Growth Of Soybean Plants Research Articles

Assessment of the abiotic and anthropogenic factors influence on soybean nutrition and yield

The research was carried out in a long-term stationary experiment with mineral fertilizers, laid in 1962-1964 on meadow chernozem-like soil in Sadovoye village of the Tambov district of the Amur region, in 2020-2022. The object of the study was the crops of the precocious soybean variety Sentyabrinka, which is the fourth crop of the five-field crop rotation. The aim of the research was to study the influence of external factors on the intake and content of nutrients, productivity and biological yield of soybean seeds in the system of long-term use of fertilizers. Of the abiotic factors, the accumulation of heat and precipitation had a positive effect on the growth and development of soybean plants of the September variety, the intake of mineral nutrition elements from the soil. The most favorable conditions for the formation of a high yield were formed in 2021, due to sufficient precipitation in July (104 mm) and August (194 mm), which contributed to the active formation of beans and seeds in early-ripening plants. The anthropogenic factor of fertilization had a positive effect on the number and weight of seeds from one plant. The average annual loads of N24P30K24, N42P48 and N24P30 + manure 4.8 t/ha provide an increase in the number of seeds by 3.6-3.7 compared to the control, and the weight by 2.3-3.4%, depending on the average annual load of fertilizers. At the same time, the mass of 1000 seeds was greater than in the control by 0.9-4.8 g. The positive effect of fertilizers on plant nutrition led to an increase in the biological yield of seeds, which was the highest in the weather conditions of 2020 and 2021. On average, over 3 years of research, there was a stable tendency to increase biological yield against the background of the action and aftereffect of fertilizers by 0.23-0.68 t/ha with coefficients varying by years from 2.1 to 10.4%, depending on the average annual load of fertilizers.

Biopolymer as an additive for effective biochar-based rhizobial inoculant

Biochar is an efficient and inexpensive carrier for bacteria that stimulate plant development and growth. In this study, different biopolymer additives (cellulose, xanthan gum, chitin and tryptone) were tested with different addition ratios (1:0.1, 1:0.5 and 1:1) on further enhancing biochar capacity for supporting the growth and activity of Bradyrhizobium japonicum (CB1809). We utilized pine wood biochar (PWBC) pyrolyzed at 400 °C as the base inoculum carrier. The shelf life and survival rate of CB1809 were counted using the colony-forming unit (CFU) method for up to 120 days. Peat served as a standard reference material against which all treatments were compared. Subsequent experiments evaluated the ability of carrier inoculants to promote Glycine max L. (soybean) plant growth and nodulation under different watering regimes, i.e., 55 % water holding capacity (WHC) (D0), 30 % WHC (D1) and, 15 % WHC (D2) using sandy loam soil. Results revealed that among different additives; xanthan gum with 1:0.5 to PWBC [PWBC-xanthan gum(1:0.5)] was observed as a superior formulation in supporting rhizobial shelf life and survival rate of CB1809. In pot experiments, plants with PWBC-xanthan gum(1:0.5) formulation showed significant increase in various physiological characteristics (nitrogenase activity, chlorophyll pigments, membrane stability index, and relative water content), root architecture (root surface area, root average diameter, root volume, root tips, root forks and root crossings), and plant growth attributes (shoot/root dry biomass, shoot/root length, and number of nodules). Additionally, a reduced enrichment of isotopic signatures (δ13C, δ15N) was observed in plants treated with PWBC-xanthan gum(1:0.5), less enrichment of δ15N indicates an inverse link to nodulation and nitrogenase activity, while lower δ13C values indicates effective water use efficiency by plants during drought stress. These results suggest that biopolymers supplementation of the PWBC is useful in promoting shelf life or survival rate of CB1809.

