6 to 24 months post anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (experimental group) were selected by convivence sampling method as the study participants. During the jump-landing task, the range of motion and the joints' angle at the contact instance were measured before and after performing plyometric fatigue protocol using the Vicon motion capture system. Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) at a significance level of P<0.05 was used for intergroup comparisons. Results: Plyometric fatigue did not affect most of the kinematic variables before and after fatigue experience. Besides, only the hip range of motion revealed a significant difference between the study groups (P=0.38). Conclusion: Fatigue had more effect on some variables in individuals with ACL reconstruction, including the left and right hips angles. Moreover, there was a significant difference in some variables between the study groups; the range of motion of the left hip, the contact angle of the right hip before fatigue experience, and the contact angle of the right and left hips after fatigue. In general, a proper rehabilitation program is recommended for athletes with ACL reconstruction to reduce the risk of recurrence of jumping movements in exercise.

Ontogenetic redescription of Bryobia rubrioculus (Scheuten, 1857) (Acari: Tetranychidae) from Iran

Bryobia rubrioculus (Scheuten, 1857), is one of the most important pests of spider mites in Hamedan province, western Iran. This species found on aerial part of deciduous and coniferous trees. All mobile stages (larvae, protonymph, deutonymph and adult female) of B. rubrioculus were reared on sweet cherry leaf in germinator under controlled condition and redescription in the present study. Furthermore, a key to Iranian species of the genus Bryobia is presented.

Brucella Infection in Horses From Hamedan Province, Iran

Background: Domestic animals play a significant role in the distribution of Brucella infection to humans. Particularly, horses have a high impact on the transmission of zoonoses due to long life and multi-function. This project was conducted in Hamedan Veterinary Office for the primary assessment of Brucella infection in horses in Hamedan province using the serology technique. Methods: Between April 2019 and January 2019, a total of 495 horse blood samples was collected from different equestrian clubs of Hamedan province. The animals were of different breeds without the clinical signs of disease. The samples were evaluated for the presence of anti-Brucella antibodies using the Rose-Bengal plate test (RBPT). Results: All animals were negative for Brucella antibodies. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first evaluation of Brucella infection in horses from an intensive system in Iran. The prevalence of brucellosis in horses was low and it had no significant impact on the transmission of infection to humans. Conclusions: Regular screening programs, along with the quarantine and elimination of animal transfer are essential for controlling the disease.

Dryland farming improvement by considering the relation between rainfall variability and crop yield

About 40% of the global cultivable land practices dryland farming. An improvement of dryland farming is imperative to ensure food security for expanding populations in the developing world. This paper presents a method to assess the impact of precipitation variability on the annual yield of dryland farmed crops. All probable periods of precipitation in three dryland farming seasons (autumn, winter, and spring) are considered. The effect of each period of precipitation on the annual yield of dryland farmed crops is assessed, and the most effective period of precipitation on the annual yield of each crop is identified. Subsequently, annual yield versus effective precipitation regressions for each crop are developed. The annual crop yields are calculated with annual yield versus effective precipitation regressions and with the probability distribution function method. The presented methodology is illustrated with an application to wheat and barley production in Hamedan Province, Iran. The most effective period of precipitation for predicting the annual yield of dryland farmed wheat and barley in all conditions is March 30–May 7. The predictive skill of the annual yield versus effective precipitation regressions is evaluated and found to yield crop yield estimates that are very similar to those obtained with the probability distribution function method.

Inhibitory efficacy of rapamycin against potato white mold

The inhibitory efficacy of rapamycin against potato white mold caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was studied in vitro and under field conditions. The results showed that rapamycin was able to reduce radial growth, sclerogenesis as well as myceliogenic and carpogenic germinations of three isolates of the pathogen. Application of rapamycin markedly increased activity of chitin 1,4-β-chitobiosidase, endochitinase and β-1,3-glucanase in plant leaves. The treatment with rapamycin increased relative conductivity of S. sclerotiorum mycelia in different periods of time compared with the control. An increase in carbohydrate leakage was observed in the pathogen mycelia incubated with rapamycin. The content of methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA) markedly increased at 5 h and the highest MDA content was observed after 20 h. Due to exposure to rapamycin, a decrease percentage of catalase activity was observed in pathogen mycelia. The results of field trials carried out over cropping seasons of 2017 and 2018 at Bahar and Lalehjin counties in Hamedan province, Iran, showed that application of rapamycin at the concentration of 100 nM has potential to markedly reduce disease severity of potato white mold as effectively as application of dichloran at 100% of the advised rate.

