Assessment of the abiotic and anthropogenic factors influence on soybean nutrition and yield

Abstract

The research was carried out in a long-term stationary experiment with mineral fertilizers, laid in 1962-1964 on meadow chernozem-like soil in Sadovoye village of the Tambov district of the Amur region, in 2020-2022. The object of the study was the crops of the precocious soybean variety Sentyabrinka, which is the fourth crop of the five-field crop rotation. The aim of the research was to study the influence of external factors on the intake and content of nutrients, productivity and biological yield of soybean seeds in the system of long-term use of fertilizers. Of the abiotic factors, the accumulation of heat and precipitation had a positive effect on the growth and development of soybean plants of the September variety, the intake of mineral nutrition elements from the soil. The most favorable conditions for the formation of a high yield were formed in 2021, due to sufficient precipitation in July (104 mm) and August (194 mm), which contributed to the active formation of beans and seeds in early-ripening plants. The anthropogenic factor of fertilization had a positive effect on the number and weight of seeds from one plant. The average annual loads of N24P30K24, N42P48 and N24P30 + manure 4.8 t/ha provide an increase in the number of seeds by 3.6-3.7 compared to the control, and the weight by 2.3-3.4%, depending on the average annual load of fertilizers. At the same time, the mass of 1000 seeds was greater than in the control by 0.9-4.8 g. The positive effect of fertilizers on plant nutrition led to an increase in the biological yield of seeds, which was the highest in the weather conditions of 2020 and 2021. On average, over 3 years of research, there was a stable tendency to increase biological yield against the background of the action and aftereffect of fertilizers by 0.23-0.68 t/ha with coefficients varying by years from 2.1 to 10.4%, depending on the average annual load of fertilizers.