Protecting soybean yields from enrofloxacin toxicity: The role of Bradyrhizobium japonicum inoculation

Soybean plants are sensitive to the antimicrobial enrofloxacin (Enro), demonstrating significant yield reductions when exposed to this pharmaceutical. In this study, we investigated the susceptibility and attenuation properties of a commercial Bradyrhizobium japonicum formulation on the deleterious effects of Enro on the growth and yield of soybean plants. Although environmentally representative concentrations of Enro in soil (200, 600, and 1000 μg kg−1) may be toxic to B. japonicum, effective symbiosis between the bacteria and soybean plants was observed even when plants were exposed to Enro concentrations close to those leading to bacterial death (1600 μg kg−1). While the antimicrobial decreased the number of nodules in plants, the increase in their mass assured the maintenance of nitrogenase activity and the provision of nitrogen to plants. The inoculation also increased the nitrogen status of leaves, ensuring the production of glutamate, which is related to the biosynthesis of proline, an antioxidant molecule that helps avoid oxidative bursts and related decreases in photosynthesis and growth. In addition, the inoculation prevented Enro-induced decreases in seed production. However, while the inoculation may prevent economic losses related to the production of soybeans in soils contaminated by Enro, it does not prevent the accumulation of the antimicrobial in edible parts of the plant, which poses hazardous toxicological effects.

The effects of organic fertilisers on soybean plant photosynthesis

ABSTRACT The paper reports the effects of organic fertilisers on the photosynthetic characteristics and growth of soybean plants. The photosynthetic parameters were performed through gas exchange analysis by chlorophyll a fluorescence emission, in three phenological stages of culture. Photosynthetic activity, liquid CO₂ assimilation rates, stomatal conductance and water use efficiency were favoured by the addition of organic fertilisers to the soil. The addition of organic fertilisers reduced the initial chlorophyll a fluorescence, increased the electron transport rate, the internal CO₂ concentration, the potential efficiency of photosystem (II) and the effective quantum efficiency of photosystem (II) in soybean plants.

A newly isolated Bacillus pumilus strain SH-9 modulates response to drought stress in soybean via endogenous phytohormones and gene expression (Daegu, South Korea)

Drought stress hampers plant growth and productivity. Some microorganisms mitigate stress in plants; however, the molecular mechanism by which they interact with plants in mitigating stress remains unknown. This study aimed to determine the mechanism by which plant growth–promoting rhizobacteria modulate drought stress in soybean. Results indicated that B. pumilus SH-9 (SH-9) produced indole acetic acid and siderophore, and had capacity for phosphate solubilization. The test for polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG) tolerance, showed that SH-9 could withstand high PEG concentration (up to 30 %). The isolate was identified a B. pumilus strain using a 16 s ribosomal DNA gene sequence. Inoculation of soybeans with SH-9 enhanced soybean plant growth and biomass by 20 %, even under high drought stress. This was due to a reduction of the endogenous phytohormone (abscisic acid) and upregulation of the antioxidant defense system (SOD, POD, APX, and GSH) by SH-9. Furthermore, the transcription factors GmDREB2, GmbZIP1, and GmNCED3 were involved. Inoculation with SH-9 also improved physio-morphological characteristics such as biomass, chlorophyll, seedling length, and relative water contents in the stressed plant. Overall, the findings of this study indicated that SH-9 enhances plant growth by promoting phosphate solubilization, siderophore, and exopolysaccharides. We, therefore, conclude that SH-9 is a drought-tolerant variant that can improve plant growth even under drought stress via modulation of expression of the phytohormone gene, and antioxidant profile.

Soybean Bacterial Endophytes against Anthracnose Disease Collected from Karnataka State: An in-vitro Study

Endophytes trigger various defence mechanisms within their host plants, engaging primary and secondary protective pathways. This investigation primarily aimed to isolate bacterial endophytes from diverse agroecological regions in Karnataka. Subsequently, these endophytes were assessed for their inhibition against Colletotrichum truncatum using the in-vitro streak plate technique. A total of 43 bacteria isolated from soybean plants and key endophytes showing the inhibition against C. truncatum were in different zones namely, DHW-9(87%), BID-2(85%), BID-13(85%), BID-14(82.50%), DHW-15(80%), BID-15(75%),and BID-16(75%) exhibited notable efficacy against C. truncatum in decreasing order. Among these, the DHW-9 (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strain P4-32) bacterial endophytes isolated from the North Transition Zone (Dharwad) were highly effective against the pathogen, possibly due to employing many direct and indirect mechanisms. Furthermore, the inhibition potential of the bacterial endophytes varies with and within the place of agroecological zones. In conclusion, it has been observed that the bacterial endophyte DHW-9 inhibited the progression of anthracnose disease caused by C. truncatum in controlled in vitro. Hence, it is imperative to conduct additional experiments, including pot and field studies, to explore its potential to enhance the growth and yield of soybean plants.