Assessing the effect of knowledge inertia on corporate knowledge sharing and strategic learning capabilities

The current study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of knowledge inertia on corporate knowledge sharing capabilities and strategic learning capabilities at the National Bank branches of Hamedan Province. This research consists of a descriptive, quantitative, applied and cross sectional study. The statistical population consists of the entire Hamedan Province National Bank branch personnel which were 610 people. From this population, 240 were selected based on the Krejcie and Morgan table using stratified random sampling. The data required for this study was gathered using standard questionnaires which were reviewed and validated. In order to analyze the data, structural path analysis and SmartPLS software was used. The results of this research confirm the significant effect of knowledge inertia on knowledge sharing capabilities and their components on corporate strategic learning capabilities. Moreover, the findings show that knowledge inertia and its components have a significant effect on the strategic learning capabilities of the organization.

Detection of the Association Rules of the Occurrence of Brucellosis in Humans Using Spatial Data Mining

Background and Objectives: Brucellosis is the most common disease in humans and animals, where its distribution is roughly global, so the control of this disease has an important impact on human health and livestock industry. The most important causes of this disease are environmental parameters (location). In this regard, identifying and discovering the relationship between environmental parameters and the outbreak and incidence of the disease can be effective in controlling and providing preventive measures and thus reducing the cost of treatment for humans and animals. Material and Methods: In this research, using spatial data and multidimensional association rules, the association between the occurrence of Brucellosis with environmental and human parameters such as temperature, humidity, altitude, land use, occupation and history of contact with the livestock and use of non-pasteurized dairy has been investigated with emphasis on location. The statistical population of this study is people with brucellosis in Hamedan province in 1394. Results: The results of this study indicate that factors of location and non location included temperature, altitude, humidity, history used of non-pasteurized dairy, history of contact with infected animals sick people, job and land use, can be effective in the spread of the disease. Conclusion: The results of the study show that the factors of temperature and elevation have had more effects in the discovered laws, so that areas with higher temperatures and lower altitudes than other areas include more patients. Also, people with agricultural and livestock jobs occupy the highest rates of patients in the laws that were discovered.

Heavy metal concentrations in roadside plants (Achillea wilhelmsii and Cardaria draba) and soils along some highways in Hamedan, west of Iran.

The present study was conducted to analyze the effects of traffic volumes on Cd, Cu, Pb, Ni, and Zn contents in roadside soils and in two dominant herbaceous species (Achillea wilhelmsii and Cardaria draba) along highways and to evaluate the dynamic characteristics of these elements and their accumulation by the aerial parts and roots of these herbaceous species. The plant samples were collected along 700m of a 9-km segment of each of the three major highways in Hamedan Province (West Iran) with different traffic volumes: Hamedan-Goltapeh (HG), Hamedan-Razan (HR), and Hamedan-Kermanshah (HK). The results indicated that the mean contents of Cd, Cu, Pb, Ni, and Zn in the soil samples were 0.26, 18.74, 14.98, 18.21, and 62.25mgkg-1, respectively. Furthermore, the mean contents of elements (mgkg-1) in aerial parts of A. wilhelmsii were 0.16 for Cd, 4.52 for Cu, 1.91 for Pb, 1.70 for Ni, and 44.80 for Zn, while in the aerial part samples of C. draba, the concentrations (mgkg-1) and the mean contents were 0.16, 2.29, 2.58, 1.60, and 31.29, respectively. This meant that the traffic volume affected the contents of the metals in the soil and the herbaceous species. The metal content in herbaceous tissues varied significantly between plant species. A. wilhelmsii tended to accumulate the metals in the roots while C. draba retained them mostly in the aerial parts. The significant positive correlations of Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn content in root and aerial parts of the herbaceous plant with those found in the soil samples showed the potential of the studied species for application in biomonitoring studies. Comprehensive analysis (effect of traffic volumes and relationships between the content of elements in plant tissues and soil samples) indicated that Cu in both herbaceous plants was mainly derived from soil, while A. wilhelmsii absorbed Cd and C. draba absorbed Zn mainly through the stomata from atmospheric depositions. Without considering atmospheric depositions due to intense traffic volumes, in A. wilhelmsii, the translocation factor (TF) values of Cu and Zn were 1.06 and 1.44, respectively and in C. draba, the TF values of Cd, Cu, and Pb were 1.06, 1.09, and 1.13, respectively, thus suggesting that both herbaceous species had high potentials for transferring metals from the roots to aerial parts.

An evaluation of central Iran’s protected areas under different climate change scenarios (A Case on Markazi and Hamedan provinces)

Global climate change poses a new challenge for species and can even push some species toward an extinction vortex. The most affected organisms are those with narrow tolerance to the climatic factors but many large mammals such as ungulates with a wider ecological niche are also being affected indirectly. Our research mainly used wild sheep in central Iran as a model species to explore how the suitable habitats will change under different climatic scenarios and to determine if current borders of protected areas will adequately protect habitat requirements. To create habitat models we used animal-vehicle collision points as an input for species presence data. We ran habitat models using MaxEnt modeling approach under different climatic scenarios of the past, present and future (under the climatic scenarios for minimum (RCP2.6) and maximum (RCP8.5) CO2 concentration trajectories). We tried to estimate the overlap and the width of the ecological niche using relevant metrics. In order to analyze the effectiveness of the protected areas, suitable maps were concerted to binary maps using True Skill Statistic (TSS) threshold and measured the similarity of the binary maps for each scenario using Kappa index. In order to assess the competence of the present protected areas boundary in covering the distribution of species, two different scenarios were employed, which are ensemble scenario 1: an ensemble of the binary maps of the species distribution in Mid-Holocene, present, and RCP2.6; and ensemble scenario 2: an ensemble of binary suitability maps in Mid-Holocene, present, and RCP8.5. Then, the borders of modeled habitats with the boundaries of 23 existing protected areas in two central provinces in Iran were compared. The predicted species distribution under scenario 1 (RCP2.6) was mostly similar to its current distribution (Kappa = 0.53) while the output model under scenario 2 (RCP8.5) indicated a decline in the species distribution range. Under the first ensemble scenario, current borders of the protected areas in Hamedan province showed better efficiency to cover the model species distribution range. Analyzing MaxEnt spatial models under the second climatic scenario suggested that protected areas in both Markazi and Hamedan provinces will not cover “high suitability” areas in the future. Modeling the efficiency of the current protected areas under predicted future climatic scenarios can help the related authorities to plan conservation activities more efficiently.

First report of Diaporthe foeniculina causing yellowing and dieback on Ficus benjamina