Pemanfaatan Tanaman Gulma Berbunga sebagai Mikrohabitat Musuh Alami Pada Tanaman Kedelai di Lahan Sub Optimal

Pemanfaatan Tanaman Gulma Berbunga sebagai Mikrohabitat Musuh Alami Pada Tanaman Kedelai di Lahan Sub Optimal

Pengaruh Dekanter Solid dan Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Kedelai (Glycine max (L.) Merrill)

Soybean (Glycine max (L) Merrill) is an important food crop because of its nutritional content, especially its high protein content. Increasing need is not balanced with increase in production. One of causal factors is low level of soil fertility. This research aimed to study the interaction effect of solid decanter dosage with PGPR concentration on the growth and yield of soybean plants. The experimentwas arranged in a randomized block design with factorial pattern consisted of 2 factors, namely solid decanter and PGPR. Solid decanter (K) comprisedtwo dose levels, namely: k1 = 10 ton.ha-1 solid decanter, and k2 = 15 ton.ha-1 solid decanter, while PGPR (P) comprised 3 concentration levels, namely: p0 = without PGPR (0%), p1 = PGPR 30%, p2 = PGPR 50%. Variables observed were plant height, number of branches, number of pods per plant, number of filled pods per plant, weight of seeds per plant, weight of 100 seeds and yield of plants. Data from the observations were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance (Anova). If the results of the analysis of variance showed significance, analysis was continued with mean comparison using LSD test at the α = 5% level. Results showed that there were interaction effect found on number of filled pods and the weight of 100 seeds. Meanwhile, there were no interaction effect foundonplant height, number of branches, number of pods per plant, seed weight per plant and yield. Thus, it was concluded that the provision of solid decanters of 10 ton.ha-1 to 15 ton.ha-1 and PGPR up to a concentration of 50% were not able to increase soybean crop yields.

Alleviation of microplastic toxicity in soybean by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: Regulating glyoxalase system and root nodule organic acid

Microplastic accumulation in the soil-plant system can stress plants and affect products quality. Currently, studies on the effect of microplastics on plants are not consistent and underlying molecular mechanisms are yet unknown. Here for the first time, we performed a study to explore the molecular mechanism underlying the growth of soybean plants in soil contaminated with various types of microplastics (PS and HDPE) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) (presence/absence). Our results revealed that a dose-dependent decline was observed in plant growth, chlorophyll content, and yield of soybean under MPs stress. The addition of MPs resulted in oxidative stress closely related to hydrogen peroxide generation (H2O2), methylglyoxal (MG) levels, lipid peroxidation (MDA), and lipoxygenase (LOX). In contrast, MPs addition enhanced mycorrhizal colonization and dependency relative to control while the rubisco and root activity declined. All the genes (GmHMA13 and GmHMA19) were downregulated in the presence of MPs except GmHMA18 in roots. AMF inoculation alleviated MPs-induced phytotoxic effects on colonization, rubisco activity, root activity and restored the growth of soybean. Under MPs exposure, AMF inoculation induced plant defense system via improved regulation of antioxidant enzymes, ascorbate, glutathione pool, and glyoxalase system. AMF upregulated the genes responsible for metals uptake in soybean under MPs stress. The antioxidant and glyoxalase systems coordinated regulation expressively inhibited the oxidative and carbonyl stress at both MPs types. Hence, AMF inoculation may be considered an effective approach for minimizing MPs toxicity and its adverse effects on growth of soybean grown on MPs-contaminated soils.

Synergistic N2-fixation and salt stress mitigation in soybean through dual inoculation of ACC deaminase-producing Pseudomonas and Bradyrhizobium