Ficus benjamina, commonly called weeping fig or Benjamin fig, is a flowering plant in the family Moraceae. It is widely grown as an ornamental tree or hedge. During the spring of 2019, yellowing and dieback of F. benjamina were observed in different regions of Hamedan Province, Iran (Fig. 1). To isolate the causal organism from infected tissues, small twig pieces were cut from the boundary between diseased and healthy tissue, surface-sterilised for one minute in 1% (w/v) sodium hypochlorite, rinsed three times with sterile water, dried on sterile filter paper, transferred to potato dextrose agar (PDA; Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) and incubated at 25°C in the dark. Five to seven days after incubation, fungal isolates were obtained from symptomatic tissues. The morphological characteristics were determined based on pure cultures grown on PDA. Colony morphology, size and shape of 30 conidia and conidiophores were recorded after seven days incubation. Colonies on PDA were slow-growing and white with sparse aerial mycelium (Fig. 2). After 15 days, conidioma (pycnidium) production was observed (Fig. 3). Microscopic identification was done using a Leica DMLB microscope. Pycnidia globose to subglobose with an elongated and black neck. Conidiophores hyaline, sub-cylindrical and cylindrical, filiform, branched above the septa, tapering towards the apex, 1-3 septate, (19-)20-28(-32) × 2(-3) μm. Conidiogenous cells hyaline, subcylidrical and filiform, straight, slightly tapering towards the apex, collarette not flared, with prominent periclinial thickening, (10-)11-15(-17) × 2(-3) μm. Alpha conidia aseptate, hyaline, smooth, ellipsoidal or fusiform and 8-9 × 2-2.5 μm (Fig. 4a). Beta conidia aseptate, filiform, slightly curved and 25-29 × 1-1.5 μm (Fig. 4b). Based on morphological and cultural characteristics, the isolates were identified as Diaporthe foeniculina (Sacc.) Udayanga & Castl. (=Phomopsis foeniculina (Sacc.) Udayanga & Castl) (Udayanga et al., 4). Representative cultures were deposited in the culture collection of the Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection (IRAN3161C). In order to confirm Koch's postulates, pathogenicity tests were performed on healthy seedlings in laboratory conditions at 25°C with natural daylight as follows. Stems were wounded using a sterile 5 mm diameter metal cork borer. A mycelial plug (5 mm diameter) obtained from the margin of a seven-day-old fungal colony (IRAN 3161C) was placed in the wound. The wound was wrapped with plastic film and for the control plants, a plug of clean PDA was placed in the wound. Two weeks after inoculation, symptoms were observed on the inoculated plants while no symptom appeared on the control. Diaporthe foeniculina was consistently reisolated from artificially infected plants (Fig. 5). To confirm the morphological identification, one isolate (IRAN 3161C) was selected for molecular analysis. Genomic DNA was extracted from mycelium of a pure culture as described by Sharma et al. (3). Molecular identification was performed based on the beta-tubulin gene which was sequenced using primers BT2A and BT2B (Glass & Donaldson, 2). BLAST search of a 566 bp sequence (GenBank Accession No. MG367462) showed 100% identity with D. foeniculina (KC843213). These test results confirmed D. foeniculina to be the causal agent of the newly observed disease on F. benjamina. To our knowledge, this is the first report of yellowing and dieback caused by D. foeniculina on F. benjamina (Farr & Rossman, 1).

Factors Affecting Survival in Patients with Breast Cancer in Hamedan Province from 2001 to 2018

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common cancer and one of the leading causes of death in women. Identification of factors affecting the survival rate of these patients is important for the prevention of breast cancer progression and better treatment. Methods: This retrospective cohort study was performed on 493 women with breast cancer referred to Imam Khomeini clinic in Hamadan between 2001 and 2018. The Kaplan-Meier method and the Cox proportional hazard model were used to estimate the survival rate and factors affecting patient survival. All analyses were performed using SPSS 21. Results: The mean (standard deviation) age of the patients was 49.75 (11.34) years, and the 5- and 10-year survival rates were 61% and86%, respectively. The Cox proportional hazards model showed a significant relationship between age(HR (%95 CI)=1.53(1.23-2.78)) and tumor size (HR (%95 CI)=1.49(1.16-2.89)) and mortality risk (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Age and tumor size are associated with survival in patients with breast cancer. Therefore, increasing women’s awareness of the benefits of periodic examinations and early diagnosis can contribute to early detection of the disease and improved survival.

Social status of physical education teachers

The aim of this study was to investigate the social status of physical education teachers in Hamedan province, Iran. Data gathering done by means of a researcher made questionnaire. After approving the validity by experts, the reliability approved by 11 professors through Chronbakh alpha equal to 0.87. Research society was all physical education teacher of Hamedan province consist of 800 people. The sample was estimated using Morgan table and the total number of 235 questionnaires returned and analyzed. After detecting the normal distribution of data using kolmogorov-smirnov test, independent t test and one way ANOVA were applied to test the hypothesis. A significant difference found among the mean of job interest and economic factor in samples compare to the society. In other words, teacher’s interest was higher than the average and also, the economic factors are not the main reason to choose their job. Also, significant difference found between the mean of social status of chosen jobs in sample compare to the mean of society. it means that based on respondents ideas, the social status of jobs such as seller, barber, waiter and taxi driver is lower than physical education teacher and this status is higher for physician, employee and non- physical education teacher. Totally, no matter the social status of other jobs, the credibility and status of the job of physical education teachers recognized high by respondents.