We investigated the potential dual application of two Bradyrhizobium strains (B. diazoefficiens USDA110 and B. ottawaense SG09) and plant growth-promoting bacteria, PGPB (Pseudomonas spp.: OFT2 and OFT5), to improve nodulation and N2-fixation in soybean plants. The growth-promoting effects of dual inoculation were observed on plant growth, physiology, and nodulation of soybean under normal conditions compared with plants individually inoculated with either USDA110 or SG09. Both OFT2 and OFT5 promoted N2-fixation by 11% and 56%, respectively, when dual inoculation with USDA110 and by 76% and 81%, respectively, when dual inoculation with SG09. Salinity stress significantly reduces soybean growth, physiology, nutrient uptake, nodulation, and N2-fixation. However, these adverse effects were attenuated by the dual inoculation of PGPB and rhizobia depending on the combination of inoculants. In particular, dual inoculation of PGPB with SG09 was more effective in enhancing the salt tolerance of soybean by reducing salt-induced ethylene production and improving nutrient uptake. However, no such effect was observed with the combined inoculation of USDA110 and OFT5. An effective symbiotic association between SG09 and two Pseudomonas bacteria can be considered a beneficial approach to improving the symbiotic efficiency of nodulation and mitigating salinity stress in soybeans.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi as an effective approach to enhance the growth and metabolism of soybean plants under thallium (TI) toxicity

Thallium (TI) is a toxic metal that can trigger harmful impacts on growth and metabolism of plants. Utilizing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) proves to be an effective strategy for alleviating heavy metal toxicity in plants. To this end, AMF were applied to mitigate TI toxic effects on the growth, primary and secondary metabolism of soybean plants. Here, TI stress inhibited the growth and photosynthetic parameters of soybean plants. It also increased the oxidative damage as demonstrated by increased levels of oxidative markers, (MDA and lipoxygenase (LOX) activity). However, AMF could mitigate the reduction in growth and photosynthesis induced by TI, as well as the induction of oxidative damage. To overcome TI toxicity, AMF increased the levels and metabolism of osmolytes such as proline in soybean plants. This was in line with the increased activities of key enzymes that involved in proline biosynthesis (e.g., P5CS (pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase), P5CR (pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase) and OAT (ornithine aminotransferase) under the AMF and/or TI treatments. Furthermore, soybean plants could benefit from the synergism between AMF and TI to enhance the contents of individual (e.g., spermine and spermidine) and total polyamines as well as their metabolic enzymes (e.g., arginine decarboxylase and ornithine decarboxylase). Overall, the combined application of AMF emerges as a viable approach for alleviating TI toxicity in soybean plants.

Growth and mitotic chromosomes of soybean (<i>Glycine max L. Merril</i>) plants as affected by spent engine oil in sandy-loam soils

Soybean (Glycine max L. Merril) is one of the most nutritionally valuable legumes in Africa. However, spent automobile engine oil is always disposed indiscriminately on lands and water bodies in Nigeria, which pollutes both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, with adverse effects on crop growth and productivity. This study investigated the effects of spent engine oil (SEO) polluted soils on growth parameters and mitotic chromosomes of soybean. Two soybean varieties (TGX-1448-2E and local) were planted in pots filled with sandy-loam soil treated with 0, 0.1, 0.4 and 0.7% v/w SEO concentrations, in 2 × 4 factorial experiment laid in a completely randomized design with six replications. Data were collected at weekly intervals for four weeks on growth parameters (plant height, number of leaves, leaf width and leaf length) and chromosomal aberration. Data were subjected to ANOVA and means separated with LSD. Among the treatments, seed germination rate was significantly higher in TGX-1448-2E (95.0 ± 0.0-96.0 ± 0.7%) than local variety (70.0 ± 0.7-71.0 ± 0.7%). Both 0.4 and 0.7% SEO caused significant (p ≤ 0.01) reductions in plant height, number of leaves, leaf length and leaf width whereas, 0.1% did not reduce growth parameters. Treatments 0.4 and 0.7% SEO caused high chromosomal aberrations in soybean as they reduced chromosome numbers (from 40.0 to 23%), cell division, mitotic index (70.0 to 20.8%) and produced 31.7% abnormal cells. Abnormalities such as bridges, laggards and chromosome stickiness occurred. This study shows that 0.4-0.7% SEO polluted soils is phytotoxic to soybeans.