Assessment of Football Fans Willingness for Attendance in Football Stadiums and Associated Factors

Present study aims to assess the football fans’ willingness to attend in football stadiums and its related factors. This applied study is among descriptive correlative ones and is quantitative in terms of data collection. The statistical society of present study consists of all football fans in the football stadiums of Hamedan province during 1990. Given the point that the statistical community of this study was indefinite, so the Cochran formula was used to estimate statistical samples. In such a way that 384 subjects were selected in random as the statistical sample. The 31-item questionnaire of Alimohammadi and colleagues (2015) was used to measure the factors affecting the willingness of the football fans in stadiums and 5-item questionnaire of Magnus (2008) was used to measure their willingness to attend the stadiums. The findings of the study revealed that the level of willingness to attend the stadiums of Hamedan province was 74.2%. Results showed that the factors of installations, information and attractiveness, age of teams, timing and notification, proxy victory, presence and support, interaction and escape and thrill are significantly effective on football fans’ willingness to attend the football stadiums of Hamedan province.

Prediction of Heavy Metals Concentration in the Groundwater Resources in Razan Plain: Extreme Learning Machine vs. Artificial Neural Network and Multivariate Adaptive Regression Spline

Background: The groundwater is known as a major water source for domestic, industrial and agricultural purposes in the Razan Plain. Therefore, the prediction of toxic and essential elements (arsenic, lead, and zinc) content in groundwater resources of this area is important. Objectives: The main aim of this study was to investigate the extreme learning machine model as a novel model for the prediction of heavy metals concentration at Razan Plain, Hamedan province, Iran. Methods: In this descriptive study, a total of 60 groundwater specimens were collected from 20 semi-deep and deep wells across the studied area. After preparing the specimens in the laboratory, the elements’ content was detected using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) in three replicates. In the next step, three types of machine learning methods, including, extreme learning machine (ELM), artificial neural network (ANN) and multivariate adaptive regression spline (MARS) were used to predict the heavy metals concentration in groundwater resources in Razan Plain, Hamedan, Iran. The models were trained using training data (the first 80% of the data) to find optimum values for weights and biases followed by testing using testing data (the first 20% of the data) collected from the study area. The used data were representative of the concentration of the As, Zn and Pb in Razan Plain. Three evaluation measures, correlation coefficient (r), coefficient of determination (R2) and root mean square error (RMSE) were applied to investigate the accuracy of models in estimation of heavy metals concentration. Results: The results showed that the mean content (µg/L) of the analyzed elements in groundwater samples of Razan Plain was 6.35 for As, 5.24 for Pb, and 32.4 for Zn. In addition, based on the findings the superiority of ELM was confirmed compared with the ANN and MARS models. ELM model decreased RMSE for ANN and MARS by 39.8% and 47.8% for As, 38.5% and 59.8% for Zn, and 64.4% and 75.5% for Pb, respectively. The results indicated that the ELM model can be successfully utilized for predicting heavy metals concentration in groundwater resources. Conclusions: The developed ELM approach can be successfully applied to estimate the concentration of As, Pb, and Zn in Razan Palin.