Growth and yield of soybean plants under water deficit and application of foliar fertilizer

The objective of this work was to assess the effects of a commercial foliar fertilizer (H2 Protector; H2 Agrosciences, Orizona, Brazil) on growth and yield of soybean plants grown under water deficit. The experiment was conducted for 105 days from November 2021 to February 2022 in a greenhouse at the State University of Goiás, in Ipameri, GO, Brazil. A completely randomized design was used, with a 2×5 factorial arrangement and three replications. The first factor consisted of foliar fertilizer rates (0 and 300 mL ha-1), and the second factor consisted of water depths applied to the plants (25%, 50%, 75%, 100%, and 125% of the daily evapotranspiration). Morphological variables and agronomic components of the crop were analyzed at 60 and 90 days after emergence. Water deficit at the R5 reproduction stage limits the growth and yield of soybean plants. The important results found for vegetative and reproductive growth of plants treated with the foliar fertilizer were due to the greater number of leaves and transpiration of these plants, even under water deficit, denoting a higher photosynthetic potential. The foliar fertilizer did not mitigate water deficit effects on soybean plants grown in pots, but denoted potential for mitigation of damages in the field

Drought-related parameters reveal better drought tolerance of transgenic plants overexpressing a soybean cytokinin dehydrogenase gene

Drought stress is one of the most detrimental abiotic stresses that has undeniably negative impacts on the growth and development of soybean plants. According to previous studies, cytokinin-related genes have been proposed to play vital roles in plant response and adaptation to drought stress. From a report, the soybean gene GmCKX13 encoding cytokinin oxidases/dehydrogenase was shown to be upregulated under drought condition. In this study, GmCKX13-overexpressing soybeans were used to evaluate the involvement of GmCKX13 in plant adaptation to water scarcity condition. According to the results, the introduction of GmCKX13 transgene conferred the transgenic plants enhanced drought tolerance capacity, which was featured with higher drought-tolerant index and better water retaining in the tissue under water deficit condition in comparison with the wild-type plants. Additionally, the transgenic soybean plants also showed lower level of intracellular hydrogen peroxide content, which was in agreement with the stronger activities of hydrogen peroxide-scavenging enzymes - catalase and peroxidase. These results indicate a promising application of GmCKX13 in enhancing antioxidant defense system against oxidative damage caused by drought stress in plants. Taken together, therefore, it is suggested that GmCKX13 may contribute to soybean adaptability to drought stress, which would result in crop yield improvement.

Soybean Plant Growth and Tre6P Metabolism Under Red/Far-Red and Blue Light

Soybean Plant Growth and Tre6P Metabolism Under Red/Far-Red and Blue Light

Importance of biofilm formation for promoting plant growth under salt stress in Pseudomonas putida KT2440.

An underutilized experimental design was employed to isolate adapted mutants of the model bacterium Pseudomonas putida KT2440. The design involved subjecting a random pool of mini-Tn5 mutants of P. putida KT2440 to multiple rounds of selection in the rhizosphere of soybean plants irrigated with a NaCl solution. The isolated adapted mutants, referred to as MutAd, exhibited a mutation in the gene responsible for encoding the membrane-binding protein LapA, which plays a role in the initial stages of biofilm formation on abiotic surfaces. Two MutAd bacteria, MutAd160 and MutAd185, along with a lapA deletion mutant, were selected for further investigation to examine the impact of this gene on salt tolerance, rhizosphere fitness, production of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), and promotion of plant growth. Despite the mutants' inability to form biofilms, they were able to attach to soybean seeds and roots. The MutAd bacteria demonstrated an elevated production of EPS when cultivated under saline conditions, which likely compensated for the absence of biofilm formation. MutAd185 bacteria exhibited enhanced root attachment and promoted the growth of soybean plants in slightly saline soils. The proposed experimental design holds promise for expediting bacterial adaptation to the rhizosphere of plants under specific environmental conditions, identifying genetic mutations that enhance bacterial fitness in those conditions, and thereby increasing their capacity to promote plant growth.

Importance of bioprotector in growth and yield of soybean plants

Bioprotectors are resistance inducers recently launched on the market for several plant species and may represent an important tool for increasing the productivity of the soybean crop. The present study aimed to identify the effects of H2 Protector in growth and yield of soybean plants. The experiment was carried out in an agricultural production area at Ipameri city with NS 7505 IPRO soybean cultivar in 115 days cycle. The experiment was set up following the randomized block design, three replications and 9m2 plot. To perform the treatments, it was used the commercial product H2 Protector with 300 ml ha-1 concentration and 150 L ha-1 flow rate with addition of mineral oil H2 Citrus. The treatments corresponded to the use of the bioprotector in different phenological stages of the soybean plants in a clinical way or overlapping applications in the previous stage: control, V4, R2, R5, V4+R2, V4+R5, R2+R5 and V4+R2+R5. The application of H2 Protector as bioprotector has biostimulant role in plants cultivated without stress conditions and must be applied with two applications to obtain high yield in soybean plants in V4+R2 or R2+R5 growth stages. The H2 Protector when applied in soybean plants in V4 growth stage increased growth and with a second application in R2 (V4+R2) resulted in higher yield of 17.3% corresponding to 636 kg ha-1 (kg hectare-1). H2 Protector when used in R2+R5 growth stages increase in 18.4% soybean grain yield corresponding to 678 kg ha-1. In this way, the use in two phenological stages becomes economically viable, since the costs represent 10% of the increase in productivity

PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN KEDELAI (GLYCINE MAX L.) HASIL RADIASI SINAR GAMMA CESIUM-137

The study of the Effect of Cesium-137 Gamma Ray Radiation on the Growth of Soybean Plants (Glycine max L.) aims to determine the quality of growth of soybean plants (Glycine max L.). The Cesium-137 source was used as a source of irradiation in the study, with a constant distance (x) of irradiation of 100 cm from the wall, with dose variations of 0 Control, 25 mGy, 50 mGy, 75 mGy, 100 mGy and 120 mGy. The method used in this research is descriptive statistical analysis. The samples used in this research are soybean seeds from the Langkowa Soybean plantation, Tonasa Village, Tombolopao Subdistrict and packaged soybeans taken from the packaging seeds of Flower Seed Shop Jl. Veteran Selatan No.395. The results of this study showed that the sprout growth time with a dose treatment of B5 (75 mGy) took 9 days to grow, the percentage of stem height (cm) at a dose of B5 (75 mGy) the average stem height was 3.7 cm, the percentage of leaf width (cm) at a dose of B4 (100 mGy) the average leaf width was 2.9 cm, the percentage of the number of leaves (sheets) at a dose of B3 (75 mGy) the average number of leaves was 4 sheets. The use of Cesium-137 and Cobalt-60 Gamma radiation in plant breeding can be utilised on various types of plants to increase plant cultivation and better production results.

Exploring the agro-potential of extract from Levisticum officinale WDJ Koch in soybean cultivation

The search for agrotechnical alternatives that improve crop yields while having a neutral impact on the environment is the essence of sustainable agriculture. Biostimulants are an important tool for integrated crop management. The objective was to assess the biostimulating activity of macerates from the leaves of Levisticum officinale L., using soybean as a model crop. The extract was evaluated for biologically active compounds as well as its ability to support the growth of soybean plants in natural conditions during a three-year field experiment. The effect of macerates on morphophysiological parameters of soybean plants was evaluated. The harvested crop was analyzed for its mineral profile, protein and amino acid content, including essential amino acids, fat and fatty acids, and fiber fraction content. The analysis showed that the lovage root extract contained antioxidants in the form of phenolic compounds, soluble carbohydrates, minerals, and phytohormones. The concentration of bioactive compounds indicates that the plant extract has agronomic potential and can be considered an effective natural biostimulant to improve soybean growth and yield. The bioactive components of the lovage extract played an important role in plant growth and metabolism. The number of pods per plant and soybean yield increased significantly after the application of the macerate. The concentration of minerals, amino acids, and total protein in soybean increased by the application of lovage macerate. The analyzed extract is an effective natural biostimulant and can be used in agricultural practice.

Application of Amelioran Compost of Empty Palm Plus Fruit Bunches to Soybean Plants in Ultisols through Multivariate Tests and Principal Component Analysis

The decline in national soy output results from a decline in planted area. Optimizing ultisol land is one of the efforts undertaken to increase national soybean production. This study seeks to examine the effect of composting empty palm oil bunches on the growth and yield of soybeans using multivariate tests and principal component analysis during the compost's incubation period. The application of compost and empty palm fruit clusters was able to chelate Al-DD and increase the soil's available P and K. There is a positive Pearson correlation between pH, Ca, K, and Mg, as well as a positive Pearson correlation between all observed growth and development parameters of soybean plants. Pearson's correlation demonstrates the relationship between the characteristics of plant height, number of leaves, number of branches, number of pods, age of blossoming, age of harvest, and productivity. Positive correlations are observed for each parameter observed.