Application of life cycle analysis to assess environmental sustainability of wheat cultivation in the west of Iran

Today, intensive use of energy sources leads to environmental damages such as global warming and resources depletion. Hence, this study provided energy, environmental and economic overview of wheat cultivation in Hamedan province, Iran. The initial data were collected from 75 wheat farms applying face-to-face interview technique. The prepared data related to the 2017–2018 production cycle. The energy analysis results demonstrated that the total energy consumption and output energy in wheat cultivation were 43054.63 MJ ha−1 and 117407.13 MJ ha−1, respectively. Energy productivity, energy use efficiency and net energy gain were computed as 0.12 kg MJ−1, 2.73 and 74352.50 MJ ha−1, respectively. Economic analysis showed that total value and cost of wheat production were 854.86 $ ha−1 and 366.57 $ ha−1, respectively. Net return was 488.29 $ ha−1 and benefit to cost ratio computed as 2.33 in the investigated region. Wheat environmental impacts were evaluated by applying life cycle assessment methodology. Results of environmental impacts showed the largest emissions were related to marine aquatic ecotoxicity (319757.6377 kg 1,4-DB eq.), abiotic depletion (fossil fuels) (6673.1319 MJ) and global warming potential (624.2944 kg CO2eq.). Electricity was a hotspot in abiotic depletion (fossil fuels), global warming potential, freshwater aquatic ecotoxicity, ozone layer depletion and photochemical oxidation impact categories. Cumulative exergy demand results indicated that the rates of non-renewable fossil (7088.05 MJ ha−1) for wheat farms mainly resulted from electricity and nitrogen fertilizer.

Evaluation of the Efficiency of Linear and Nonlinear Models in Predicting Monthly Rainfall (Case Study: Hamedan Province)

Evaluation of the Efficiency of Linear and Nonlinear Models in Predicting Monthly Rainfall (Case Study: Hamedan Province)

Neospora caninum infection in dairy farms with history of abortion in West of Iran

Neospora caninum is a major cause of abortion and economic losses among dairy farms in Iran and other countries. The main goal of current investigation was to evaluate the presence of antibodies against N. caninum and associated risk factors in dairy herds with history of abortion in Hamedan province of West Iran. A total numbers of 476 and 185 blood samples of pregnant cattle and farm dogs from 10 dairy farms with history of abortion were randomly collected. Bulk milk sample was taken from each farm. All samples were subjected for detection of IgG antibody against N. caninum using ELISA technique. Of all examined animals, 24.8% of cattle and 8.65% of dogs were seropositive to N. caninum. The seroprevalence had significant differences with abortion, stillbirth, metritis, breed, close contact to dogs, wild carnivores, rodents, poultry, and pregnancy using artificial insemination method. There were no significant differences among seroprevalence and different age groups, number and stage of gestation, and herd population. In all investigated farms, bulk milk examination was positive. In examined dogs, there was significant difference between seroprevalence and sex. It was concluded that N. caninum infection may be responsible for abortion and economic losses in dairy farms of the region. This was also the first comprehensive report on associated risk factors to N. caninum infection in dairy farms in the region.

The effect of vocational training on Hamedan province women's empowerment

The effect of vocational training on Hamedan province women's empowerment

Modeling farmers' responsible environmental attitude and behaviour: a case from Iran.

There is an increasing concern over the environmental degradation caused by agricultural activities especially in developing countries which mostly linked to farmer's behavior. Thus, this study aimed to model the responsible attitude and behavior of Iranian farmers in respect to environment. The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) was used as a basis for identification of the main determinants of the farmers' responsible environmental behavior. A survey of 400 farmers in the Hamedan Province, selected through a multistage stratified random sampling method. Data was gathered using a questionnaire which its validity and reliability were confirmed by a panel of agricultural and environmental experts and calculated Cronbach's alpha (0.65 ≤ α ≤ 0.80), respectively. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) to evaluate the strength of relationship between the constructs and test the overall model fit. Results of study showed that "using animal manure in the farms" was the most important behavior which farmers are responsibly doing to respect their environment but their least attention is given to "disposing cans and bottles after spraying." Also, the fitness indices of the model revealed that the TPB partially supported the farmers' responsible environmental behavior as perceived behavioral control and environmental attitude positively influenced the farmers' responsible environmental behavior but there was not observed any significant influence by subjective norm. Among the additional incorporated constructs, environmental awareness, ethical commitment, and environmental concern significantly had a positive influence on farmers' behavior by mediating role of the environmental attitude. The inclusion of new constructs in the TPB model was supported through improving the predictive power of the modified model in predicting farmers' responsible environmental behavior.